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Project stakeholders included the U.S. Geological Survey, the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Mercer and Middlesex Counties, Princeton University, and the Stony Brook–Millstone Watershed Association. During the study, Carnegie Lake, a freshwater impoundment of the Millstone River located in Mercer and Middlesex Counties, was identified as a significant natural resource within the watershed. As the project’s lead agency, USACE contracted Princeton Hydro to develop a detailed lake and watershed restoration plan for Carnegie Lake. The Carnegie Lake and Watershed Restoration Plan focused on three primary objectives. First, it involved collecting a wide range of site‑specific in‑lake and watershed data. Second, it quantified the hydrologic and non‑point‑source pollutant budgets for the lake, including total suspended solids and the nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus. Third, it used the findings from the first two objectives to develop a comprehensive lake and watershed restoration plan. The first objective was completed in 2003, during which extensive data were collected throughout the growing season. A major component of this effort was a detailed bathymetric survey that measured water depths and the volume of unconsolidated sediments. Additional tasks included collecting physical, chemical, and biological in‑lake data; conducting macrophyte and fisheries surveys; and collecting and analyzing baseline and stormwater samples. Hydrologic and pollutant budgets for Carnegie Lake and its watershed were then developed using standardized and widely accepted models calibrated with the collected baseline and stormwater data. These budgets informed water‑quality models used to predict in‑lake conditions under various climatic and pollutant‑loading scenarios. All water‑quality and watershed data, along with model results, were used to evaluate and prioritize feasible, cost‑effective in‑lake and watershed management techniques aimed at improving water quality and reducing pollutant loads. The project was finalized in March 2005. [gallery link="none" ids="19279,19277,19276"] [post_title] => Carnegie Lake Phase I Lake and Watershed Restoration Plan [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => closed [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => carnegie-lake-phase-i-lake-and-watershed-restoration-plan [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2026-03-05 20:21:18 [post_modified_gmt] => 2026-03-05 20:21:18 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?post_type=project&p=19281 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => project [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [1] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 19065 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2026-01-12 22:06:44 [post_date_gmt] => 2026-01-12 22:06:44 [post_content] => In 2013, American Rivers, CTDEEP Fisheries, and Natural Resources Conservation Service began collaborating on an effort to remove up to five dams as part of a long-term project to restore connectivity to the Moosup River, prized trout-fishing stream in the Town of Plainfield. Princeton Hydro was contracted with RiverLogic Solutions to provide design-build and permitting services. As part of this larger effort, the most downstream barrier, Hale Factory Dam, was removed in 2014. The remnants of the toppled Griswold Rubber Dam (approximately 2 miles upstream) were removed in 2015. The removal of Brunswick Mill Dam #1 (approximately 0.75 miles upstream) was completed in 2017. Princeton Hydro developed a design-build approach for the project in collaboration with RiverLogic Solutions, a contractor highly specialized in the removal of dams. Princeton Hydro prepared design plans and project permitting, as well as supervised construction for the three dams. RiverLogic Solutions provided design and constructability input, and the construction services to remove each dam. Princeton Hydro proposed a low-cost, low-impact approach to the removal of the Hale Factory Dam that involved the full removal of the structure, the re-use of boulders from the dam for random in-channel placement to enhance aquatic habitat, and the passive recovery of the channel. Griswold Rubber Factory Dam Removal involved the demolition and removal of concrete slabs and the creation of a natural gravel/cobble riffle coupled to the existing pools upstream and downstream of the former spillway to provide enhanced fish habitat. In addition to restoring aquatic organism passage, the Brunswick Mill Dam #1 removal, also provided for removal of a large floodplain constriction and a public safety hazard, and stabilization of an eroding bank. While dam removal is becoming a more common mode of restoring rivers, efforts like this – to remove multiple barriers on a single river – are rare. When clustered on a single river, the ecological benefits to restoring aquatic organism passage and enhancing aquatic habitat are substantially magnified. [post_title] => Moosup River Dam Removals [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => closed [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => moosup-river-dam-removals [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2026-01-12 22:07:09 [post_modified_gmt] => 2026-01-12 22:07:09 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?post_type=project&p=19065 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => project [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [2] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 19061 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2026-01-12 21:50:23 [post_date_gmt] => 2026-01-12 21:50:23 [post_content] => From 2001 through 2002 Princeton Hydro collected the necessary field data such as in-situ, bathymetric, and discrete (both water and sediment), and also delineated and modeled the hydrologic and nutrient loads of the watershed for four (4) New Jersey state park lakes: Round Valley swimming area, Lake Absegami, Host Lake, and Hook Creek Lake. This data was then compiled and computed to prepare a Management Plan for each of the individual lakes. [gallery link="none" size="medium" ids="19062,19063,19064"] The plans provided specific objectives and recommendations for the short and long-term management of each Lake and its watershed. Both in-lake and watershed management techniques were provided in the plan. In-lake techniques tended to focus on symptomatic problems such as algal blooms and the accumulation of sediments, while watershed techniques tended to focus on reducing pollutant loads through the use of structural and non-structural Best Management Practices (BMPs) and Green Infrastructure (GI) techniques. The management techniques were priority ranked, with these rankings being dependent upon applicability, regulatory constraints, technical feasibility, degree of effectiveness, initial implementation costs, and operations and maintenance costs. In-lake restoration techniques were designed to improve the water quality and/or aesthetics of the waterbody by alleviating the specific impacts of pollution. Although these measures typically provide only short-term relief without controlling the source of the pollutants, they can substantially improve the aesthetics of a lake while the long-term, watershed-based management practices are being implemented. In contrast to in-lake restoration techniques, watershed-based techniques focused on the causes of eutrophication rather than the effects. Watershed techniques were not as visible as in-lake techniques and tended to take more time to produce their desired results. However, they were absolutely vital in reducing the pollutant load, as well as producing and sustaining long-term improvements in surface water quality for each of the lakes. [post_title] => New Jersey State Park - Diagnostic Feasibility Lake Studies [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => closed [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => new-jersey-state-park-diagnostic-feasibility-lake-studies [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2026-01-12 21:52:34 [post_modified_gmt] => 2026-01-12 21:52:34 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?post_type=project&p=19061 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => project [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [3] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 18610 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2025-11-05 14:49:39 [post_date_gmt] => 2025-11-05 14:49:39 [post_content] => The Anchor QEA–Princeton Hydro team was selected by Audubon New York (and its partners Save the Sound and New York State Parks) to design the restoration and enhancement of an approximately 400-acre tidal marsh on the north-central coast of Long Island. The marsh has experienced restricted tidal flow since an earthen berm was breached in 2012 during Superstorm Sandy. The restricted tidal flow led to marsh degradation, which converted portions of the former salt marsh to brackish and freshwater marsh. The lack of tidal flushing also enabled invasive Phragmites australis to establish and spread within the marsh system. Design goals included:
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New York District (USACE), in partnership with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP), conducted a comprehensive study to identify ecosystem restoration and flood-damage-reduction solutions for the Millstone River Basin in New Jersey. Project stakeholders included the U.S. Geological Survey, the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Mercer and Middlesex Counties, Princeton University, and the Stony Brook–Millstone Watershed Association.
During the study, Carnegie Lake, a freshwater impoundment of the Millstone River located in Mercer and Middlesex Counties, was identified as a significant natural resource within the watershed. As the project’s lead agency, USACE contracted Princeton Hydro to develop a detailed lake and watershed restoration plan for Carnegie Lake.
The Carnegie Lake and Watershed Restoration Plan focused on three primary objectives. First, it involved collecting a wide range of site‑specific in‑lake and watershed data. Second, it quantified the hydrologic and non‑point‑source pollutant budgets for the lake, including total suspended solids and the nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus. Third, it used the findings from the first two objectives to develop a comprehensive lake and watershed restoration plan.
The first objective was completed in 2003, during which extensive data were collected throughout the growing season. A major component of this effort was a detailed bathymetric survey that measured water depths and the volume of unconsolidated sediments. Additional tasks included collecting physical, chemical, and biological in‑lake data; conducting macrophyte and fisheries surveys; and collecting and analyzing baseline and stormwater samples.
Hydrologic and pollutant budgets for Carnegie Lake and its watershed were then developed using standardized and widely accepted models calibrated with the collected baseline and stormwater data. These budgets informed water‑quality models used to predict in‑lake conditions under various climatic and pollutant‑loading scenarios. All water‑quality and watershed data, along with model results, were used to evaluate and prioritize feasible, cost‑effective in‑lake and watershed management techniques aimed at improving water quality and reducing pollutant loads.
The project was finalized in March 2005.
In 2013, American Rivers, CTDEEP Fisheries, and Natural Resources Conservation Service began collaborating on an effort to remove up to five dams as part of a long-term project to restore connectivity to the Moosup River, prized trout-fishing stream in the Town of Plainfield. Princeton Hydro was contracted with RiverLogic Solutions to provide design-build and permitting services.
As part of this larger effort, the most downstream barrier, Hale Factory Dam, was removed in 2014. The remnants of the toppled Griswold Rubber Dam (approximately 2 miles upstream) were removed in 2015. The removal of Brunswick Mill Dam #1 (approximately 0.75 miles upstream) was completed in 2017.
Princeton Hydro developed a design-build approach for the project in collaboration with RiverLogic Solutions, a contractor highly specialized in the removal of dams. Princeton Hydro prepared design plans and project permitting, as well as supervised construction for the three dams. RiverLogic Solutions provided design and constructability input, and the construction services to remove each dam.
Princeton Hydro proposed a low-cost, low-impact approach to the removal of the Hale Factory Dam that involved the full removal of the structure, the re-use of boulders from the dam for random in-channel placement to enhance aquatic habitat, and the passive recovery of the channel. Griswold Rubber Factory Dam Removal involved the demolition and removal of concrete slabs and the creation of a natural gravel/cobble riffle coupled to the existing pools upstream and downstream of the former spillway to provide enhanced fish habitat. In addition to restoring aquatic organism passage, the Brunswick Mill Dam #1 removal, also provided for removal of a large floodplain constriction and a public safety hazard, and stabilization of an eroding bank.
While dam removal is becoming a more common mode of restoring rivers, efforts like this – to remove multiple barriers on a single river – are rare. When clustered on a single river, the ecological benefits to restoring aquatic organism passage and enhancing aquatic habitat are substantially magnified.
From 2001 through 2002 Princeton Hydro collected the necessary field data such as in-situ, bathymetric, and discrete (both water and sediment), and also delineated and modeled the hydrologic and nutrient loads of the watershed for four (4) New Jersey state park lakes: Round Valley swimming area, Lake Absegami, Host Lake, and Hook Creek Lake. This data was then compiled and computed to prepare a Management Plan for each of the individual lakes.
The plans provided specific objectives and recommendations for the short and long-term management of each Lake and its watershed. Both in-lake and watershed management techniques were provided in the plan. In-lake techniques tended to focus on symptomatic problems such as algal blooms and the accumulation of sediments, while watershed techniques tended to focus on reducing pollutant loads through the use of structural and non-structural Best Management Practices (BMPs) and Green Infrastructure (GI) techniques. The management techniques were priority ranked, with these rankings being dependent upon applicability, regulatory constraints, technical feasibility, degree of effectiveness, initial implementation costs, and operations and maintenance costs.
In-lake restoration techniques were designed to improve the water quality and/or aesthetics of the waterbody by alleviating the specific impacts of pollution. Although these measures typically provide only short-term relief without controlling the source of the pollutants, they can substantially improve the aesthetics of a lake while the long-term, watershed-based management practices are being implemented.
In contrast to in-lake restoration techniques, watershed-based techniques focused on the causes of eutrophication rather than the effects. Watershed techniques were not as visible as in-lake techniques and tended to take more time to produce their desired results. However, they were absolutely vital in reducing the pollutant load, as well as producing and sustaining long-term improvements in surface water quality for each of the lakes.
The Anchor QEA–Princeton Hydro team was selected by Audubon New York (and its partners Save the Sound and New York State Parks) to design the restoration and enhancement of an approximately 400-acre tidal marsh on the north-central coast of Long Island. The marsh has experienced restricted tidal flow since an earthen berm was breached in 2012 during Superstorm Sandy. The restricted tidal flow led to marsh degradation, which converted portions of the former salt marsh to brackish and freshwater marsh. The lack of tidal flushing also enabled invasive Phragmites australis to establish and spread within the marsh system.
The Anchor QEA–Princeton Hydro team developed 60% Designs, including design drawings, a cost estimate, a long-term management plan, and a QAPP. The project design includes dredging approximately 15,000 cubic yards of material from Sunken Meadow Creek and thin layer placement of dredged material onto adjacent marsh cells to develop low and high marsh footprints; treating approximately 20 acres of Phragmites australis and phased replanting the areas with native species; creating approximately 2,000 linear feet of channels in the marsh and improving approximately 8,500 linear feet of existing channels to enhance drainage and tidal flushing; creating tidal pools and installing anchored rootwads to promote habitat diversity; modifying existing culverts within the primary flow channel through the marsh; and planting within the high and low salt marsh footprints.
Princeton Hydro has partnered with Wildlands Conservancy for over a decade on multiple dam removals in the Lehigh River Valley. Our firm designed and permitted the removal of eight consecutive barriers on Jordan Creek, including three consecutive low-head dams. We also designed and permitted two low-head dams on Little Lehigh Creek. Collectively, these dam removal projects reconnected miles of river, enhanced aquatic habitat, and improved adjacent parkland and recreational fishing in the economically-stressed, urban communities of Allentown, PA.
Building upon the successes of the barrier removals on Jordan and Little Lehigh Creeks, Princeton Hydro partnered with the Wildlands Conservancy again in 2018 to remove a combination of four privately and publicly owned dams on Bushkill Creek in Easton, PA. The dam removal projects served as a model for landowners and municipalities regarding the need for future dam removals throughout the Delaware and Lehigh Valley Watersheds.
Having been restored to its natural, free-flowing state in Fall 2024, the barrier removals were part a larger, watershed-wide effort to improve aquatic connectivity, fisheries, and benthic macro-invertebrate and wildlife habitats. The projects restored fish passage, reduced nonpoint source pollution, improved water quality, and restored capacity for groundwater recharge, as well as stabilized and restored the stream’s channels and banks.
As part of the barrier removal projects, Princeton Hydro:
Along the Third River and Spring Brook, two freshwater tributaries of the Passaic River, a highly disturbed, flood-prone former industrial site, were transformed into a thriving public park allowing for both passive and active recreational activities. By removing a little over four acres of upland historic fill in this densely developed area and converting it into 4.2 acres of a functioning floodplain wetland, the project restored valuable ecological functions, enhances wetland and riparian zone habitat, and increases flood storage capacity for urban stormwater runoff.
Princeton Hydro served as the ecological engineer to Bloomfield Township. Our scientists and engineers played a crucial role in this important urban wetland creation project by assisting in obtaining grant acquisition, collecting background ecological data through field sampling and surveying, developing a water budget, completing all necessary permitting, designing both the conceptual and final restoration plans, and conducting construction oversight during implementation.
The site includes 1,360 feet along the east bank of the Third River and 3,040 feet along the banks of the Spring Brook. These waterways are freshwater tributaries of the Passaic River and share a history of flooding above the site’s 100-year floodplain. The Third River, like many urban streams, tends to be the victim of excessive volume and is subjected to erosion and chronic, uncontrolled flooding. This green infrastructure project re-established the natural floodplain wetland and riparian plant communities, which led to a species-rich forest community through the removal of invasive species, setting the stage for native plants.
Over 500 trees and shrubs were planted in the new wetland, with additional trees and shrubs planted along Lion Gate Drive and in existing woodlands. The selected native plant species all provide important wildlife value, such as providing fruit for migratory birds. Phase One of the project, which includes the wetland construction and plantings, was completed in April 2020. The sports fields and playground were completed in June 2021 and are now open to the public.
For this project’s design and construction, Bloomfield Township, Strauss and Associates, ARH, and Princeton Hydro secured $1.76 million in funding from the New Jersey Freshwater Wetlands Mitigation Council and several million more from NJDEP’s Office of Natural Resource Restoration. Acquisition of part of the property was funded by New Jersey Green Acres.
The Ousatonic Fish and Game Protective Association, Inc., in partnership with the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection’s Inland Fisheries Division, sought to remove the Papermill Pond Dam on the East Aspetuck River to restore fish habitat formerly exceptional in quality for trout, facilitate fish passage through the site, and improve accessibility and functionality for people to engage in outdoor activities at the site in order to foster deeper stewardship ethic for the watershed.
The Papermill Pond Dam, located in New Milford, is an embankment dam situated on the East Aspetuck River. It is located 2.9 miles upstream of the confluence with the Housatonic River and is the first barrier on the East Aspetuck River. The spillway is concrete capped with masonry core. It has an approximate structural height of 11 feet and length of 75 feet.
The following alternatives were analyzed: 1) no action; 2) fishway bypass channel around dam; 3) technical fishway at dam; 4) dam lowering with fishway at dam; 5) river bypass and off-line pond; and, 6) full removal. Conceptual designs were developed for each alternative. Each alternative was analyzed and rated numerically relative to twelve categories: river morphology, aquatic resources (fisheries, macroinvertebrates, water quality), recreation, historic resources, flooding, relative liability, relative short-term costs, relative long-term costs, availability of funds, and anticipated permitability. Dam removal ranked as the most feasible alternative, but dam repair stood out as the best option for maintaining the existing ease of recreational access. That alternative necessitated dam repair, ongoing maintenance and inspection, both short-term and long-term sediment dredging, and construction of a fish bypass channel. The Association considered the alternatives and decided to pursue full dam removal.
Based on negotiations with CTDEEP that considered impacts to downstream habitats and other applicable regulations, the resulting recommendation was to remove a portion of the impounded sediment prior to passive release of the remaining impounded sediment, regardless of potential contamination. This minimized transitory sediment deposition in downstream habitats, thereby reducing the short-term impacts of the project. Thus, sediment proximal to the dam is proposed to be excavated and permanently deposited in upland areas onsite.
The dam was successfully removed in 2019 under supervision of CTDEEP Fisheries Division and Princeton Hydro.
The Arrowhead Lake Community Association, Inc. (ALCA), located in Pocono Lake, Pennsylvania, recognized that the twin corrugated metal culverts passing over Trout Creek were failing. Owassa Drive crosses the culverts and is a primary access for many of the Arrowhead Lake homeowners.
The drainage area to the crossing is nine square miles. Just upstream of the crossing, a dam impounding Brady’s Lake was breached due to the deterioration of the dam. The loss of the Brady’s Lake dam exacerbated the culverts’ deterioration. Another contributing factor to the metal pipe deterioration was the natural low pH (acidic) of the soil and water and the original inadequate backfill technique and materials.
Princeton Hydro analyzed the watershed and determined the hydraulic conditions of the existing culvert as well as a host of replacement options. The ALCA selected a Con-Span culvert with natural bottom due to the capacity, environmental benefits, cost and aesthetics. A geotechnical investigation yielded data on the existing backfill and helped determine that replacement of this material was justified. Field survey was conducted to design the culvert replacement supplemented by an aerial survey of the community. Princeton Hydro permitted the project and construction was completed in June of 2005. Princeton Hydro provided construction administration and oversight during the completion of the culvert replacement.
Princeton Hydro was part of a two-firm team tasked with the completion of Phase II detail scour analyses for the New Jersey Turnpike Authority (NJTA), a major state-wide transportation authority. Princeton Hydro was specifically tasked with the completion of scour analyses for 13 individual major highway bridges. These bridges were distributed throughout the state and included structures in both the coastal plain and piedmont physiographic provinces. The road crossings at the focus of the study range from single lane exit ramps to five-lane single direction major highways. The average daily traffic load of combined 13 road crossings which were studied is 1.3 million vehicles per day.
The detailed Phase II studies were conducted on structures which were previously identified during separate Phase I scour investigations and Biennial Bridge Inspection Reports. Inspections and investigations ultimately either confirmed the existing Federal Highway Authority Structure Inventory and Appraisal of the Nation’s Bridges (SI&A) codes including Items 61 (Channel and Channel Protection), Item 71 (Waterway Adequacy) and Item 113 (Scour Critical Bridges).
Princeton Hydro provided a wide range of services as it related to the scour assessments. These services included field inspection service planning and logistics as well and watercraft access to bridge structures. In-field engineering inspections of bridge structures with a focus on scour were also completed for the 13 structures. These inspections included the collection of photographs of the bridge and surrounding channel conditions as well as the collection of representative soil samples.
The soil samples were then delivered to our in-house soil laboratory, which is accredited under the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Accreditation Program (AAP), for analysis with the results of the soil analyses being applied in the scour analysis hydraulic calculations.
Our engineering services included a detailed review of previous documentation for each bridge including original as-built drawing, previous inspection reports, and other National Bridge Inspection Standards (NBIS) reporting. The Phase II detailed scour analysis also included a hydrologic analysis for each road crossing with consequent hydraulic modeling of the bridge structure and stream channel being performed in HEC-RAS. Results from HEC-RAS were then used to conduct additional scour analysis in the Federal Highway Administration Hydraulic Toolbox.
Over 40 years ago, Mercer County purchased 279 acres of flood-prone land along Miry Run as part of a restoration and flood mitigation initiative. In 2018, Mercer County Park Commission (MCPC) contracted Princeton Hydro and Simone Collins Landscape Architecture to develop the Miry Run Ponds Master Plan with three primary goals: (1) Provide passive recreation to complement other County activities; (2) Preserve and enhance the habitat, water quality, and natural systems that currently exist onsite; and (3) Provide linkage to adjacent trails and parks.
The team assessed the land area and proposed a concept plan to enhance the area and create recreational lake activities. Applying expertise in science-based assessment and evaluations, we performed:
Our project team facilitated focus groups with local municipalities, residents, interest groups, and County stakeholders to seek their input and report on site evaluation findings. In partnership with the County, we held public meetings to gather feedback on the conceptual site designs. This helped to inform the park planning process and determine how best to manage the site to meet the needs of the community and future generations.
The final Miry Run Pond Master Plan goes above and beyond the original vision, proposing considerable improvements to the area prioritizing valuable natural features, including 34 acres of reforestation, 64 acres of new meadows, 19 acres of vernal pools, and 7.9 miles of walking trails. It serves as a long-term vision and will be implemented over multiple phases. Dredging of the lake began in 2023.
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