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Mercer County Park, spanning over 2,500 acres across the Townships of West Windsor, Hamilton, and Lawrence, is a treasured natural resource. Like many waterbodies throughout New Jersey, some of the lakes within Mercer County Park have been increasingly affected by harmful algal blooms (HABs) in recent years. In response to the growing frequency, duration, and severity of these blooms, the Mercer County Park Commission (MCPC) has intensified its efforts to enhance the overall health of its lakes.
To address these challenges, the County of Mercer tasked the MCPC with developing a comprehensive Lake and Watershed Management Plan. The ultimate goal is to ensure the health, stability, and sustainability of the park's aquatic ecosystems, thereby enhancing the recreational experience for park users. In this endeavor, the MCPC has partnered with Princeton Hydro to bridge gaps in the existing data and create a thorough management plan.
The plan documents the current conditions of waterbodies within the park, including Mercer Lake, which is the largest, and its surrounding watershed; identifies and prioritizes existing and potential water quality challenges; and provides targeted recommendations for treatment and restoration.
Princeton Hydro conducted a detailed analysis of the lakes' ecological health, including water quality monitoring, bathymetric mapping, and assessment of hydrologic and pollutant budgets. These comprehensive efforts have culminated in a robust management plan designed to protect and improve the lakes' ecological balance and recreational value.
While Mercer Lake is a key focus, Princeton Hydro's commitment extends beyond this single waterbody. Recognizing the interconnected nature of the county's aquatic ecosystems, the team conducted similar analysis and developed Lake and Watershed Management Plans for three additional lakes in other parks within Mercer County.
Each of these lakes, like Mercer Lake, faces unique challenges related to maintaining water quality, protecting ecological balance, and mitigating HABs. By applying a comprehensive approach tailored to the specific conditions and needs of each lake, Princeton Hydro aims to enhance the overall health of these vital resources.
Let's dive into the details of Mercer Lake's plan!
The first crucial step in developing Mercer County Park's comprehensive lake management plan involved a thorough review of historical data obtained from various sources, including the County, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP), New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT), and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). This review was essential for capitalizing on established water quality trends, identifying recurring problems, and evaluating the success of previous restoration efforts.
The historical data review spanned an impressive range of years from 1963 to 2016, though it did contain some significant gaps. Despite these gaps, the long-term data provided invaluable insights into the lake's ecological history. By integrating reliable data from past studies, the team could complement their field efforts with supplemental information.
Princeton Hydro examined data on Mercer Lake, a key focus of the management plan initiative, and on all streams within each watershed that feed into the lake. This included any available surface water data from the USGS, a standard approach in aquatic system studies. By analyzing these data, the team identified trends in water quality, highlighted persistent issues, and assessed the effectiveness of past restoration efforts.
This comprehensive historical data review set the stage for a robust watershed assessment, ensuring that the management plan would be informed by a solid foundation of past knowledge.
A bathymetric survey is a scientific method used to map the depths and topography of waterbodies, providing detailed information about the underwater terrain and the distribution of sediments. This survey is crucial for understanding various aspects of a lake's ecosystem, including sediment thickness, water volume, and potential areas for dredging. The data gathered from a bathymetric survey helps in making informed decisions regarding the restoration and protection of lakes.
Princeton Hydro conducted the bathymetric survey using a calibrated sounding rod for shallow areas and a dual-frequency echo sounder with GPS for deeper regions. The sounding rod was employed in areas with water depths of 12 inches or less and where sediment composition hindered echo sounding. The echo sounder, a Knudsen Engineering model 1612, used high and low frequencies to distinguish the top and bottom of sediment layers. Data points were collected along predetermined transects spaced 150 feet apart, running from shoreline to shoreline in a north-south direction.
Once fieldwork was completed, the collected data was processed using Hypack Max software. This involved editing the raw sounder data to correct errors such as double reflections and interference from aquatic vegetation. The cleaned data was exported to ArcGIS for further analysis and mapping.
The results of the bathymetric survey revealed that Mercer Lake, a key focus of the lake management plan, covers a surface area of approximately 287 acres and is primarily an oval-shaped impoundment. The lake receives inflow from Assunpink Creek and its tributaries and discharges water westward, eventually reaching the Delaware River, Delaware Bay, and the Atlantic Ocean.
Mercer Lake was found to be relatively shallow, with a mean depth of 8.9 feet and a maximum depth of 18.5 feet. The total volume of water in the lake was estimated at around 2,560 acre-feet, or 834.2 million gallons. The survey also indicated significant sediment deposition in the eastern portion of the lake, with a total sediment volume of approximately 855,325 cubic yards. This pattern is likely due to the lake's role as a settling area for sediment carried by tributary inflows and stormwater discharges, which transport debris, leaf litter, and other materials into the lake.
Below is an image of the Bathymetric Survey that provides a detailed view of the sediment thickness contours measured in feet throughout Mercer Lake:
By establishing a detailed understanding of Mercer Lake's depth and sediment distribution, the bathymetric survey provides a robust foundation for the comprehensive lake management plan, informing long-term management decisions. The bathymetric data collected is also essential for evaluating the need for dredging, understanding aquatic plant colonization patterns, and predicting the lake's response to incoming nutrients, helping to guide restoration and protection efforts.
Hydrologic and Pollutant Loading Analysis is crucial for identifying the sources and impacts of pollutants entering a waterbody. It involves delineating watersheds, assessing hydrologic data, and evaluating nutrient loads.
For Mercer Lake, Princeton Hydro conducted an extensive analysis using tools such as USGS StreamStats and Stroud Research Center’s Model My Watershed®. This study provided a detailed understanding of the water and pollutant dynamics within the Mercer Lake watershed. The map below offers an aerial view of the watershed, illustrating the various types of land cover present within the area:
Runoff varied considerably between different sub-watersheds due to factors like land cover types, land-use consumption, impervious surfaces, and topography. Variations in elevation change also determine the impact runoff has on soil erosion, with steeper slopes causing higher erosion rates, especially if little vegetation is present. The chart below shows the various types of soil coverage in areas throughout the Mercer Lake watershed:
Princeton Hydro also assessed other pollutant sources, including groundwater seepage, streambank erosion, and contributions from residential septic systems. Additionally, the impact of waterfowl, particularly Canada Goose, was evaluated using nutrient loading coefficients. The presence of these birds significantly contributes to phosphorus and nitrogen levels.
The hydrologic budget, representing the water balance of the lake, was calculated by considering inputs such as direct precipitation, overland runoff, tributary inflow, and groundwater seepage. This data is vital for conducting trophic state analyses and determining the feasibility of various in-lake restoration techniques. Internal loading of phosphorus, which occurs when anoxic conditions in the lake's bottom sediments release bound phosphorus into the water, was also analyzed.
Results of the analysis revealed that Mercer Lake, covering 287.1 acres, is influenced by a watershed area of 20,551.4 acres, predominantly consisting of cropland and forested areas. The lake's shallow nature coupled with significant sediment deposition in the eastern portion, underscores the importance of managing both external and internal nutrient loads.
Understanding the hydrologic and pollutant dynamics through this detailed analysis allows for the development of a lake management plan that helps to prioritize management efforts, target the primary sources of pollution, and effectively address HABs.
Monitoring water quality is essential for understanding the existing chemistry of a lake, identifying trends, pinpointing problems, and assessing nutrient levels. It provides critical data that informs management decisions and helps maintain the health and stability of aquatic ecosystems.
For Mercer Lake, Princeton Hydro conducted thorough water quality monitoring from 2021 to 2023. This involved analyzing in-situ, discrete, and plankton data collected over three growing seasons. The monitoring focused on various parameters, including hypolimnetic anoxia and associated phosphorus dynamics, which are key contributors to HABs. The data collected offered a current assessment of the lake’s trophic state and plankton community, providing a baseline to document shifts in water quality in response to future management measures.
The Princeton Hydro team performed 13 sampling events at two consistent stations in Mercer Lake: a deep water station near the dam (ML-1) and a mid-lake station (ML-2). Various parameters were monitored, including water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, specific conductivity, chlorophyll a, and phycocyanin, using an In-Situ AquaTROLL 500 meter.
Water samples were collected at both in-lake stations at the surface (0.5 meters) and near the bottom (0.5 meters above the sediment) using a Van Dorn water sampler. Samples were preserved appropriately and transported to the NJDEP-certified laboratory Environmental Compliance Monitoring (ECM) for analysis. The samples were analyzed for total phosphorus (TP), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), nitrate-N, nitrite-N, ammonia-N, total suspended solids (TSS), and turbidity. Surface samples were also analyzed for alkalinity, chloride, and hardness.
Additionally, samples were collected for zooplankton and phytoplankton analysis, including species composition, dominant organisms, and relative density. Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) genera were quantified to estimate cell counts, providing an approximate concentration of cyanobacteria cells per milliliter of water. Samples were also analyzed for the cyanotoxin microcystins using the Abraxis field testing methodology.
The team also evaluated local climatic conditions during the 2021 - 2023 seasons compared to the long-term average. These conditions, including temperature and precipitation, can have significant effects on water quality. The combination of increased precipitation and an increase in temperatures sets the stage for HABs proliferation. The charts below the monthly mean temperatures and monthly precipitation from 2021 – 2023 and the 30-year average; ‘normal’ refers to the monthly average over the 30-year period from 1991 – 2020.
The Water Quality Monitoring analysis revealed several key insights about Mercer Lake's water quality, and indicated that cropland runoff was the most significant source of phosphorus, a key driver of HABs. Hypolimnetic anoxia (the bottom layer of the lake becomes devoid of oxygen) was observed during all three field sampling seasons, contributing to internal phosphorus loading. The water quality monitoring also provided valuable information on the lake’s trophic state and plankton community.
Trophic State Modeling is a method used to assess the productivity of a lake by measuring the levels of nutrients, such as phosphorus, and the resulting biological activity. This assessment helps determine the lake's overall health and informs management strategies. The Trophic State Index (TSI) is a common tool used in this process, calculating index values based on phosphorus concentrations, chlorophyll a levels, and Secchi depths.
For MCPC, Princeton Hydro, utilizing data collected in the field and through lake and watershed modeling, estimated the nutrient status and biological activity of Mercer Lake. Here are a few examples of the models the team utilized:
By leveraging these sophisticated models, Princeton Hydro was able to gain a detailed understanding of Mercer Lake's nutrient dynamics and productivity. Many models were run twice: once for the watershed-based phosphorus load and once for the total combined load. This allowed for a comprehensive assessment of both external and internal nutrient contributions.
To mitigate pollutant loading issues, the Lake and Watershed Management plan outlines a series of Best Management Practices (BMPs) recommendations for implementation throughout the watershed, which include bioretention systems, wetland buffers, riparian buffers, and lakefront aquascaping. Such measures are designed to reduce nutrient loads, improve water quality, and enhance the overall ecological health of the lake and its watershed. By addressing the root causes of nutrient loading and implementing targeted management strategies, the MCPC is continuing their commitment to providing a sustainable and enjoyable recreational experience for park users while safeguarding the lake's ecological integrity.
Stay tuned for more updates as we continue to work with the MCPC on implementing the Mercer Lake and Watershed Management Plan, ensuring the watershed remains a vibrant and healthy resource for generations to come.
Regional watershed planning is crucial for maintaining the health and sustainability of interconnected waterbodies. By considering entire watersheds rather than individual lakes, we can develop more effective and comprehensive strategies to manage water quality, control pollution, and enhance ecological resilience. This holistic approach ensures that all elements within the watershed are addressed, leading to more long-lasting improvements.
Princeton Hydro’s efforts in developing and implementing management plans for Mercer Lake, Curlis Lake, Rosedale Lake, and Spring Lake demonstrate the power of coordinated, science-based planning. By leveraging detailed data and advanced modeling techniques, our team is able to create tailored solutions that meet the specific needs of each lake while contributing to the overall health of the region's aquatic ecosystems.
To read about another project we’re working on in Mercer County, check out our blog about Miry Run Dam Site 21. Through a blend of engineering and ecological enhancements, we are working with MCPC to revitalize 279 acres. With each phase, we edge closer to a vibrant, inclusive space that harmonizes nature and community.
The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) launched its fourth annual Youth Inclusion Initiative. The program hopes to enrich young participants, who may not have the opportunity to explore open spaces in their community, with hands-on environmental field experience under the tutelage of NJDEP professionals and mentors.
This year’s participants consisted of youths from several different community-based organizations. These partners include Neighborhood Improvement Association (Trenton), Rutgers-Camden, The Work Group (Camden), Ranch Hope (Salem), Boys and Girls Club of Garfield, Groundwork Elizabeth, Ironbound Community Corporation (Newark), and United Community Corporation (Newark).
Over six weeks, eight community organizations guided participants as they engaged with professionals to explore careers in water and air monitoring, natural resource management, wildlife conservation, and other related fields. Additionally, a new component of the program introduces "community project days," where participants actively contribute to environmental projects within their neighborhoods. These projects enable participants to make a positive impact on their communities, fostering a sense of civic pride and environmental stewardship. Activities may include park cleanups, installing educational exhibits, and establishing community gardens.
The program has been expanded to include a full day of rehearsal, with a focus on public speaking abilities and mock interviews, regarded as integral components of professional development. Throughout the summer, participants will engage in resume and cover letter writing sessions and attend presentations led by guest speakers.
In addition to fostering personal and professional growth, participants devoted a substantial amount of their time to honing technical skills through hands-on activities. These activities included simulating environmental impact investigations, collecting macroinvertebrates from a stream to gauge water quality, interacting with fish at a state trout hatchery, and designing a park in collaboration with Green Acres staff. To further enrich their understanding, the program also incorporates a visit to the regional headquarters of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
As part of this initiative for the third year in a row, the NJDEP's Division of Land Resource Protection Mitigation Unit invited Princeton Hydro and Mercer County Park Commission to host three sessions at John A. Roebling Park. Under the guidance of Princeton Hydro mentors Mark Gallagher, Dana Patterson Grear, and Mike McGraw, the team educated young participants about invasive species and the importance of restoring native landscapes. The initiative exposed attendees to the varied roles of environmental scientists, water resource engineers, geologists, restoration ecologists, wildlife biologist, pesticide applicators, regulatory compliance specialists, and communications professionals, thereby enhancing their understanding of these professions and sparking a fascination for the natural world.
The program began at Tulpehaking Nature Center like in previous years. After representatives from Mercer County Park Commission and Friends of the Abbott Marshlands introduced the site's history, Princeton Hydro discussed career opportunities in conservation and gave a brief overview of ongoing restoration efforts in the park to eliminate the invasive Common Reed (Phragmites australis), and NJDEP representative, Jessica Klein, gave a presentation about her work in wetland mitigation.
Before venturing into the Abbott Marshlands, the northernmost freshwater tidal wetlands along the Delaware River, the Princeton Hydro team conducted a health and safety briefing. They highlighted potential risks and exposures to ensure everyone's awareness. This briefing is a crucial part of prioritizing the safety of all participants in our work.
Shortly after setting out on the road to the site, the students received an additional lesson. Mark directed their attention to a nearby tree where poison ivy - a native plant - had stealthily climbed up the trunk. To their surprise, the young participants had mistaken the trailing vines for branches of the tree. This observation highlighted the remarkable ability of poison ivy to adapt to its surroundings, finding innovative ways to persist and thrive in its environment.
As the second group continued their journey down the path, they encountered a Fowler’s toad. Initially, its slippery texture startled them, but they quickly realized the frog's harmless nature. Through gentle pats on its head, they gained a newfound appreciation for these fascinating creatures, transforming their initial fear into a sense of wonder and respect.
Venturing through the marshland, the young explorers gained insights into wetland delineation. They witnessed the fascinating process of using a hand auger and a Munsell Soil Color Book to identify and understand the unique characteristics of wetland soils. In a delightful exploration of local flora, participants delved into the art of species identification using a specialized field guide. They learned to distinguish invasive plant species from their native counterparts, such as sensitive fern, which they were able to see during a short nature walk on a trail back to the nature center.
In a seemingly unremarkable area of the riverbank, the third group stumbled upon a startling discovery. Amidst the lush vegetation, a highly toxic plant known as poison hemlock flourished. The students were taken aback by its presence in an otherwise ordinary location. They had never encountered such a hazardous plant in their previous studies. The poison hemlock, with its delicate white flowers and feathery leaves, belied its deadly nature. The students were captivated by its beauty, but the instructors cautioned them against touching.
The encounter with poison hemlock and poison ivy served as a valuable lesson for the students. They realized that even in seemingly ordinary places, hidden dangers could lurk. They developed a newfound respect for the power of nature and the importance of exercising caution when exploring unfamiliar environments.
Ending the day, participants from the first group had the privilege of attending a lesson conducted by Wildlife Biologist Mike McGraw. With the assistance of the Nature Center's resident corn snake, Mike introduced the students to the fascinating world of reptiles. Overcoming their initial apprehension towards these slithery creatures, the students discovered that there was much more to snakes than they had previously imagined. Mike dispelled common misconceptions and fears, explaining that snakes are not inherently dangerous creatures but rather play a vital role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems.
The NJDEP Youth Inclusion Initiative began on July 8 and culminated on August 16 with a graduation and NJDEP Career Day where students had the opportunity to meet and discuss career options with various organizations who tabled at the event, including Princeton Hydro.
To learn more about the NJDEP education program, click here. If you’re interested in learning more about Princeton Hydro’s ecological restoration services, click here.
In this event spotlight, we're excited to highlight a range of upcoming gatherings that offer valuable opportunities for learning, networking, and professional development. From innovative symposia to community celebrations, these events promise to provide insights, connections, and inspiration. Read on to discover the diverse range of events and learn how to get involved.
Explore the rich biodiversity, ecological significance, and cultural heritage of Eastern native grasslands at the 13th Annual Eastern Native Grasslands Symposium in Philadelphia, PA. Through engaging presentations, insightful discussions, and hands-on workshops, this event offers a unique opportunity to deepen your understanding of these vital ecosystems. Geoffrey M. Goll, PE will be presenting on the "The Future of Coastal Resiliency." Mark your calendars and be sure to visit the Princeton Hydro exhibit booth.
Join FoHVOS for their annual Fundraising Gala, “A Toast to Trails,” held at Glenmoore Farm from 4:00-7:00 PM. This outdoor event will feature local cuisine from Emily’s Cafe & Catering, live music by Dan Kassel and Cicada Killer, and opportunities to connect with fellow conservationists. Celebrate the Valley’s natural heritage and support FoHVOS’s mission to preserve land and protect natural resources while enjoying an evening of community and music.
Calling all nature enthusiasts! Don't miss our Facebook Live presentation on Invasive Species in Your Backyard. Join our scientists, Michael McGraw, CSE, QAWB, ACE, and Jesse Smith as they unravel the impact of these species on your local ecosystem. Learn practical tips and easy-to-follow tricks to identify and effectively manage invasive species, ensuring a flourishing and well-balanced backyard.
Are you ready for a day of adventure and discovery? Join us at the Trenton River Days Fair, a free community event hosted by The Watershed Institute in partnership with the Mercer County Park Commission, Mercer County, ArtWorks, and the City of Trenton! On Saturday, September 21, from 11am to 3pm, South Riverwalk Park will come alive with family-friendly festivities celebrating the history, culture, and recreational joys of the Delaware River. Enjoy canoe and boat rides, live music, hayrides, fly fishing demonstrations, crafts, educational games, and hands-on exhibits. Stop by our booth to play a fun game and get some candy!
The 12th Annual Delaware River Watershed Forum, taking place at Wind Creek in Bethlehem, PA, is a must-attend event for anyone dedicated to protecting the Delaware River Watershed. This two-day conference brings together over 300 watershed advocates, legislators, environmental organizations, and community members. Princeton Hydro is a proud sponsor of this event, which features 25 dynamic sessions, plenary discussions, networking opportunities, and field trip excursions. Princeton Hydro’s Dana Patterson Grear will be presenting on “Free Decision-making Tools for Effective Community Engagement and Progressive Stormwater Management” with colleagues from New Jersey Future and Lake Hopatcong Foundation, and Mike Hartshorne will be presenting on “Community Science for Watershed Protection and Strengthening Partnerships” with representatives from Stroud Water Research Center and Musconetcong Watershed Association. A detailed conference agenda including speakers, learning session and workshop descriptions, meeting room locations, and more will be released in mid-September. Stay tuned!
The 51st annual Environmental Congress, hosted by the Association of New Jersey Environmental Commissions (ANJEC), will take place from 9am - 4pm at Rowan College in Mt. Laurel, NJ. This in-person educational conference, of which Princeton Hydro is a proud Business Supporter, will feature workshops and keynote speakers, including NJDEP Commissioner Shawn LaTourette and NJ State Climatologist David Robinson, covering topics like stormwater management, waste reduction, invasive plants, and renewable energy. The 2024 ANJEC Environmental Achievement Awards and Municipal Officials Leadership Awards will also be presented during the conference. Princeton Hydro is exhibiting and Senior Technical Director of Ecological Services Dr. Fred S. Lubnow is leading a workshop on harmful algal blooms.
Celebrate the 11th annual Fountain Creek Watershed’s Creek Week, Colorado’s largest watershed-wide event. From September 28 to October 6, volunteers are invited to join the effort to clean up trash and debris across creeks, trails, parks, and open spaces, helping to enhance the health of local waterways and support wildlife. Princeton Hydro’s Senior Project Manager in Aquatics Chris Mikolajczyk, CLM, is looking forward to participating in this impactful event. Registration opened August 26; get more info to join in and make a difference.
Get ready for an unforgettable evening as The Watershed Institute celebrates its 75th Anniversary Jubilee with The Watershed FEST on Saturday, October 5, beginning at 6:30pm. The theme, "Reflecting on the Past. Nurturing our Future," sets the tone for a night of celebration and reflection. The evening will start with cocktails and hors d’oeuvres, accompanied by live music. Guests will then enjoy a delicious dinner and dessert, catered by Max Hansen. As the night winds down, gather around the fire pits for s’mores and good company. Dress for this special occasion is semi-formal. The Princeton Hydro team looks forward to celebrating with The Watershed Institute as we honor 75 years of dedication to protecting and restoring New Jersey’s natural environment.
The Watershed Institute and Princeton Hydro invite you to join them on October 4 at 12pm for a "Technical Friday Webinar" focused on "Daylighting Streams: Design and Engineering." This free Zoom event will explore the practice of uncovering and restoring buried watercourses to improve stormwater management, enhance habitats, and mitigate downstream flooding. Moderated by Susan Bristol, The Watershed Institute Municipal Policy Specialist, the webinar features experts Vince Sortman, Biohabitats Senior Fluvial Geomorphologist; Warren T. Byrd, Jr., FASLA, Founding Partner of Nelson Byrd Woltz Landscape Architects & Professor Emeritus, University of Virginia; and Geoffrey M. Goll, PE, President; Founding Principal of Princeton Hydro. Attendees will gain insights into the benefits and challenges of daylighting streams, including considerations for hazard mitigation and maintenance. Don’t miss this opportunity to learn about this innovative approach to revitalizing urban waterways.
Get more info and register.
The 2024 ASLA Conference, the largest annual gathering of landscape architecture and allied professionals, will take place in Washington, D.C. at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center. This landmark conference, themed “Honoring Our Past, Illuminating the Future," includes informative “deep dive” sessions, interactive workshops and field trips, engaging discussions led by experts and innovators, and a world-class EXPO featuring over 275 vendors. The conference is also a time to celebrate the 125-year legacy of the ASLA while setting sights on the future of the ever-evolving field of landscape architecture.
The 2024 Stormwater Symposium, held at Villanova University, promises an engaging two-day event focused on "Emerging Issues in Stormwater Management." Featuring over 60 abstracts, six panels, three keynotes, and various technical sessions, the symposium will explore new research in green stormwater infrastructure and delve into key topics like water quality and quantity, policy, innovative solutions, and community impact. The Symposium, a must-attend for professionals in the Watershed or Water Resources Management sectors, offers opportunities for networking, learning best practices, and engaging with leaders from academia, nonprofits, government, and industry to drive advancements in sustainable stormwater management. Make sure to check out Dana Patterson Grear's poster on "How to Build a Digital Communications Toolkit for Stormwater Management" and stop by the Princeton Hydro table!
Celebrating 25 years of land and water protection, the 6th Annual Northwest New Jersey Rivers Conference will take place at Centenary University in Hackettstown, NJ. Coordinated by the New Jersey Highlands Coalition, this year’s conference will delve into the significance of water through twelve workshops across four tracks: Pollution and its Impacts, Lands and Forest, Working Together, and Unique Projects in Protection and Restoration. Attendees will explore various aspects of water conservation and join discussions on addressing threats to water quality. We are a proud sponsor of this one-day event, which provides a valuable opportunity for learning and networking while contributing to the protection of New Jersey’s vital water resources.
NJAFM returns for its 19th year from October 22-24 in Atlantic City, NJ. This premier event for floodplain management professionals will feature over 50 speakers and numerous sessions focusing on the theme "Partners in Progress: Floodplain Management in New Jersey." Attendees will explore key topics such as advances in flood risk analysis, big data applications, and the importance of collaboration among public and private sectors. Princeton Hydro will be participating in this essential conference, contributing to discussions on enhancing flood hazard mitigation through innovative practices and partnerships.
The 12th U.S. Symposium on Harmful Algae, themed "ONE BLOOM," will explore advancements and solutions in addressing harmful algal blooms (HABs) affecting both freshwater and marine environments. Hosted this year in Portland, Maine, this event will bring together experts from diverse fields to foster a unified approach to HAB science and management and explore innovative solutions to prevent and reduce HABs. Dr. Fred Lubnow, Princeton Hydro Senior Technical Director of Ecological Services and HABs expert is eager to participate in this key symposium, which is expected to draw over 400 attendees, including national representatives and researchers from academia; state, federal, tribal, and municipal governments; the private sector; and watershed organizations.
Discover innovative solutions and strategies at the NALMS 2024 International Symposium, where experts and professionals will gather in South Lake Tahoe, CA, to tackle the complex challenges of managing lakes in a changing climate. Set against the stunning backdrop of one of the world’s deepest and clearest lakes, and themed "Flood & Drought, Fire & Ice: Managing Lakes Under Changing Climates,” NALMS 2024 will address pressing issues like rising surface water temperatures, diminishing snowpack, and the challenges posed by cyanobacteria, wildfires, and microplastics.
Princeton Hydro is proud to be a sponsor, leading a series of insightful workshops and presentations, including:
After 129 years, the Paulina Lake Dam in Warren County is in the final stages of demolition. This project, led by The Nature Conservancy's New Jersey Chapter, is hailed by local advocates as a significant environmental victory. The complete removal of the dam, scheduled from July through September 2024, is the second of three phases of river restoration, and signifies a major milestone in the rehabilitation of the Paulins Kill River, New Jersey’s third-largest tributary to the Delaware River.
On November 24, 2023, a crucial step in the restoration journey was taken with the first notching of the Paulina Dam. This initial step set the stage for the next phase of the dam removal, which is now in full swing. The project, a successful collaboration under the leadership of The Nature Conservancy, funded by NJDEP Division of Fish and Wildlife, and designed and implemented by Princeton Hydro and RiverLogic-Renova Joint Venture, respectively, is progressing toward its goal. The third and final phase will occur in 2025 for adaptive management to complete the finishing touches, including the installation of habitat features to further enhance the biodiversity of this river segment.
Click below to watch a new video showcasing the project's progress. The drone footage captures the project team in action, demolishing the dam, removing sediment upriver, and strategically placing rock check dam to control the flow of sediment as the removal process continues.
Blairstown’s original power source for electricity, the Paulina Lake Dam, located in bucolic Warren County, NJ, has long posed challenges to the river’s health and surrounding communities. Originally constructed to produce hydropower, it has not functioned in that capacity for over 50 years. Its removal is crucial not only for mitigating risks to life and property but also for restoring the natural habitat for native species like brook trout and migratory fish.
Located in bucolic Warren County, New Jersey, The Paulina Lake Dam, Blairstown’s original power source for electricity, has long posed challenges to the river’s health and, after the dam ceased its use as a power source, became a financial and safety liability to Blairstown Township. Its removal is crucial not only for mitigating risks to life and property but also for restoring the natural habitat for native species like brook trout and migratory fish.
This initiative aims to:
The removal of the Paulina Lake Dam is part of a larger restoration plan initiated in 2013 by The Nature Conservancy, which includes the removal of multiple dams along the Paulins Kill River, planting thousands of trees in its riparian zone, and restoration of its headwater Hyper Humus, a glacially created peat bog. This comprehensive effort, involving wetland restoration, land protection, and floodplain reforestation, aims to rejuvenate and sustain the river ecosystem.
Princeton Hydro’s President, Geoffrey M. Goll, PE, highlights the broader impact of these efforts: “The removal of Paulina Lake Dam is not just about dismantling a structure and removing a safety hazard, but paving the way for a renewed riverine landscape, where the flow of life returns to its natural course.”
As we celebrate this major milestone, we look forward to witnessing the continued transformation of the Paulins Kill. This project stands as a testament to the power of collaboration, environmental stewardship, and the unwavering dedication of communities and organizations committed to preserving and restoring our natural landscapes.
Stay tuned for more updates as we continue this exciting journey towards a restored and thriving river ecosystem this fall, and then the finishing touches in 2025! Click here to learn more about the Paulina Lake Dam removal and the broader restoration efforts.
Nestled at the foot of the Blue Ridge Mountains, Smith Mountain Lake is the largest lake entirely within the Commonwealth of Virginia. Spanning over 20,000 acres with 500 miles of shoreline, the lake's northern and eastern boundary is marked by Bedford County, while Franklin and Pittsylvania counties define its southern and western edges. Created in 1963 by impounding the Roanoke River with the Smith Mountain Dam, the lake serves multiple purposes, including hydroelectric power, public water supply, and recreation.
Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, the area surrounding Smith Mountain Lake was predominantly rural farmland. In the 1980s, however, the lake's natural beauty, recreational appeal, and proximity to Roanoke and Lynchburg began to draw increased attention. This surge in interest sparked a boom in residential and commercial development, transforming Smith Mountain Lake into a vibrant and bustling community.
Today, Smith Mountain Lake not only provides electricity and drinking water, it is also home to 21,000 residents and stands as a premier recreational resource. Thousands flock to Smith Mountain Lake each year to enjoy boating, swimming, fishing, and other water activities. The lake's shores are now dotted with resorts, condominiums, year-round residences, and outdoor industry businesses. The lake's waters and shoreline also provide vital habitats for aquatic plants, animals, birds, and other terrestrial wildlife.
The rapid growth of this pristine lake community underscores the importance of effective environmental management to preserve water quality, strengthen the shoreline, manage stormwater runoff, and protect the local native biodiversity of the lake and its watershed.
The lake is fed by two main tributaries—the Blackwater River and the Roanoke River. The Roanoke River, the larger of the two, drains a watershed that includes the Roanoke Metropolitan area, while the Blackwater River flows through mostly rural and agricultural land.
In 2023, a significant outbreak of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in the Blackwater River subwatershed raised concerns for the Smith Mountain Lake Association (SMLA). These blooms, primarily driven by agricultural runoff, led to swimming advisories and highlighted the need for a comprehensive approach to managing and mitigating these environmental threats.
Recognizing the urgency of the situation, SMLA sought the expertise of Princeton Hydro. The mission: to investigate conditions that cause HABs, protect the lake from future outbreaks, and ensure the long-term health of this vital freshwater resource.
The project team’s approach began with a thorough review of historical water quality data. Collaborating with SMLA and regulatory bodies including the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (VDEQ), U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Princeton Hydro compiled a comprehensive dataset. This historical context was crucial for understanding past trends and informing the 2024 Watershed Assessment. SMLA and Ferrum College contributed over 38 years of data through their Volunteer Water Quality Monitoring Program, documenting crucial indicators such as nutrient levels, bacterial counts, and algal blooms. This extensive dataset has been essential in informing effective lake management practices and shaping strategies to address current environmental challenges.
Employing the MapShed model, the team carried out a comprehensive hydrologic and nutrient loading analysis of the Blackwater River subwatershed. They evaluated critical factors, including phosphorus, nitrogen, and sediment levels, to identify and prioritize areas requiring targeted nutrient and sediment management strategies.
To describe its basic function, the MapShed model applies pollutant loading rates to different land cover types, like low-density development or forested wetlands, based on their area. It then uses weather data, soil characteristics, and slopes to adjust these results. The model simulates daily pollutant loads over 30 years using actual climate records, providing monthly and annual outputs. Users can adjust various inputs, like septic system efficiency and population density, to see how the changes affect pollutant loads and water flow.
This analysis laid the foundation for determining effective, focused interventions to curb nutrient runoff and mitigate future HABs.
In March 2024, an Overwintering Incubation Study was conducted to understand cyanobacteria behavior. Sediment and water samples were taken from six nearshore locations known for high cyanobacteria counts in Summer 2023. At each site, the team also documented temperature, dissolved oxygen, specific conductivity, pH, chlorophyll-a, phycocyanin (PC), and phycoerythrin (PE).
The map below identifies the locations of each of the six sampling sites:
For each sample, the lake water was filtered and then incubated with respective sediments to determine the presence and what types of algae may be overwintering. The water and sediment samples were incubated over a period of 15 days at a temperature of approximately 77 degrees Fahrenheit and a light intensity of 2800 lux.
After eight days, the water and sediment samples were removed from the incubator, slightly stirred and then in-situ measurements for PC and PE were collected. These two supplemental pigments are almost exclusively produced by cyanobacteria. While PC is associated with primarily planktonic genera, PE is more associated with benthic genera. Thus, measuring the concentration of these pigments can be used to estimate cyanobacteria biomass as well as provide guidance on the monitoring and management of HABs (planktonic vs. benthic).
After 15 days, the samples were again removed from the incubator, slightly stirred, and then measured for PC and PE to identify and count any overwintering cyanobacteria and determine all the types of algae present.
This study offered critical insights into the conditions that enable cyanobacteria to endure winter and proliferate during warmer months. By understanding the connection between overwintering cyanobacteria and HABs in the lake, we can enhance predictive capabilities and develop more effective management strategies. Two particularly notable findings from the study include:
Beyond the initial assessment on the Blackwater River, ongoing monitoring of Smith Mountain Lake’s water quality is crucial for understanding and managing the conditions that trigger HABs. SMLA’s Water Quality Monitoring Program developed and managed by Ferrum College continues the work of tracking the trophic state of the lake. Algal community composition, tributary sampling, and bacterial monitoring are part of this comprehensive 38-year effort. Consistent sampling and water quality monitoring can help identify cyanobacteria and akinetes, the dormant spores that lead to bloom formation.
Because the VDEQ budget historically contains no funding for inland waterway HAB research and response, SMLA actively lobbied the Virginia General Assembly for the allocation of $150,000 for the creation of a watershed study. This request was included in the State budget signed in March of 2024 and the work to develop the objectives and scope of the study is underway now.
Community involvement is also vital for maintaining Smith Mountain Lake as a cherished resource. To this end, SMLA has launched "Dock Watch," a new community science volunteer program designed to monitor HAB activity. Beginning in May of 2024, volunteers have been collecting water samples at select docks around the lake and are examining them to better understand cyanobacteria activity levels and trends. All of the water quality data collected at the lake is from main channel locations. The primary recreational contact with the lake water by residents is at their docks. This data is uploaded to NOAA's Phytoplankton Monitoring Network, contributing to a national database used for HAB research. This collective effort ensures rapid identification and tracking of HAB activity, benefiting both the local community and environmental research on a national level.
“This project exemplifies a holistic approach to lake management and environmental stewardship, integrating historical data, advanced modeling, and community engagement to prioritize and implement innovative strategies that effectively mitigate HABs and protect water quality,” said Chris L. Mikolajczyk, Princeton Hydro’s Senior Manager of Aquatics and Client Manager for Smith Mountain Lake. “This ongoing work highlights the importance of science-based interventions in preserving our precious natural resources.”
The Smith Mountain Lake Association is a 501(c)3 nonprofit with the mission to keep Smith Mountain Lake clean and safe. Founded in 1969, SMLA is the longest serving advocate for the Smith Mountain Lake community, and its focused efforts help to retain the pristine beauty of the lake and the vibrant local economy. Click here to learn more and get involved.
Over the last two decades, the Princeton Hydro team has improved water quality in hundreds of ponds and lakes, restored many miles of rivers, and enhanced thousands of acres of ecosystems in the Northeast. From species surveys to water quality monitoring, our professionals perform comprehensive assessments in order to understand the landscape. Using tools like ArcGIS, we can map and model the watershed and arrive at holistic solutions for resource management. Our natural resources and lake management experts are complemented by our field team who utilize amphibious vehicles for mechanical invasive species removal, install aeration systems to improve water quality, and conduct natural lake treatments to manage algal blooms. We have secured millions of dollars in grant funding for watershed and ecological restoration projects on behalf of our clients.
Click here to learn about the Watershed Management Program in Somerset County, for which we recently helped secure grant funding from the New Jersey Highlands Water Protection and Planning Council.
July is Lakes Appreciation Month, an annual celebration dedicated to highlighting the value and wonder of our lakes and reservoirs. Established by the North American Lake Management Society (NALMS) in 1998, this initiative aims to foster a greater appreciation for these vital water bodies and encourage action to safeguard them. Join us this year as we explore three exciting and meaningful ways to engage with, enjoy, and protect our lakes.
Dive into Lakes Appreciation Month by soaking up the beauty of your local lakes. Whether you’re a bird-watching enthusiast, a kayaking adventurer, a fishing fanatic, or a nature lover who enjoys serene walks, getting outdoors for some lakeside enjoyment is the perfect way to show your appreciation for these natural treasures.
While you're out enjoying your community lakes, participate in the NALMS "Show Your Lakes Appreciation" Photo Contest Challenge! Throughout July, share a #lakeselfie or photos of your friends, family and pets, enjoying or working on a lake or reservoir. Post your pictures on Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram with a fun or informative caption, the name of the lake, and the hashtag #LakesAppreciation. Be sure to tag NALMS in your post for a chance to win exciting prizes. The contest runs from July 1st to 31st, with winners announced on August 2nd.
Always remember to respect nature by following Leave No Trace principles, ensuring our lakes stay pristine and beautiful for everyone to enjoy.
Monitoring the health of our lakes is essential for preserving their ecological balance and ensuring they remain vibrant, safe, and enjoyable.
You can contribute to this effort by joining the annual Secchi Dip-In, a citizen science project where volunteers across North America measure water clarity using a Secchi disk. This event, organized by NALMS, helps track changes in water quality over time. By participating, you contribute valuable data to support lake conservation efforts. It's simple to get involved: obtain a Secchi disk, measure the transparency of your lake, and submit your findings online. Check out our instruction video for more info:
In addition to measuring water clarity, keep an eye out for harmful algal blooms (HABs). HABs can produce toxins that negatively impact water quality and aquatic life. To track and report HABs consider using the bloomWatch app, a crowdsourced citizen-science tool that allows you to take photos of possible blooms and submit them through the app, sending the information to relevant state officials for further action. Monitoring and reporting HABs is a crucial step in protecting our lakes.
Volunteering for lake cleanups is a rewarding way to contribute to environmental stewardship, protect water quality, and enhance recreational spaces. Gather friends, family, or community members to spend a day picking up trash and debris around your favorite lake. This not only improves the health and beauty of the lake but also fosters a sense of community pride and collective responsibility. Many lake associations and environmental groups host regular cleanup events, so check their calendars or consider starting your own initiative.
For Lake Hopatcong, New Jersey's largest lake, the Lake Hopatcong Foundation, a long-time client partner of Princeton Hydro, offers a "Lake Hopatcong Water Scout" volunteer program. Water Scouts are responsible for identifying and removing instances of the invasive water chestnut species. Volunteers survey their assigned areas at least once between mid-June and mid-July. You can choose your preferred location to volunteer by reviewing the available areas on their website map. Reach out to your local lake association to find similar opportunities for cleanup and lake stewardship activities.
By raising awareness, fostering collaboration, and implementing effective strategies, we can work towards safeguarding the health and sustainability of our freshwater ecosystems. Let's come together this July to celebrate, protect, and cherish our lakes, ensuring they remain healthy and vibrant for future generations. For more ideas on how to celebrate Lakes Appreciation Month and to learn about NALMS, visit their website. For more information on Princeton Hydro's expansive lake and natural resource management services, go here.
Welcome to the latest edition of our “A Day in the Life” blog series. Today, we explore the vibrant and creative world of landscape design through the eyes of Angelica Diaz, one of Princeton Hydro's talented Landscape Designers.
Landscape design is the discipline of organizing and modifying the features of a landscape to achieve a functional, biodiverse and visually appealing outdoor space. This process considers various factors such as climate, soil, topography, existing vegetation, and the intended use of the area. By integrating artistic and scientific principles, landscape designers develop plans that create harmonious and practical environments. These plans serve as a blueprint for projects, guiding the installation and maintenance of outdoor spaces while aiding in material selection and cost estimation.
Join us as we accompany Angelica on a day dedicated to the Trenton South Ward Community Garden project. This journey highlights her dedication to transforming natural spaces and her integral role in bringing our clients' visions to life. From client meetings and visioning sessions to detailed site analysis and creative design, Angelica's expertise showcases the diverse services and innovative solutions that Princeton Hydro offers in landscape architecture.
Let’s dive into the roots of her day!
This morning, Angelica begins her day at the Trenton Headquarters Office, preparing for a kickoff meeting with the Trenton South Ward Neighborhood Association (TSWNA) board, a voluntary organization of residents who work together to improve and maintain the quality of life of the south ward district of Trenton, New Jersey. This initial meeting is crucial for understanding the client’s goals and visions. Angelica is particularly excited about this community-driven project because she enjoys the inclusivity and creativity it fosters.
“Community projects are fantastic because they help people realize their creative vision and foster a sense of ownership,” says Angelica. “It’s important to have a visioning meeting to gather a wide range of thoughts and ensure everyone feels included.”
During the kickoff meeting, Angelica and the Princeton Hydro project team listen attentively to board members, taking notes and asking questions to clarify the client's vision. Together with the client, the project team brainstorms ideas, establishes clear deliverables, and discusses expectations for the project ahead. The team shared ideas for two sites in the neighborhood; one existing community garden and one undeveloped site across the street. At the Community Garden site, TSWNA has several vegetable garden beds and hosts community workshops that ecourage residents to get outside and learn the ins and outs of urban gardening. To make the space even more inviting and useful for the community, they discussed options like planting flowers, replacing the fence, and adding a storage shed.
Securing grant money can be the key to bringing your innovative project to life, but navigating the complex world of funding can be daunting. Princeton Hydro's Director of Marketing and Communications Dana Patterson Grear stumbled upon an ideal grant opportunity to kick-off the first phase of the TSWNA's vision for the exisiting Community Garden site. Facing a tight deadline, Angelica collaborated with Tyrell Smith, TSWNA Co-Founder/Board Chair, to submit an application to the Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation's Mid-Atlantic Monarch And Pollinator Habitat Kit Program. This program distributes habitat kits containing native milkweed and various nectar plants to project partners ready to dedicate time, labor, and land for developing pollinator habitats in the Mid-Atlantic and New York City areas.
This year, the kits were tailored specifically for urban farms, community gardens, and other communal and educational spaces in urban settings, with a focus on benefiting historically underserved communities—a perfect match for TSWNA, which was selected to receive over 500 native plants to enhance their space and create a habitat for monarch butterflies.
With a clear, collective vision in mind, Angelica heads to a project site in Trenton’s South Ward Neighborhood to conduct a comprehensive analysis in preparation for the Community Garden.
Angelica arrives at 475 Lamberton Rd, ready to assess the critical physical and environmental factors necessary for the landscape design project. She meticulously observes sun exposure and soil characteristics to understand how these conditions could affect plant growth. She evaluates water availability, considering both natural sources and potential irrigation needs to ensure the sustainability of her design. The topography of the site is mapped out, identifying slopes, elevations, and natural drainage patterns that will influence the placement of features and the overall layout. All of these components help curate the overall aesthetic experience of the space throughout the day. Angelica takes photos, makes detailed notes of these observations, gathering essential information that will inform her design process and help create a harmonious and functional outdoor space.
“Site analysis is more than just understanding the immediate environment,” Angelica explains. “It’s about considering the broader context, including the surrounding neighborhood and city. This helps identify the project's needs and how it can best integrate with the local community. By working together, we can create a beautiful and sustainable space that benefits the Trenton community.”
Now it’s time for Angelica to draft initial concepts. Using a combination of AutoCAD, SketchUp, and Adobe Creative Suite, she begins to translate her site analysis and the client's feedback into visual designs. For the Trenton South Ward project, Angelica starts with a basemap created from field measurements and Google Earth imagery, evolving it into three distinct concepts.
“I aim to keep the concepts relatively loose at this stage,” she explains. “This helps get a reaction from the client and see which design they gravitate towards.”
Balancing aesthetics and sustainability, Angelica always prioritizes using a native plant palette, recognizing the seasonal characteristics and ecological benefits of native plants. She aims to create landscapes that are both beautiful and sustainable, supporting local wildlife and promoting biodiversity.
For this project, the plant selection came from the Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation. The Xerces Society supplied carefully chosen native and regionally appropriate plants from Pinelands Nursery in Columbus, NJ, one of the largest native plant nurseries in the US, supplying millions of plants for environmental restorations throughout the Mid-Atlantic states. Some of the native species selected for the community garden include Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta), Wild Bergamot (Monarda fistulosa), Little Bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium), and Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea). These perennial, drought-resistant plants not only enhance the aesthetic appeal of the area but also offer crucial habitats for pollinators and birds, fostering a healthier and more balanced ecosystem.
“The final design is a refinement of the concept with more detailed planting plans and site measurements,” Angelica notes. “I often visit the site again to confirm measurements and document conditions to ensure accuracy.”
Of the three concepts Angelica and the Princeton Hydro team developed, TSWNA chose design concept three, which is pictured below:
The planning and design work culminated in a vibrant Community Garden, volunteer-powered planting event, which kicked off this initial phase of the revitalization of this space. Members of TSWNA, Princeton Hydro, and local volunteers came together to bring the collective landscape design vision to life, creating a thriving green oasis for the community to enjoy. Together, the group planted 550 native flowers and shrubs generously provided by the Xerces Society. Despite the heat, they worked collaboratively to turn the area into a beautiful, sustainable garden that benefits the entire Trenton community.
During the planting day, Angelica demonstrated proper techniques for preparing the ground for planting, installing plant plugs, and maintaining the space once all of the planting is complete. In the video below, Angelica demonstrates how to plant a plug in the ground:
Angelica always dedicates time to staying updated on the latest trends in landscape architecture, attending industry conferences, and connecting with colleagues to share insights and ideas. This continuous learning helps her bring innovative solutions to her projects.
“I’m excited about the growing trend of sustainability in landscape design,” she says. “Incorporating green infrastructure and eco-friendly practices is essential for a sustainable future.”
Reflecting on her day, Angelica acknowledges the unique challenges (and opportunities) of landscape design, from site constraints to fulfilling client expectations. She finds great satisfaction in overcoming these obstacles and seeing designs come to life.
“There’s no such thing as the perfect site,” she admits. “Each project comes with its own challenges, but it’s incredibly rewarding to see a space transformed and to know that it will thrive and bring joy to the community for years to come.”
Angelica's journey in landscape design began at Temple University, where she pursued her graduate studies. Her professional path includes valuable experience at a small residential landscape architecture firm that also owned a native plant nursery, providing her with extensive knowledge about plant names, identification, and growth habits. Prior to this, she worked at a landscape restoration company focusing on invasive species removal and management, enriching her understanding of both native and invasive plants.
With a lifelong artistic inclination and a profound appreciation for ecology and biology, Angelica found her perfect career blend in landscape design and architecture. Although she wasn't initially exposed to landscape architecture as a career option, her graduate program welcomed individuals from diverse backgrounds, helping her realize her passion for this field.
Angelica is particularly excited about the growing trend of resilience and sustainability in landscape architecture, especially in response to climate change. She looks forward to continuing her work on projects related to green infrastructure and stormwater management, and the multidisciplinary approach to restoring ecological function.
Princeton Hydro is an expert in engineering, ecological restoration, and landscape architecture, and we’ve been incorporating green stormwater infrastructure and nature-based solutions into our designs for decades. Recently, Princeton Hydro partnered with Congregation Kol Emet to design and implement a sustainable 10-acre campus transformation, providing green infrastructure engineering, landscape architecture, and construction services to enhance the synagogue's usability and welcoming atmosphere, reduce flooding, improve water quality, and augment biodiversity. Read more.
Could cows be a potential solution to climate change?
Livestock contributes significantly to climate change, with estimates ranging from 11.1% to almost 20% of global greenhouse gas emissions. This is primarily due to their methane-rich belches and flatulence. Given these substantial numbers, it may seem unlikely that cows could be part of the solution. However, Arizona State University Professor Peter Byck argues that cows themselves are not the problem but rather the manner in which they are managed and raised.
Progressive farmers can enhance soil health and increase carbon sequestration through a cattle grazing technique known as Adaptive Multi-Paddock (AMP) grazing. This practice, entailing the periodic movement of cattle between various land plots, facilitates the creation of carbon sinks by ranchers utilizing their herds. It mimics the historical grazing patterns of bison on the expansive U.S. plains, incorporating extended rest periods between grazing events to allow grass to flourish, thereby enriching the soil. Please note however, despite anecdotal evidence from scientists and farmers, comprehensive research to validate these assertions is lacking.
The extent to which traditional grazing farmers will adopt this innovative solution remains an open question. For several years, Peter Byck has dedicated himself to meeting with scientists and farmers. This journey has culminated in the creation of a four-part docuseries titled "Roots So Deep (You Can See the Devil Down There)." This docuseries chronicles Peter Byck's experiences and the knowledge he gained along the way.
The documentary features Princeton Hydro's Senior Wildlife Biologist, Michael McGraw, CSE, QAWB, and ACE. He is part of a multidisciplinary team of scientists whose research forms the basis of the documentary.
Michael's studies have focused on observing the dynamics of breeding bird populations in paddocks grazed by AMP and those continuously grazed. The documentary highlights that when managed effectively, farmland can boost productivity and profitability for farmers while simultaneously contributing positively to the environment and the diverse wildlife that shares the planet with humans.
During a screening of "Roots So Deep (You Can See the Devil Down There)," Michael discusses his deep emotional connection formed through a decade-long collaboration with scientists and farmers. This partnership aimed to explore new opportunities to enhance our soils, wildlife, and communities. He bestows upon the audience a powerful message: “It doesn’t matter if you believe in climate change because, at the end of the day, we’re supporting healthy American families and promoting biodiversity, which benefits us all.”
In this clip, Peter and Michael explore how individuals from diverse backgrounds and beliefs can find common ground in unexpected places. They discuss how environmental stewardship unites people, revealing shared values that transcend differences and inspire collective action towards a sustainable future.
The complete docuseries is now available for rent. Learn more and watch the series at rootssodeep.org. To learn more about Senior Wildlife Biologist, Michael McGraw, a CSE, QAWB, and ACE, click here.
On Saturday, June 15th, 2024, the Mercer County Park Festival Grounds brimmed with excitement as families, friends, merchants, musicians, and local organizations gathered to celebrate the upcoming Juneteenth holiday. Among them, Princeton Hydro proudly exhibited as a Stacey Abrams Sponsor, supporting the event hosted by the African American Cultural Collaborative of Mercer County. Composed of a diverse group of educators, executives, business representatives, and officials, the African American Cultural Collaborative strives to enhance the quality of life within their community through the mediums of arts, education, and culture. They create inclusive platforms for families from various backgrounds to gather in a safe and positive environment, fostering community bonds and cross-cultural collaboration.
During this 4th Annual Juneteenth Celebration, community members mingled, immersed in the melodies flowing from the park stage. Artists, encompassing musical performers, dancers, and poets, shared their cultural heritage through captivating performances.
"It’s an honor to be here today as a sponsor of this significant celebration of freedom and resilience. Juneteenth marks the triumph of the human spirit and the relentless pursuit of equality," said Geoffrey M. Goll, President of Princeton Hydro. "At Princeton Hydro, we are dedicated to improving our ecosystems, quality of life, and communities for the better through ecological restoration. Just as water sustains life, so does justice sustain our society. This Juneteenth, we reflect on the past, celebrate the progress, and commit to a future of environmental stewardship and social equity. Thank you for joining us in this vital journey."
Among the vibrant crowd, a booth representing Princeton Hydro stood out, adorned with an array of free native plants from Pinelands Nursery & Supply. Dedicated to fostering appreciation for environmental stewardship, we enthusiastically shared our knowledge and passion with attendees. We were delighted in distributing Scarlet Beebalm (Monarda didyma), Dense Blazing Star (Liatris spicata), Orange Coneflower (Rudbeckia fulgida), and Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta) to visitors. Attendees were overjoyed by these gifts, their beaming smiles reflecting the simple joy of connecting with the earth.
As the day drew to a close, with just one crate of plants remaining, the gathering had been an undeniable success, leaving hearts filled with happiness and a renewed appreciation for those who embraced the opportunity to bring a touch of nature into their lives.
On June 19, 1865, federal troops arrived in Galveston, Texas, to enforce the Emancipation Proclamation and free all enslaved people. This event, known as Juneteenth or June Nineteenth, marks the end of slavery in the United States. It is the longest-running African American holiday.
Although the Emancipation Proclamation was issued in January 1863, it didn't immediately free anyone. It only applied to Confederate-controlled areas and excluded slave-holding border states and rebel areas under Union control. After the Civil War ended in 1865, General Granger's arrival in Galveston meant freedom for Texas's 250,000 enslaved people. Celebrations erupted among newly freed Black people, and Juneteenth was born. The 13th Amendment formally abolished slavery in America in December of the same year.
In 1866, freedpeople in Texas held the first annual "Jubilee Day" celebration on June 19. In the following decades, Juneteenth commemorations spread as Black people migrated from Texas to other parts of the country. It was not until June 17, 2021, that Juneteenth officially became a federal holiday, recognizing its profound significance in American history.
It’s important to recognize Juneteenth, not only as a reminder of the historical injustices faced by Black Americans, but also as a symbol of the ongoing fight for racial equality. This day not only marks the triumph over adversity but also serves as a profound reminder of our immense capacity for healing and restoration. It underscores our ability to cling to hope during trying times and to emerge from the darkest depths with a reinvigorated sense of purpose and unwavering resolve. By comprehending the significance of Juneteenth, we can actively work towards creating a society where inclusivity and justice prevail for all.
The removal of Bushkill Creek Dam #2 is now underway, marking yet another remarkable milestone in the rejuvenation of this treasured limestone stream. This achievement comes on the heels of four successfully completed dam removals since 2021, highlighting the swift progress in the revitalization efforts for Bushkill Creek.
This latest endeavor holds immense significance in facilitating the passage of migratory fish species, such as alewife and American shad, to vital upstream spawning grounds. It contributes to the recovery of ecologically-beneficial freshwater mussels and the bolstering of populations of trout and other resident fish species. And, it marks another important step in returning Bushkill Creek to its natural, free-flowing state.
During a recent site visit, Princeton Hydro President and Founding Principal Geoffrey M. Goll, P.E. took a moment to reflect on the years of hard work that have culminated in this significant milestone. Watch now:
In 2022, Wildlands Conservancy enlisted the expertise of Princeton Hydro to embark on a mission to remove four dams along Bushkill Creek. The successful removal of the Crayola Dam, also known as Dam #4, marked the beginning of this transformative journey. Subsequently, in 2023, Dams #1 and #3 were dismantled. Now, we celebrate the commencement of the removal of Dam #2.
Bushkill Creek flows 22-miles through agricultural and suburban landscape before converging with the Delaware River. Dam #2, situated upstream from the Creek’s confluence with the Delaware River, obstructed fish passage, exacerbated local flooding, and degraded water quality, much like its counterparts. Its removal represents a significant leap forward in the restoration of Bushkill Creek's ecological health.
The ongoing restoration of Bushkill Creek is a testament to the dedication of over 20 stakeholders, including, but not limited to, Wildlands Conservancy, the Delaware River Basin Commission, Lafayette College, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, and Princeton Hydro.
Funding for the projects has stemmed from various sources, including a settlement following a fly ash spill from the Martins Creek Power Plant in 2005. This settlement, coupled with contributions from organizations like NFWF’s Delaware Watershed Conservation Fund and Northampton County’s Livable Landscapes program, propelled the initiative forward.
As we celebrate the start of removing Bushkill Creek Dam #2, we anticipate continued progress in the revitalization of this vital waterway. Each dam removed brings us closer to realizing the vision of a thriving, free-flowing Bushkill Creek, benefitting both the environment and local communities.
Wildlands Conservancy, a non-profit land trust based in eastern Pennsylvania, is dedicated to the restoration of degraded stream and wildlife habitats, with a primary focus on the Lehigh Valley and the extensive Lehigh River watershed. Spanning 1,345 square miles, this watershed eventually merges with the Delaware River.
For over a decade, Princeton Hydro has been a steadfast partner to Wildlands Conservancy in their mission, collaborating on multiple dam removal projects in the Lehigh River Valley. With expertise in design, permitting, and oversight, Princeton Hydro has played a pivotal role in the removal of over 80 small and large dams/barriers across the Northeast.
To explore Princeton Hydro's comprehensive fish passage and dam removal engineering services, click here. For more information about Wildlands Conservancy and their conservation efforts, click here.
Welcome to the latest edition of our Client Spotlight series, which provides an inside look at our collaboration, teamwork, and accomplishments with one of our client partners.
Today, we’re shining the spotlight on Farmington River Watershed Association (FRWA).
The FRWA is a citizen-based, 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization established in 1953 by a group of concerned citizens and community leaders to address the long-term degradation of the Farmington River. FRWA is committed to protecting, maintaining, and revitalizing the Farmington River and its watershed.
Farmington River runs for 46.7 miles along its main stem in northwest Connecticut, with major tributaries extending into southwest Massachusetts. Its longest route, originating from the West Branch, stretches 80.4 miles, making it the longest tributary of the Connecticut River. The watershed covers 609 square miles, supporting a variety of cold-water resident fish species and important habitats for migratory fish. It also serves as a critical public drinking water supply for hundreds of thousands of people in the Hartford region. Additionally, the West Branch of the Farmington is highly regarded for its exceptional trout fishery.
For this Client Spotlight, we spoke with FRWA Executive Director Aimee Petras via Zoom.
“FRWA addresses a range of challenges facing the Farmington River, including water quality, water distribution, habitat restoration, recreation, open space conservation, and the protection of wetlands and floodplains. We are dedicated to protecting and preserving the natural resources of the Farmington River Watershed through research, education, advocacy, and restoration.”
“Through research initiatives, we establish a comprehensive scientific understanding of watershed functions and health. We educate the public, government and business communities about the importance of a healthy river system. We advocate at the local, state and federal level for policies and actions that ensure the long-term protection of our watershed resources. And, we plan and implement restoration projects with long-lasting positive impacts on the river and surrounding ecosystems, engaging in hands-on stewardship through activities like fish habitat restoration, stormwater runoff reduction, and re-vegetating streambanks with native plants.”
"The Farmington River is one of the first designated 'Partnership Wild & Scenic Rivers.' Its protection is ensured through the combined efforts of federal, state, and local governments, along with various organizations dedicated to preserving the river's health. Currently, 78.6 miles of the Farmington River are safeguarded under two different designations. The Upper Farmington River has a 15.1-mile designation, and the Lower Farmington River and Salmon Brook, cover 61.7 miles.”
“To earn the 'Wild and Scenic' designation, a river must possess at least one 'outstandingly remarkable' natural, cultural, or recreational value as defined by the federal Wild and Scenic Rivers Act. This recognition is a significant achievement that our organization is extremely proud of."
Click here to learn about the National Wild & Scenic Rivers designation.
Click here to learn more about FRWA's Rainbow Dam removal advocacy and related river protection initiatives.
"Removing the dam also restored natural river flow rates and enabled American shad, alewife, and blueback herring to swim upstream through Tariffville Gorge, accessing over 20 additional miles of river. Additionally, this removal uncovered a historically scenic waterfall at a popular fishing site, replacing the neglected dam with a beautiful natural feature."
“The removal of Winchell-Smith Dam restores access for aquatic organisms to a 30-mile stretch of the Farmington River upstream of the dam within the Connecticut River watershed. This area is a historic spawning habitat for species such as American shad, alewife, blueback herring, sea lamprey, and American eel. Removing the dam helps prevent local erosion and scour, clear barriers for migratory fish, eliminate hazards for river users, and repurpose existing timbers for historic preservation and educational purposes.”
To read the complete Pequabuck River Watershed Based Plan that Princeton Hydro developed for FRWA, click here.
“As a nonprofit organization, we continually seek support for our efforts. We encourage anyone interested to visit our website to learn about our programs, explore our research, access water quality reports, and understand our mission and priorities. There are numerous ways to get involved with FRWA, including donating, volunteering, participating in educational programs, or applying for internships. We are grateful to everyone who joins us in our mission to protect and restore our beautiful river.”
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