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WP_Query Object ( [query] => Array ( [page] => [pagename] => blog ) [query_vars] => Array ( [page] => 0 [pagename] => blog [error] => [m] => [p] => 0 [post_parent] => [subpost] => [subpost_id] => [attachment] => [attachment_id] => 0 [name] => [page_id] => 0 [second] => [minute] => [hour] => [day] => 0 [monthnum] => 0 [year] => 0 [w] => 0 [category_name] => engineering [tag] => [cat] => 31 [tag_id] => [author] => [author_name] => [feed] => [tb] => [paged] => 1 [meta_key] => [meta_value] => [preview] => [s] => [sentence] => [title] => [fields] => all [menu_order] => [embed] => [category__in] => Array ( [0] => 31 ) [category__not_in] => Array ( ) [category__and] => Array ( ) [post__in] => Array ( ) [post__not_in] => Array ( ) [post_name__in] => Array ( ) [tag__in] => Array ( ) [tag__not_in] => Array ( ) [tag__and] => Array ( ) [tag_slug__in] => Array ( ) [tag_slug__and] => Array ( ) [post_parent__in] => Array ( ) [post_parent__not_in] => Array ( ) [author__in] => Array ( ) [author__not_in] => Array ( ) [search_columns] => Array ( ) [posts_per_page] => 11 [ignore_sticky_posts] => [suppress_filters] => [cache_results] => 1 [update_post_term_cache] => 1 [update_menu_item_cache] => [lazy_load_term_meta] => 1 [update_post_meta_cache] => 1 [post_type] => [nopaging] => [comments_per_page] => 5 [no_found_rows] => [order] => DESC ) [tax_query] => WP_Tax_Query Object ( [queries] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [taxonomy] => category [terms] => Array ( [0] => 31 ) [field] => term_id [operator] => IN [include_children] => ) ) [relation] => AND [table_aliases:protected] => Array ( [0] => ph_term_relationships ) [queried_terms] => Array ( [category] => Array ( [terms] => Array ( [0] => 31 ) [field] => term_id ) ) [primary_table] => ph_posts [primary_id_column] => ID ) [meta_query] => WP_Meta_Query Object ( [queries] => Array ( ) [relation] => [meta_table] => [meta_id_column] => [primary_table] => [primary_id_column] => [table_aliases:protected] => Array ( ) [clauses:protected] => Array ( ) [has_or_relation:protected] => ) [date_query] => [queried_object] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 6 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2021-01-18 12:51:43 [post_date_gmt] => 2021-01-18 12:51:43 [post_content] => [post_title] => Blog [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => closed [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => blog [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2021-01-18 12:51:43 [post_modified_gmt] => 2021-01-18 12:51:43 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?page_id=6 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => page [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [queried_object_id] => 6 [request] => SELECT SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS ph_posts.ID FROM ph_posts LEFT JOIN ph_term_relationships ON (ph_posts.ID = ph_term_relationships.object_id) WHERE 1=1 AND ( ph_term_relationships.term_taxonomy_id IN (31) ) AND ((ph_posts.post_type = 'post' AND (ph_posts.post_status = 'publish' OR ph_posts.post_status = 'acf-disabled'))) GROUP BY ph_posts.ID ORDER BY ph_posts.menu_order, ph_posts.post_date DESC LIMIT 0, 11 [posts] => Array ( [0] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 20032 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2026-08-07 18:47:57 [post_date_gmt] => 2026-08-07 18:47:57 [post_content] => New Jersey Governor Mikie Sherrill signed Bill S3403/A4007 into law, requiring sellers to disclose the presence of dams on properties being sold in New Jersey along with information regarding the dams' condition, inspection history, hazard classification, and ownership obligations. The law is intended to improve transparency during real estate transactions and help buyers better understand the responsibilities that can accompany dam ownership before becoming contractually obligated to buy the property. For many, a waterbody can be an attractive property asset that enhances aesthetics, recreation opportunities, and property value. However, what is not always apparent is that the waterbody may be maintained by a dam, and ownership of that dam comes with legal, financial, and regulatory responsibilities. Because dams are regulated infrastructure, depending on their size and hazard classification, owners may be responsible for routine inspections, maintenance, repairs, emergency planning, and ongoing compliance with state regulations. In some cases, property owners do not discover the full extent of those obligations until after a real estate transaction is complete, resulting in unexpected costs and liabilities. "Dams are critical infrastructure, but they also have long-term responsibilities. Owners can face substantial costs associated with inspections, maintenance, rehabilitation, and regulatory compliance, and those obligations often transfer with the property purchase," explained Geoffrey M. Goll, PE, President of Princeton Hydro and NJ-licensed Professional Engineer. "This legislation helps ensure that prospective buyers understand the presence and condition of a dam so that they can evaluate those obligations upfront. Families and business owners can make informed investments while preventing unexpected liabilities, promoting public safety, and encouraging responsible stewardship of aging dam infrastructure across the state." The passage of S3403/A4007 follows months of advocacy led by The Nature Conservancy in New Jersey, which first proposed the legislation and worked closely with lawmakers, stakeholders, and bipartisan supporters throughout the legislative process. Through testimony, coalition building, and sustained engagement, the organization helped elevate awareness of the challenges and costs associated with dam ownership and the importance of providing prospective property buyers with clear and timely information. "No family should learn after purchasing a home that they have also assumed responsibility for a structure that could require extensive repairs or ongoing compliance costs," said Rebecca Hilbert, New Jersey Policy Associate at The Nature Conservancy. "By requiring transparency for buyers upfront, this legislation supports consumers, enhances public safety and helps ensure that dams affecting New Jersey's rivers and communities are responsibly managed." [gallery link="none" ids="11742,11313,12035"] Understanding the New Law Section 1 of the New Jersey Dam Disclosure Law states, "A seller of real property located in this State shall disclose, on the property condition disclosure statement, whether a dam is located within the boundaries of the property and any actual knowledge of the seller concerning the dam, as required pursuant to this section, to the purchaser before the purchaser becomes obligated under any contract for the purchase of the property." The law also adds specific dam-related questions to the property condition disclosure statement, including: Is there a dam located wholly or partially on the property? If so, what is the hazard classification for the dam? If current law requires the inspection of the dam, what are the results of the most recent inspection? If there are any obligations associated with the dam under State law for which a purchaser would assume responsibility for, what are the obligations? Additionally, the law directs prospective buyers to New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) resources regarding dam ownership responsibilities, dam removal, and hazard classifications to gain a better understanding of the implications of dam ownership before becoming contractually obligated or completing the sale transaction. "Maintaining, repairing or replacing a dam can cost a lot of money. People deserve to know if they are purchasing property with a dam on it, and what obligations they have for that dam,” said Assemblyman Dave Bailey. “This bill could save a new homebuyer or business owner millions of dollars in unexpected future costs." Click here to read the full statutory language and implementation details of the New Jersey Dam Disclosure Law. [gallery link="none" ids="17568,13640,17566"] The Broader Impact of S3403 The law serves a broader public safety purpose. Better informed ownership can encourage compliance with dam safety requirements, timely maintenance and repairs, and informed decision-making regarding rehabilitation, dam removal, and river restoration. These responsibilities are not insignificant. Under New Jersey's Safe Dam Act and Dam Safety Standards (N.J.A.C. 7:20), regulated dams must be inspected by a qualified New Jersey-licensed Professional Engineer every two to four years, depending on the dam's hazard classification. Regulated dam owners are also required to maintain an Operation and Maintenance Manual, while Hazard Class I and II dams must have a NJDEP-approved Emergency Action Plan in place. A regulated dam is generally defined as an artificial dike, levee, or barrier that raises the waters of a stream more than five feet above the usual mean low water height. Many property owners may be unaware that these requirements apply to a structure on their property until they begin exploring its regulatory status or ownership obligations, or receive a compliance letter from NJDEP. These requirements exist to protect people, property, and the environment from the consequences of dam failures. When dams are not properly maintained, the impacts can extend far beyond the property boundary, potentially resulting in downstream flooding, property damage, environmental degradation, impacts to wildlife habitat, and, in the most severe cases, loss of life. By increasing awareness of dam ownership responsibilities before a property changes hands, the new law can help support safer, more proactive management of New Jersey's aging dam infrastructure while reducing the likelihood of unexpected costs and obligations for future owners. In a press release from The Nature Conservancy the organization stated, "The Nature Conservancy supported the legislation because dams can have lasting impacts on public safety, local communities and the health of New Jersey's waterways. Ensuring property owners understand their responsibilities is an important step toward informed stewardship of dams that affect both people and nature." We applaud The Nature Conservancy for spearheading this effort and building the bipartisan support needed to move the legislation from concept to law. We also thank Governor Sherrill, Senator John Burzichelli, Assemblyman Dave Bailey, Assemblyman Sterley S. Stanley, and the many legislators who recognized the importance of greater transparency for New Jersey homebuyers and businesses. Princeton Hydro has long supported proactive dam safety management, providing dam inspections, geotechnical investigations, regulatory guidance, rehabilitation planning, and dam removal services to property owners, municipalities, organizations, and regulatory stakeholders throughout New Jersey and beyond. For decades, Geoff has been a leading voice in dam safety and removal. Widely recognized for pioneering dam removal efforts in New Jersey and for his expertise throughout the United States and internationally, Geoff has spent more than thirty years evaluating dams and helping owners navigate complex regulatory and infrastructure challenges. To learn more about dam safety inspection, we invite you to read our recent blog, "A Day in the Life of a Dam Inspector: Casey Pantaleo, PE." [post_title] => New Jersey's New Dam Disclosure Law: What Property Buyers and Sellers Need to Know [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => open [post_password] => [post_name] => new-jerseys-new-dam-disclosure-law [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2026-08-11 13:48:18 [post_modified_gmt] => 2026-08-11 13:48:18 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?p=20032 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [1] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 19972 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2026-06-24 22:08:28 [post_date_gmt] => 2026-06-24 22:08:28 [post_content] => When a dam is removed, what happens to all the sediment that has built up behind it? That question was the focus of a recent Dam Busters webinar led by Geoffrey M. Goll, PE, President of Princeton Hydro and an internationally recognized expert in dam removal and river restoration. During the session, Geoff shared insights on how sediment behaves during dam removal projects, how it accumulates behind dams, and how different materials such as sand, silt, and organic matter respond once the dam is removed. He also discussed the methods practitioners use to estimate how much sediment is likely to move, how quickly it will travel, and the risks it may pose downstream, along with the practical decisions project teams face, including when to rely on natural processes, when intervention is needed, and how to design a strategy that balances ecological benefits, cost, and potential impacts. Click here to watch the full webinar and explore the slide deck and additional resources. [embed]https://youtu.be/aQHGU0ha130?si=KJiZNCWSmBaj73Ld[/embed] Case Study: Paulina Lake Dam Removal Project During the webinar, Geoff highlighted a real-world example of a dam removal project that required careful sediment management: the Paulina Lake Dam removal on the Paulins Kill River in New Jersey. For this project, the team implemented a phased dam breach, gradually lowering water levels to control the release of sediment and allow the river to begin forming its new channel. A portion of the sediment, particularly the highly organic material near the dam, was actively removed to prevent downstream impacts, while the rest was allowed to mobilize naturally. To learn more about the Paulina Lake Dam removal project and see the transformation in action, click here to read our blog. [gallery link="none" ids="14028,17040,19110"] More About Dam Busters Dam Busters is an initiative created by the Mass Rivers Alliance in partnership with the Massachusetts Division of Ecological Restoration and the Charles River Watershed Association. Its mission is to provide dam removal stakeholders with the knowledge and tools needed to successfully support and implement projects. The program offers expert-led webinars with live Q&A, technical resources and guidance, site visits and hands-on learning opportunities, and in-person workshops and conferences. Whether new to dam removal or actively working in the field, Dam Busters provides valuable, expert-driven insights to help guide dam removal efforts. Click here to learn more and get involved. More About Geoff Geoffrey M. Goll, PE, a founding partner and the President of Princeton Hydro, has over 35 years of experience in water resources engineering, geotechnical engineering, and river restoration. He is widely recognized for advancing innovative and effective approaches to river restoration. Geoff holds a B.S. in Civil Engineering from Rutgers University, a Master of Engineering Management from the University of Wisconsin–Madison, and is a licensed Professional Engineer in 11 states. He pioneered dam removals for the purposes of fish passage in New Jersey and has overseen more than 50 dam removal designs. His understanding of sedimentation mechanisms and management of sediment behind impoundments has been instrumental in managing the mitigation of environmental impacts during and after demolition of river and stream obstructions. Click here to learn more about Geoff. [post_title] => WATCH NOW: Understanding Sediment Management for Dam Removal Projects [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => open [post_password] => [post_name] => watch-now-understanding-sediment-management-for-dam-removal-projects [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2026-06-24 22:08:28 [post_modified_gmt] => 2026-06-24 22:08:28 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?p=19972 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [2] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 19607 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2026-05-11 14:34:02 [post_date_gmt] => 2026-05-11 14:34:02 [post_content] => Princeton Hydro is proud to support the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Baltimore District on the Atkisson Dam Removal project, an effort that prioritizes public safety, ecological restoration, and long-term watershed health in Harford County, Maryland. The Atkisson Dam and Reservoir are located along Winters Run, a 14.6-mile-long river that eventually becomes Otter Point Creek, flowing into the Bush River and eventually the Chesapeake Bay. Constructed in 1942, the concrete gravity dam once served as an auxiliary freshwater supply for Edgewood Arsenal operations. By the 1970s, however, the structure was no longer needed for that purpose. The dam is approximately 468 feet long, rising 46 feet at the spillway and nearly 60 feet at the abutments. Its central feature is a 210-foot-wide, uncontrolled ogee-type spillway, flanked by structural elements along both banks. [gallery link="none" size="medium" ids="19623,19630,19633"] Over time, the reservoir has become heavily silted following multiple storm events, and dense vegetation has encroached throughout the impounded area. Removal of the structure will eliminate potential long-term risks associated with dam failure while restoring the free flow of Winters Run, improving water quality and reconnecting habitat. Recently, Princeton Hydro’s geotechnical engineering team completed the first of several field efforts to support dam removal design. This phase involved a complex setup: mounting an SPT drilling rig onto a barge and navigating down the river to reach sampling locations within the former reservoir. Working from both land and water, the team collected critical geotechnical and sediment data that will inform safe and effective restoration. [gallery link="none" ids="19631,19638,19625"] [gallery link="none" ids="19626,19628,19634"] Geotechnical Engineer and Certified Construction Specifier Matthew Pappas led on-site coordination. Geotechnical Engineer Marissa Ciocco, PE, joined the team on the barge during drilling days, supporting field coordination and sample collection under challenging conditions. [gallery link="none" ids="19627,19629,19624"] Future efforts will include direct push sampling using a Marsh Master, along with hand auger investigations, followed by laboratory testing of collected samples. Together, these data will inform a design that addresses sediment management, site safety, and long-term stream stability following dam removal. As the Atkisson Dam Removal project moves forward, we look forward to sharing more updates from the field and highlighting the collaborative efforts that make meaningful restoration possible. [post_title] => Atkisson Dam Removal: Supporting River Restoration on Winters Run [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => open [post_password] => [post_name] => atkisson-dam-removal [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2026-05-19 13:29:12 [post_modified_gmt] => 2026-05-19 13:29:12 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?p=19607 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [3] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 19057 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2026-01-28 15:50:41 [post_date_gmt] => 2026-01-28 15:50:41 [post_content] => More than a century after the Paulina Lake Dam first altered the Paulins Kill River, the site now tells a very different story. A recent return visit confirms what restoration practitioners know well: when barriers are removed, rivers heal. Today, the Paulins Kill flows freely through the former Paulina Lake Dam site, reconnecting habitats that had been fragmented for generations. The Paulina Lake Dam stood for nearly 130 years in Blairstown Township, Warren County, NJ. Constructed in the late 1800s to generate hydropower, it had long outlived its original purpose. Like many aging dams across the country, it remained in place despite no longer serving a critical function, while continuing to disrupt river processes and pose growing safety risks. [caption id="attachment_19094" align="aligncenter" width="800"] Paulina Lake Dam aerial view prior to removal. Photo by Jim Wright/TNC/LightHawk[/caption] As reported in CentralJersey.com’s recent feature “The fall of dams and rise of rivers,” the majority of New Jersey’s approximately 1,700 regulated dams were built in the 19th and early 20th centuries to power mills that no longer exist. Fewer than a dozen still serve an essential purpose today. Many persist due to nostalgia, misunderstanding, or uncertainty around removal—despite blocking fish passage, trapping sediment, warming water temperatures, exacerbating flooding, and increasing the risk of failure. The removal of Paulina Lake Dam was led by The Nature Conservancy (TNC) in partnership with Blairstown Township, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Riverlogic–Renova Joint Venture, and Princeton Hydro. The Office of Natural Resources Revenue awarded a grant to TNC to fund a substantial portion of the removal through the Paulins Kill and Pequest Watershed Natural Resource Restoration Grant Program. The project advanced through carefully sequenced phases, beginning with controlled notching in late 2023, followed by full demolition and sediment management in 2024, and transitioning into final adaptive management and habitat enhancement in 2025. What the River is Showing Us Now The ecological response has been swift and visible. With the dam removed, more than 7.6 miles of mainstem and tributary habitat have been reconnected at the Paulina Lake site alone. The removal of the Paulina Lake Dam represents one important element of a longer-term, watershed-scale restoration initiative launched in 2013 to restore connectivity and ecological function along the Paulins Kill River. As the downstream most dam on the river, its removal builds upon earlier restoration milestones achieved through the removal of four dams: the Columbia Lake Main and Remnant Dams in 2019, the County Line Dam in 2021, and now the Paulina Lake Dam, progressively reconnecting approximately 45 miles of mainstem and tributary habitat. Since 2016, The Nature Conservancy has also implemented a 10-year Measures and Monitoring Program to track ecological response and conservation outcomes, providing clear evidence that coordinated, science-based restoration can support a healthier, more resilient river system. The river channel is actively stabilizing, riffle and run sequences are re-forming, and previously inundated areas are beginning to revegetate. Cooler water temperatures and the restoration of sediment transport processes are enabling the Paulins Kill to function more consistently with a cold, free‑flowing, coarse‑substrate stream system. This series of aerial drone photos was captured during a site visit in November 2025: [gallery link="none" size="medium" ids="19109,19110,19111"] This recovery is already benefiting aquatic life. As Beth Styler Barry, Director of Freshwater Programs for The Nature Conservancy in New Jersey, noted in the CentralJersey.com article, “We’re already seeing American shad above the dams that were removed. We’re seeing sea lamprey and American eel. It used to be that only the biggest eels could make it upstream. Now we’re seeing all age classes.” By reconnecting upstream and downstream populations that had been isolated for generations, the project has also restored connectivity for rare freshwater mussels, including the endangered dwarf wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon) and triangle floater (Alasmidonta undulata). “All of the organisms in a river like the Paulins Kill evolved to live in a cool, flowing, rocky-bottom stream,” Styler Barry told CentralJersey.com. “When you restore flow, the river begins to heal itself.” Watch the Project from Start to Finish A newly released project video captures this transformation in a way that still images and written updates cannot. Drawing on aerial footage collected by The Nature Conservancy’s Volunteer Drone Team prior to demolition and by Princeton Hydro throughout and after construction, the video documents the full arc of the Paulina Lake Dam removal from initial notching through full demolition and into the restored conditions visible today. The footage provides a comprehensive look at dam removal in practice, illustrating how careful sequencing, sediment management, and adaptive design allow rivers to recover rapidly once barriers are removed. Click below to watch the full project video and see the transformation unfold: [embed]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T6dQRRU5DCE[/embed] Beyond ecological gains, the removal of Paulina Lake Dam has significantly improved public safety and community resilience. In CentralJersey.com, Geoffrey M. Goll, PE, President of Princeton Hydro, emphasized the long-term risks associated with aging dams. “If you don’t take care of them, they’ll come out on their own—and that’s a much bigger problem. Once dams are properly removed, people start to see the value of a free-flowing river.” Many dams were never designed to withstand today’s hydrologic conditions. With climate change driving more frequent and intense rainfall events, proactive removal reduces flood risk, eliminates inspection and maintenance liabilities, and allows rivers to function as more resilient, self-sustaining systems. At the Paulina Lake site, removal has also improved recreational access and restored a more natural landscape for the community. Looking Ahead While the Paulins Kill now flows freely through the former Paulina Lake Dam site, final project phases focus on adaptive management, targeted bank stabilization, habitat feature enhancement, and native tree planting to support long term ecological resilience. As the river continues to adjust and evolve, the Paulina Lake Dam site stands as a clear example of what is possible when outdated infrastructure is thoughtfully removed and natural systems are given the opportunity to recover. To learn more about TNC's work to restore the Paulins Kill River, click here. To learn more about Princeton Hydro's work to remove dams and restore rivers throughout the Northeast, click here. [post_title] => Then and Now: Paulina Lake Dam Removal [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => open [post_password] => [post_name] => then-and-now-paulina-lake-dam-removal [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2026-01-28 15:59:36 [post_modified_gmt] => 2026-01-28 15:59:36 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?p=19057 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [4] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 18950 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2025-12-21 19:12:41 [post_date_gmt] => 2025-12-21 19:12:41 [post_content] => By Mikhail Velez, Communications Coordinator Across Eswatini’s rural landscape, geography often dictates opportunity. Rivers that swell during rainy seasons can separate families from schools, healthcare, and markets, making daily routines unpredictable and sometimes unsafe. In the three years before the Imphumelelo Footbridge was completed, five people tragically lost their lives and ten were injured attempting to cross during floods. To help address this challenge, volunteers from the Engineers in Action chapter at Rutgers University joined with other students from the University of Iowa, Hofstra University, and Northwestern University, during the summer of 2025, living and working alongside local communities to build the Imphumelelo Footbridge. Each student chapter is responsible for raising the funds needed to purchase construction materials, making the project both a test of resourcefulness and commitment. For Rutgers students, the experience offered not only the chance to apply technical skills in the field, but also invaluable hands-on learning that deepened their understanding of engineering in practice. At 108 meters long, the Imphumelelo Footbridge is the second longest bridge completed by the Rutgers Chapter in Eswatini, a small, landlocked country in Southern Africa, funded in part by the Microprojects Programme and constructed through the nonprofit Engineers in Action. Now providing safe, year‑round access for more than 1,320 people, the bridge drastically reduces travel distances to healthcare and schools, while standing as a testament to Rutgers students’ commitment to connecting communities and expanding opportunity. This video offers a glimpse into the construction process itself, showing how the Rutgers Engineers in Action Chapter worked alongside community members in Eswatini to bring the bridge to life. Viewers can see the challenges that arose, the teamwork that solved them, and the collaborative spirit that carried the project from planning to completion: Strength in Collaboration: Building the Imphumelelo Footbridge The Imphumelelo Footbridge was the result of four months of careful preplanning and two months of intensive construction in southern Eswatini. This was the farthest site Engineers in Action has worked on, located nearly three hours by car from the nearest city. The remote setting added complexity to the project, but it also underscored the importance of building a reliable crossing for the communities who would depend on it. Construction was not without its challenges. When hoisting the suspension cables, the team’s winch broke because it was old and rusted. With the guidance of local masons, students improvised solutions, even resorting to manually knocking the cables to adjust their height. On anchor pouring day, when several batches of concrete were poured to secure the massive blocks through which the cables run, shifting wood supports forced the team to pause, reassess, and slightly reduce the bearing load to ensure stability. Concrete mixing also presented difficulties, since batches sometimes contained too much water. Rutgers Engineers in Action Co-President, Ula Sokolowski devised a practical solution: mixing gravel, sand, and cement without water, then combining it with the wetter batch to achieve the correct ratio. Reflecting on the experience, Ula noted, "Much of engineering happens behind a desk, but being on site and contributing directly to the build was a completely different experience. Learning how to do every part of the process was not only valuable, but genuinely fun." Aito Sterle, who served as a Quality Control Manager on Rutgers project in the previous year, the project was equally transformative. Aito explained, “The experience completely changed my engineering mindset. Traveling gave me a new perspective on life and exposed me to a whole variety of problems that required creative solutions. As a quality control manager, I was able to dive into the nitty‑gritty of bridge building and really understand the ins and outs of the process. Even though we weren’t part of the initial design, we felt connected to it on site — documenting each step, taking precise measurements, and ensuring everything was engineered to a T. It opened my eyes to how engineering truly works in the real world.” [gallery columns="2" link="none" ids="18956,18959"] The process was a full collaborative effort between students and community members: mixing concrete, sifting sand, moving rocks, and passing buckets of concrete down long human chains. Local masons built walls from stone, while students documented each step and checked measurements to ensure precision. For many community members, the project offered not only a chance to contribute to lasting infrastructure, but also meaningful daily work in a region where jobs are scarce. The bridge’s completion was celebrated not only by the Rutgers team and local residents, but also by community leaders. At the handover ceremony, MP David Ngcamphalala of Qomintaba emphasized the power of collaboration, stating, “Nothing is impossible when people work together.” Engineers in Action Program Manager Ana Jovanovic echoed this sentiment, describing the Imphumelelo Footbridge as “a promise of safety, opportunity, and connection. It will save lives, open access to healthcare, and help the next generation reach their classrooms without fear.” Local leaders also looked ahead to future development. Bucopho of Sigwe expressed gratitude to the Microprojects Programme and appealed for continued support, noting that the dedication of Members of Parliament, Indvuna Yenkhundla, and community leaders gave him confidence that more projects would follow in Qomintaba and Matsanjeni South. These reflections, reported in the Africa-Press – Eswatini, highlight how the Imphumelelo Footbridge was not only a technical achievement but also a symbol of partnership, resilience, and hope for the communities it serves. [gallery columns="2" link="none" ids="18964,18961,18960,18962"] Life with the Community Beyond construction, the Rutgers Engineers in Action team immersed themselves in local life. Prior to travel, students studied language and cultural traditions with the help of a Cultural Relationships Manager, preparing them to build genuine connections. Once in Eswatini, those connections flourished. Community members welcomed the students warmly, eager to share experiences and perspectives. Every Saturday, soccer matches and games brought students and residents together. Music often filled the downtime at the construction site, with dance becoming a universal language that bridged cultural and linguistic gaps. Families opened their homes to the volunteers, with one household affectionately adopting the students for the duration of their stay. For Rutgers students, these relationships were as impactful as the bridge itself. The project was not only about engineering a structure, but also about building trust, friendship, and mutual respect across cultures. How You Can Help Support Engineers in Action Chapter at Rutgers Engineers in Action began in 2009 as an international nonprofit dedicated to connecting isolated communities to essential resources through sustainable infrastructure projects. Originally linked with the Bridges to Prosperity program, Engineers in Action has expanded its mission to include not only footbridges, but also water and sanitation systems that empower underserved communities. Student chapters across the United States and Canada have played a vital role in advancing this mission, gaining hands-on engineering experience while helping communities overcome barriers to education, healthcare, and economic opportunity. To continue building bridges and expanding access to vital resources, Engineers in Action relies on donations. Contributions directly fund materials, logistics, and training that make future projects possible. Supporting Engineers in Action means helping students like those from Rutgers bring their skills to communities in need, while ensuring that families around the world can safely reach schools, hospitals, and markets. For more information check out the chapters Linktree. Readers who wish to make a difference are encouraged to consider donating to the Rutgers Engineers in Action Chapter at their year end campaign or their main donation page and become part of the effort to bridge divides and expand opportunity. [post_title] => From Vision to Impact: Rutgers Engineers in Action Student Chapter Bring Change to Eswatini [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => open [post_password] => [post_name] => from-vision-to-impact-rutgers-engineers-in-action-student-chapter-bring-change-to-eswatini [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2026-05-22 13:22:10 [post_modified_gmt] => 2026-05-22 13:22:10 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?p=18950 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [5] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 18379 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2025-10-14 17:37:53 [post_date_gmt] => 2025-10-14 17:37:53 [post_content] => When most people think of engineering, they picture bridges, buildings, and dams rising above the landscape. Yet the performance and longevity of these structures depend just as much on the subsurface conditions beneath them. Geotechnical engineering is the discipline dedicated to investigating, analyzing, and characterizing soil, rock, landscape, and groundwater conditions, and applying that data to the design and construction of safe, resilient, and sustainable infrastructure and restoration projects. At Princeton Hydro, our geotechnical and soils engineers design and execute customized, cost-effective investigations that provide the parameters needed for successful design. Because geotechnical services touch every stage of a project, our integrated approach of investigation, including soils laboratory testing, analysis, and design, all done in-house, ensures streamlined communication, efficiency, and technical excellence. This blog offers a closer look at what geotechnical engineering entails, the specialized capabilities Princeton Hydro provides, and real-world examples of how our work supports resilient, sustainable design. Princeton Hydro’s Geotechnical Capabilities Geotechnical Investigations: Our engineers can perform subsurface investigation, identification, and assessment of accumulated sediment, subsurface soils, and rock, as well as slope stability and stabilization modeling. Our work ranges from foundation type and bearing capacity assessments to mitigation strategies for unsuitable materials. We also regularly conduct forensic geotechnical investigations, which focus on investigating soil-interaction-related failures of engineered infrastructure. Laboratory Testing: We operate an American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Accredited laboratory in Sicklerville, NJ. This allows us to complete 100% of geotechnical investigation planning and oversight, laboratory testing, analysis, design, and reporting in-house. Our geotechnical laboratory performs a full suite of soils and materials testing, including grain size analysis, plasticity index, organic content, moisture content, compaction characteristics of soil (Standard and Modified Proctor), California bearing ratio (CBR), one dimensional consolidation, and flexible and rigid wall permeability testing under constant or falling head conditions. With this capability, we can rapidly deliver high-quality data to inform project design and construction. Our laboratory is also a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Validated Laboratory. Click here to view Princeton Hydro’s complete accreditation listing and certificate. And, click here to learn more about the USACE Materials Testing Laboratories and Validation. Field & Construction Services: Our engineers are experienced in construction requirements, design, and methodology for various structures, as well as field inspections and special testing. We have a Certified Construction Specifier (CCS) on staff and ACI-certified concrete field-testing technicians. Our team performs compaction testing of soil and asphalt using a nuclear density gauge, reinforcing steel inspections, and 2006 International Building Code (IBC) special inspections. We help determine foundation type, site improvements, and optimal construction techniques. Dredging & Sediment Investigations: Over our 25-year history, we’ve managed more than 100 dredging projects across freshwater and estuarine systems. We specialize in beneficial reuse of dredged material for ecological restoration, including wetland creation, thin-layer placement, and living shorelines. Our team provides sediment characterization, slope stability modeling, and contaminant analysis in complex, developed watersheds. Princeton Hydro’s Geotechnical Work in Action To bring this work to life, we’ve chosen a few Princeton Hydro projects that showcase where our geotechnical expertise helped solve unique challenges: Geotechnical Design & Subsurface Investigations for Coastal Wetland Restoration – New York At Spring Creek Park North in Jamaica Bay, New York, decades of urbanization and dredged material placement had degraded more than 40 acres of tidal marsh and uplands. To address this, Princeton Hydro provided subsurface investigations and design services for a large-scale ecosystem restoration led by the USACE New York District, in partnership with NYC Parks. A key design assumption was the reuse of excavated material: soils removed from wetland areas were repurposed to construct upland hills, supporting both ecological function and cost-effective implementation. Our work included geotechnical borings, slope stability analyses, and hydraulic modeling, as well as the collection of topographic and bathymetric survey data, wetland delineations, vegetation assessments, and hydrodynamic measurements. This data informed the development of slope stability and hydraulic models and guided the restoration design. The project advanced through a structured engineering design process — with 30%, 60%, 90%, and 100% design submissions — along with preparation of technical specifications, permit applications, and a detailed construction cost estimate. When complete, the project will restore more than 43 acres of marsh and upland habitat, improving water quality, enhancing biodiversity, and strengthening climate resilience in one of New York City’s most ecologically significant coastal systems. [gallery size="medium" link="none" columns="2" ids="18187,18188"] Offshore Subsurface Investigation for Jetty Reconstruction – Delaware Princeton Hydro was contracted by USACE Philadelphia District to perform offshore subsurface geotechnical investigations in support of reconstructing the Indian River Inlet jetty at Delaware Seashore State Park. Working under challenging marine conditions, our team successfully advanced deep geotechnical borings (to depths of 100 feet) from a lift boat platform, collected soil samples, performed laboratory testing including triaxial strength, consolidation, and direct shear tests; and delivered detailed soil data. Despite difficult sea states, we maintained close communication with USACE to ensure safety and project continuity. The resulting data provided USACE with critical insight into subsurface conditions, helping inform design alternatives for the new jetty structure. [gallery size="medium" columns="2" link="none" ids="18185,18184"] Subsurface Investigations for Dike Raising – New Jersey At the Killcohook Confined Disposal Facility (CDF), Princeton Hydro carried out a large-scale subsurface investigation to support USACE Philadelphia District’s plans for raising the site’s perimeter dikes. The project site, formerly a National Wildlife Refuge, is located in Pennsville, New Jersey, on the eastern bank of the Delaware River, to the north of Fort Mott State Park and adjacent to the Supawna Meadows Wildlife Refuge. Each cell of the CDF receives dredge material from the Delaware River. The subsurface explorations performed by Princeton Hydro were conducted along the existing dike comprising the border of Cell 1 of the CDF. Cell 1 consists of an area of approximately 710 acres with the entire CDF covering 1,200 acres. For this exploration project, Princeton Hydro was tasked with the performance of thirty-one (31) geotechnical borings as well as sixty-five (65) cone penetrometer tests with porewater measurements (CPTu) soundings. Princeton Hydro also provided site safety oversight in accordance with USACE standards. Soil samples were logged and collected by Princeton Hydro and tested at their Sicklerville, New Jersey geotechnical laboratory, which is accredited under the AASHTO Accreditation Program and validated by USACE for soils testing. The data collected is now being used by USACE to design the upgraded dike system, ensuring safe, resilient operation of the facility for future dredged material management. [gallery link="none" columns="2" size="medium" ids="18181,18183"] Comprehensive Geotechnical Investigation and Reporting – New Jersey At the 545-acre Pedricktown North Confined Disposal Facility in Oldmans Township, New Jersey, located on the Delaware River west of Route 130 between Porcupine Road and Pennsgrove-Pedricktown Road, Princeton Hydro conducted a comprehensive subsurface investigation in support of a dike raising project led by the USACE Philadelphia District. As part of this field exploration, our team performed eight geotechnical borings, thirty-eight cone penetrometer tests with porewater measurement (CPTu) soundings, and collected five grab samples. These efforts provided critical soil strength and settlement data to inform USACE’s design of the upgraded dike system. In addition to managing subcontractors and ensuring compliance with USACE safety protocols, Princeton Hydro oversaw the field program, coordinated directly with the Project Manager, and delivered the final geotechnical report. This investigation is supplying USACE with essential geotechnical data to guide the design and construction of the improved dike infrastructure. [gallery link="none" size="medium" ids="18190,18193,18192"] This blog only scratches the surface of what geotechnical engineering entails. To dive deeper, we invite you to read “A Day in the Life: Princeton Hydro’s Geotechnical Laboratory,” where you’ll step into our laboratory and shadow Marissa Ciocco, P.E. as she turns soil samples into the data that drives resilient design. [post_title] => Beneath the Surface: Exploring the World of Geotechnical Engineering [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => open [post_password] => [post_name] => beneath-the-surface-exploring-the-world-of-geotechnical-engineering [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2025-10-15 17:39:54 [post_modified_gmt] => 2025-10-15 17:39:54 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?p=18379 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [6] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 18294 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2025-10-13 18:11:03 [post_date_gmt] => 2025-10-13 18:11:03 [post_content] => Coastal communities are on the frontlines of climate change, facing rising seas, stronger storms, and eroding shorelines. At the same time, these landscapes provide critical habitat and natural defenses that protect people, ecosystems and myriad wildlife. Coastal ecological restoration restores natural systems and strengthens future resilience to climate impacts. Earlier this month, our team joined the New Jersey Coastal Resilience Collaborative (NJCRC) for its Coastal Ecological Restoration Technical Workshop, a full-day, in-person event held at the Rutgers EcoComplex in Bordentown, NJ. The workshop convened coastal stakeholders, researchers, practitioners, and managers to share knowledge and explore the latest science advancing coastal ecological restoration. Inside the Workshop The day began with a work group session, “Advancing Science-Based Ecological Restoration Across New Jersey’s Coast,” led by a panel of experts and followed by an interactive Q&A. Click here to view the presentation. Participants then chose from a variety of technical sessions covering topics such as, eDNA and Water Quality as Indicators of Coastal Ecological Health; Smart Permitting for Restoration; and Diatoms as Ecological Indicators in Living Shoreline Applications. Dana Patterson Grear, Princeton Hydro's Director of Marketing & Communications, delivered an engaging presentation titled, "How to Build a Digital Communications Toolkit for Climate Action." She provided practical guidance for turning communication into a powerful tool for advancing ecological restoration and climate resilience, including how to develop tailored climate messaging, understand the values of your audience and remove personal bias, and determine your level of engagement and capacity. Dana's presentation broke down complex communication strategies into actional steps that attendees can apply directly to their work. Click here to view her presentation slides. [gallery link="none" columns="2" size="medium" ids="18298,18297" orderby="rand"] Beyond the educational workshops, networking breaks, shared meals, and a post-workshop reception created opportunities to connect and collaborate. And, as a fun and fitting bonus, each participant went home with a complimentary native plant courtesy of Pinelands Nursery. More About Coastal Restoration Coastal ecological restoration involves the rehabilitation and creation of coastal ecosystems, like wetlands, reefs, and shorelines, with the goal of restoring the natural processes and functions. These efforts provide long-term protection from erosion, create habitat for fish and wildlife, and build community resilience against flooding and storm surge. At Princeton Hydro, we understand the impacts of climate change, including sea level rise, and use tools such as vulnerability assessments to inform our restoration designs. Our team specializes in designing and implementing living shorelines and habitat restoration projects. We combine field data, empirical approaches, ecological and geomorphic understanding, hydrologic and hydraulic modeling, and state-of-the-art computer programming technology to develop our designs. Our nature-based solutions deliver lasting ecological and community benefits. A prime example of this work is the Spring Creek North Ecosystem Restoration project, located in Brooklyn and Queens, NY. Once part of the expansive Jamaica Bay wetland system, Spring Creek's salt marshes were heavily degraded over the last century. Princeton Hydro was contracted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New York District to lead the design and engineering for this restoration effort. Construction efforts began in early October 2025. Once completed, the project will restore approximately 43 acres of habitat within a 67-acre footprint, including low and high marsh, scrub shrub wetland, and maritime upland. Efforts also aim to improve water quality, increase biodiversity, and strengthen the overall Jamaica Bay ecosystem. Key restoration activities include:
New Jersey Governor Mikie Sherrill signed Bill S3403/A4007 into law, requiring sellers to disclose the presence of dams on properties being sold in New Jersey along with information regarding the dams' condition, inspection history, hazard classification, and ownership obligations. The law is intended to improve transparency during real estate transactions and help buyers better understand the responsibilities that can accompany dam ownership before becoming contractually obligated to buy the property.
For many, a waterbody can be an attractive property asset that enhances aesthetics, recreation opportunities, and property value. However, what is not always apparent is that the waterbody may be maintained by a dam, and ownership of that dam comes with legal, financial, and regulatory responsibilities. Because dams are regulated infrastructure, depending on their size and hazard classification, owners may be responsible for routine inspections, maintenance, repairs, emergency planning, and ongoing compliance with state regulations. In some cases, property owners do not discover the full extent of those obligations until after a real estate transaction is complete, resulting in unexpected costs and liabilities.
"Dams are critical infrastructure, but they also have long-term responsibilities. Owners can face substantial costs associated with inspections, maintenance, rehabilitation, and regulatory compliance, and those obligations often transfer with the property purchase," explained Geoffrey M. Goll, PE, President of Princeton Hydro and NJ-licensed Professional Engineer. "This legislation helps ensure that prospective buyers understand the presence and condition of a dam so that they can evaluate those obligations upfront. Families and business owners can make informed investments while preventing unexpected liabilities, promoting public safety, and encouraging responsible stewardship of aging dam infrastructure across the state."
The passage of S3403/A4007 follows months of advocacy led by The Nature Conservancy in New Jersey, which first proposed the legislation and worked closely with lawmakers, stakeholders, and bipartisan supporters throughout the legislative process. Through testimony, coalition building, and sustained engagement, the organization helped elevate awareness of the challenges and costs associated with dam ownership and the importance of providing prospective property buyers with clear and timely information.
"No family should learn after purchasing a home that they have also assumed responsibility for a structure that could require extensive repairs or ongoing compliance costs," said Rebecca Hilbert, New Jersey Policy Associate at The Nature Conservancy. "By requiring transparency for buyers upfront, this legislation supports consumers, enhances public safety and helps ensure that dams affecting New Jersey's rivers and communities are responsibly managed."
Section 1 of the New Jersey Dam Disclosure Law states, "A seller of real property located in this State shall disclose, on the property condition disclosure statement, whether a dam is located within the boundaries of the property and any actual knowledge of the seller concerning the dam, as required pursuant to this section, to the purchaser before the purchaser becomes obligated under any contract for the purchase of the property." The law also adds specific dam-related questions to the property condition disclosure statement, including:
Additionally, the law directs prospective buyers to New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) resources regarding dam ownership responsibilities, dam removal, and hazard classifications to gain a better understanding of the implications of dam ownership before becoming contractually obligated or completing the sale transaction.
The law serves a broader public safety purpose. Better informed ownership can encourage compliance with dam safety requirements, timely maintenance and repairs, and informed decision-making regarding rehabilitation, dam removal, and river restoration.
These responsibilities are not insignificant. Under New Jersey's Safe Dam Act and Dam Safety Standards (N.J.A.C. 7:20), regulated dams must be inspected by a qualified New Jersey-licensed Professional Engineer every two to four years, depending on the dam's hazard classification. Regulated dam owners are also required to maintain an Operation and Maintenance Manual, while Hazard Class I and II dams must have a NJDEP-approved Emergency Action Plan in place. A regulated dam is generally defined as an artificial dike, levee, or barrier that raises the waters of a stream more than five feet above the usual mean low water height. Many property owners may be unaware that these requirements apply to a structure on their property until they begin exploring its regulatory status or ownership obligations, or receive a compliance letter from NJDEP.
These requirements exist to protect people, property, and the environment from the consequences of dam failures. When dams are not properly maintained, the impacts can extend far beyond the property boundary, potentially resulting in downstream flooding, property damage, environmental degradation, impacts to wildlife habitat, and, in the most severe cases, loss of life. By increasing awareness of dam ownership responsibilities before a property changes hands, the new law can help support safer, more proactive management of New Jersey's aging dam infrastructure while reducing the likelihood of unexpected costs and obligations for future owners.
In a press release from The Nature Conservancy the organization stated, "The Nature Conservancy supported the legislation because dams can have lasting impacts on public safety, local communities and the health of New Jersey's waterways. Ensuring property owners understand their responsibilities is an important step toward informed stewardship of dams that affect both people and nature."
We applaud The Nature Conservancy for spearheading this effort and building the bipartisan support needed to move the legislation from concept to law. We also thank Governor Sherrill, Senator John Burzichelli, Assemblyman Dave Bailey, Assemblyman Sterley S. Stanley, and the many legislators who recognized the importance of greater transparency for New Jersey homebuyers and businesses.
Princeton Hydro has long supported proactive dam safety management, providing dam inspections, geotechnical investigations, regulatory guidance, rehabilitation planning, and dam removal services to property owners, municipalities, organizations, and regulatory stakeholders throughout New Jersey and beyond. For decades, Geoff has been a leading voice in dam safety and removal. Widely recognized for pioneering dam removal efforts in New Jersey and for his expertise throughout the United States and internationally, Geoff has spent more than thirty years evaluating dams and helping owners navigate complex regulatory and infrastructure challenges. To learn more about dam safety inspection, we invite you to read our recent blog, "A Day in the Life of a Dam Inspector: Casey Pantaleo, PE."
When a dam is removed, what happens to all the sediment that has built up behind it?
That question was the focus of a recent Dam Busters webinar led by Geoffrey M. Goll, PE, President of Princeton Hydro and an internationally recognized expert in dam removal and river restoration.
During the session, Geoff shared insights on how sediment behaves during dam removal projects, how it accumulates behind dams, and how different materials such as sand, silt, and organic matter respond once the dam is removed. He also discussed the methods practitioners use to estimate how much sediment is likely to move, how quickly it will travel, and the risks it may pose downstream, along with the practical decisions project teams face, including when to rely on natural processes, when intervention is needed, and how to design a strategy that balances ecological benefits, cost, and potential impacts.
During the webinar, Geoff highlighted a real-world example of a dam removal project that required careful sediment management: the Paulina Lake Dam removal on the Paulins Kill River in New Jersey. For this project, the team implemented a phased dam breach, gradually lowering water levels to control the release of sediment and allow the river to begin forming its new channel. A portion of the sediment, particularly the highly organic material near the dam, was actively removed to prevent downstream impacts, while the rest was allowed to mobilize naturally.
To learn more about the Paulina Lake Dam removal project and see the transformation in action, click here to read our blog.
Dam Busters is an initiative created by the Mass Rivers Alliance in partnership with the Massachusetts Division of Ecological Restoration and the Charles River Watershed Association. Its mission is to provide dam removal stakeholders with the knowledge and tools needed to successfully support and implement projects.
The program offers expert-led webinars with live Q&A, technical resources and guidance, site visits and hands-on learning opportunities, and in-person workshops and conferences. Whether new to dam removal or actively working in the field, Dam Busters provides valuable, expert-driven insights to help guide dam removal efforts.
Geoffrey M. Goll, PE, a founding partner and the President of Princeton Hydro, has over 35 years of experience in water resources engineering, geotechnical engineering, and river restoration. He is widely recognized for advancing innovative and effective approaches to river restoration.
Geoff holds a B.S. in Civil Engineering from Rutgers University, a Master of Engineering Management from the University of Wisconsin–Madison, and is a licensed Professional Engineer in 11 states. He pioneered dam removals for the purposes of fish passage in New Jersey and has overseen more than 50 dam removal designs. His understanding of sedimentation mechanisms and management of sediment behind impoundments has been instrumental in managing the mitigation of environmental impacts during and after demolition of river and stream obstructions. Click here to learn more about Geoff.
Princeton Hydro is proud to support the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Baltimore District on the Atkisson Dam Removal project, an effort that prioritizes public safety, ecological restoration, and long-term watershed health in Harford County, Maryland.
The Atkisson Dam and Reservoir are located along Winters Run, a 14.6-mile-long river that eventually becomes Otter Point Creek, flowing into the Bush River and eventually the Chesapeake Bay. Constructed in 1942, the concrete gravity dam once served as an auxiliary freshwater supply for Edgewood Arsenal operations. By the 1970s, however, the structure was no longer needed for that purpose. The dam is approximately 468 feet long, rising 46 feet at the spillway and nearly 60 feet at the abutments. Its central feature is a 210-foot-wide, uncontrolled ogee-type spillway, flanked by structural elements along both banks.
Over time, the reservoir has become heavily silted following multiple storm events, and dense vegetation has encroached throughout the impounded area. Removal of the structure will eliminate potential long-term risks associated with dam failure while restoring the free flow of Winters Run, improving water quality and reconnecting habitat.
Recently, Princeton Hydro’s geotechnical engineering team completed the first of several field efforts to support dam removal design. This phase involved a complex setup: mounting an SPT drilling rig onto a barge and navigating down the river to reach sampling locations within the former reservoir. Working from both land and water, the team collected critical geotechnical and sediment data that will inform safe and effective restoration.
Geotechnical Engineer and Certified Construction Specifier Matthew Pappas led on-site coordination. Geotechnical Engineer Marissa Ciocco, PE, joined the team on the barge during drilling days, supporting field coordination and sample collection under challenging conditions.
Future efforts will include direct push sampling using a Marsh Master, along with hand auger investigations, followed by laboratory testing of collected samples. Together, these data will inform a design that addresses sediment management, site safety, and long-term stream stability following dam removal. As the Atkisson Dam Removal project moves forward, we look forward to sharing more updates from the field and highlighting the collaborative efforts that make meaningful restoration possible.
More than a century after the Paulina Lake Dam first altered the Paulins Kill River, the site now tells a very different story. A recent return visit confirms what restoration practitioners know well: when barriers are removed, rivers heal. Today, the Paulins Kill flows freely through the former Paulina Lake Dam site, reconnecting habitats that had been fragmented for generations.
The Paulina Lake Dam stood for nearly 130 years in Blairstown Township, Warren County, NJ. Constructed in the late 1800s to generate hydropower, it had long outlived its original purpose. Like many aging dams across the country, it remained in place despite no longer serving a critical function, while continuing to disrupt river processes and pose growing safety risks.
As reported in CentralJersey.com’s recent feature “The fall of dams and rise of rivers,” the majority of New Jersey’s approximately 1,700 regulated dams were built in the 19th and early 20th centuries to power mills that no longer exist. Fewer than a dozen still serve an essential purpose today. Many persist due to nostalgia, misunderstanding, or uncertainty around removal—despite blocking fish passage, trapping sediment, warming water temperatures, exacerbating flooding, and increasing the risk of failure.
The removal of Paulina Lake Dam was led by The Nature Conservancy (TNC) in partnership with Blairstown Township, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Riverlogic–Renova Joint Venture, and Princeton Hydro. The Office of Natural Resources Revenue awarded a grant to TNC to fund a substantial portion of the removal through the Paulins Kill and Pequest Watershed Natural Resource Restoration Grant Program.
The project advanced through carefully sequenced phases, beginning with controlled notching in late 2023, followed by full demolition and sediment management in 2024, and transitioning into final adaptive management and habitat enhancement in 2025.
The ecological response has been swift and visible.
With the dam removed, more than 7.6 miles of mainstem and tributary habitat have been reconnected at the Paulina Lake site alone. The removal of the Paulina Lake Dam represents one important element of a longer-term, watershed-scale restoration initiative launched in 2013 to restore connectivity and ecological function along the Paulins Kill River. As the downstream most dam on the river, its removal builds upon earlier restoration milestones achieved through the removal of four dams: the Columbia Lake Main and Remnant Dams in 2019, the County Line Dam in 2021, and now the Paulina Lake Dam, progressively reconnecting approximately 45 miles of mainstem and tributary habitat.
Since 2016, The Nature Conservancy has also implemented a 10-year Measures and Monitoring Program to track ecological response and conservation outcomes, providing clear evidence that coordinated, science-based restoration can support a healthier, more resilient river system.
The river channel is actively stabilizing, riffle and run sequences are re-forming, and previously inundated areas are beginning to revegetate. Cooler water temperatures and the restoration of sediment transport processes are enabling the Paulins Kill to function more consistently with a cold, free‑flowing, coarse‑substrate stream system.
This recovery is already benefiting aquatic life. As Beth Styler Barry, Director of Freshwater Programs for The Nature Conservancy in New Jersey, noted in the CentralJersey.com article, “We’re already seeing American shad above the dams that were removed. We’re seeing sea lamprey and American eel. It used to be that only the biggest eels could make it upstream. Now we’re seeing all age classes.”
By reconnecting upstream and downstream populations that had been isolated for generations, the project has also restored connectivity for rare freshwater mussels, including the endangered dwarf wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon) and triangle floater (Alasmidonta undulata).
“All of the organisms in a river like the Paulins Kill evolved to live in a cool, flowing, rocky-bottom stream,” Styler Barry told CentralJersey.com. “When you restore flow, the river begins to heal itself.”
A newly released project video captures this transformation in a way that still images and written updates cannot.
Drawing on aerial footage collected by The Nature Conservancy’s Volunteer Drone Team prior to demolition and by Princeton Hydro throughout and after construction, the video documents the full arc of the Paulina Lake Dam removal from initial notching through full demolition and into the restored conditions visible today. The footage provides a comprehensive look at dam removal in practice, illustrating how careful sequencing, sediment management, and adaptive design allow rivers to recover rapidly once barriers are removed.
Beyond ecological gains, the removal of Paulina Lake Dam has significantly improved public safety and community resilience. In CentralJersey.com, Geoffrey M. Goll, PE, President of Princeton Hydro, emphasized the long-term risks associated with aging dams. “If you don’t take care of them, they’ll come out on their own—and that’s a much bigger problem. Once dams are properly removed, people start to see the value of a free-flowing river.”
Many dams were never designed to withstand today’s hydrologic conditions. With climate change driving more frequent and intense rainfall events, proactive removal reduces flood risk, eliminates inspection and maintenance liabilities, and allows rivers to function as more resilient, self-sustaining systems. At the Paulina Lake site, removal has also improved recreational access and restored a more natural landscape for the community.
While the Paulins Kill now flows freely through the former Paulina Lake Dam site, final project phases focus on adaptive management, targeted bank stabilization, habitat feature enhancement, and native tree planting to support long term ecological resilience. As the river continues to adjust and evolve, the Paulina Lake Dam site stands as a clear example of what is possible when outdated infrastructure is thoughtfully removed and natural systems are given the opportunity to recover.
Across Eswatini’s rural landscape, geography often dictates opportunity. Rivers that swell during rainy seasons can separate families from schools, healthcare, and markets, making daily routines unpredictable and sometimes unsafe. In the three years before the Imphumelelo Footbridge was completed, five people tragically lost their lives and ten were injured attempting to cross during floods. To help address this challenge, volunteers from the Engineers in Action chapter at Rutgers University joined with other students from the University of Iowa, Hofstra University, and Northwestern University, during the summer of 2025, living and working alongside local communities to build the Imphumelelo Footbridge. Each student chapter is responsible for raising the funds needed to purchase construction materials, making the project both a test of resourcefulness and commitment. For Rutgers students, the experience offered not only the chance to apply technical skills in the field, but also invaluable hands-on learning that deepened their understanding of engineering in practice.
At 108 meters long, the Imphumelelo Footbridge is the second longest bridge completed by the Rutgers Chapter in Eswatini, a small, landlocked country in Southern Africa, funded in part by the Microprojects Programme and constructed through the nonprofit Engineers in Action. Now providing safe, year‑round access for more than 1,320 people, the bridge drastically reduces travel distances to healthcare and schools, while standing as a testament to Rutgers students’ commitment to connecting communities and expanding opportunity.
This video offers a glimpse into the construction process itself, showing how the Rutgers Engineers in Action Chapter worked alongside community members in Eswatini to bring the bridge to life. Viewers can see the challenges that arose, the teamwork that solved them, and the collaborative spirit that carried the project from planning to completion:
The Imphumelelo Footbridge was the result of four months of careful preplanning and two months of intensive construction in southern Eswatini. This was the farthest site Engineers in Action has worked on, located nearly three hours by car from the nearest city. The remote setting added complexity to the project, but it also underscored the importance of building a reliable crossing for the communities who would depend on it.
Construction was not without its challenges. When hoisting the suspension cables, the team’s winch broke because it was old and rusted. With the guidance of local masons, students improvised solutions, even resorting to manually knocking the cables to adjust their height. On anchor pouring day, when several batches of concrete were poured to secure the massive blocks through which the cables run, shifting wood supports forced the team to pause, reassess, and slightly reduce the bearing load to ensure stability. Concrete mixing also presented difficulties, since batches sometimes contained too much water.
Rutgers Engineers in Action Co-President, Ula Sokolowski devised a practical solution: mixing gravel, sand, and cement without water, then combining it with the wetter batch to achieve the correct ratio. Reflecting on the experience, Ula noted, "Much of engineering happens behind a desk, but being on site and contributing directly to the build was a completely different experience. Learning how to do every part of the process was not only valuable, but genuinely fun."
Aito Sterle, who served as a Quality Control Manager on Rutgers project in the previous year, the project was equally transformative. Aito explained, “The experience completely changed my engineering mindset. Traveling gave me a new perspective on life and exposed me to a whole variety of problems that required creative solutions. As a quality control manager, I was able to dive into the nitty‑gritty of bridge building and really understand the ins and outs of the process. Even though we weren’t part of the initial design, we felt connected to it on site — documenting each step, taking precise measurements, and ensuring everything was engineered to a T. It opened my eyes to how engineering truly works in the real world.”
The process was a full collaborative effort between students and community members: mixing concrete, sifting sand, moving rocks, and passing buckets of concrete down long human chains. Local masons built walls from stone, while students documented each step and checked measurements to ensure precision. For many community members, the project offered not only a chance to contribute to lasting infrastructure, but also meaningful daily work in a region where jobs are scarce.
The bridge’s completion was celebrated not only by the Rutgers team and local residents, but also by community leaders. At the handover ceremony, MP David Ngcamphalala of Qomintaba emphasized the power of collaboration, stating, “Nothing is impossible when people work together.”
Engineers in Action Program Manager Ana Jovanovic echoed this sentiment, describing the Imphumelelo Footbridge as “a promise of safety, opportunity, and connection. It will save lives, open access to healthcare, and help the next generation reach their classrooms without fear.”
Local leaders also looked ahead to future development. Bucopho of Sigwe expressed gratitude to the Microprojects Programme and appealed for continued support, noting that the dedication of Members of Parliament, Indvuna Yenkhundla, and community leaders gave him confidence that more projects would follow in Qomintaba and Matsanjeni South.
These reflections, reported in the Africa-Press – Eswatini, highlight how the Imphumelelo Footbridge was not only a technical achievement but also a symbol of partnership, resilience, and hope for the communities it serves.
Beyond construction, the Rutgers Engineers in Action team immersed themselves in local life. Prior to travel, students studied language and cultural traditions with the help of a Cultural Relationships Manager, preparing them to build genuine connections. Once in Eswatini, those connections flourished. Community members welcomed the students warmly, eager to share experiences and perspectives.
Every Saturday, soccer matches and games brought students and residents together. Music often filled the downtime at the construction site, with dance becoming a universal language that bridged cultural and linguistic gaps. Families opened their homes to the volunteers, with one household affectionately adopting the students for the duration of their stay.
For Rutgers students, these relationships were as impactful as the bridge itself. The project was not only about engineering a structure, but also about building trust, friendship, and mutual respect across cultures.
Engineers in Action began in 2009 as an international nonprofit dedicated to connecting isolated communities to essential resources through sustainable infrastructure projects. Originally linked with the Bridges to Prosperity program, Engineers in Action has expanded its mission to include not only footbridges, but also water and sanitation systems that empower underserved communities. Student chapters across the United States and Canada have played a vital role in advancing this mission, gaining hands-on engineering experience while helping communities overcome barriers to education, healthcare, and economic opportunity.
To continue building bridges and expanding access to vital resources, Engineers in Action relies on donations. Contributions directly fund materials, logistics, and training that make future projects possible. Supporting Engineers in Action means helping students like those from Rutgers bring their skills to communities in need, while ensuring that families around the world can safely reach schools, hospitals, and markets. For more information check out the chapters Linktree. Readers who wish to make a difference are encouraged to consider donating to the Rutgers Engineers in Action Chapter at their year end campaign or their main donation page and become part of the effort to bridge divides and expand opportunity.
When most people think of engineering, they picture bridges, buildings, and dams rising above the landscape. Yet the performance and longevity of these structures depend just as much on the subsurface conditions beneath them. Geotechnical engineering is the discipline dedicated to investigating, analyzing, and characterizing soil, rock, landscape, and groundwater conditions, and applying that data to the design and construction of safe, resilient, and sustainable infrastructure and restoration projects.
At Princeton Hydro, our geotechnical and soils engineers design and execute customized, cost-effective investigations that provide the parameters needed for successful design. Because geotechnical services touch every stage of a project, our integrated approach of investigation, including soils laboratory testing, analysis, and design, all done in-house, ensures streamlined communication, efficiency, and technical excellence.
This blog offers a closer look at what geotechnical engineering entails, the specialized capabilities Princeton Hydro provides, and real-world examples of how our work supports resilient, sustainable design.
Geotechnical Investigations: Our engineers can perform subsurface investigation, identification, and assessment of accumulated sediment, subsurface soils, and rock, as well as slope stability and stabilization modeling. Our work ranges from foundation type and bearing capacity assessments to mitigation strategies for unsuitable materials. We also regularly conduct forensic geotechnical investigations, which focus on investigating soil-interaction-related failures of engineered infrastructure.
Laboratory Testing: We operate an American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Accredited laboratory in Sicklerville, NJ. This allows us to complete 100% of geotechnical investigation planning and oversight, laboratory testing, analysis, design, and reporting in-house. Our geotechnical laboratory performs a full suite of soils and materials testing, including grain size analysis, plasticity index, organic content, moisture content, compaction characteristics of soil (Standard and Modified Proctor), California bearing ratio (CBR), one dimensional consolidation, and flexible and rigid wall permeability testing under constant or falling head conditions. With this capability, we can rapidly deliver high-quality data to inform project design and construction. Our laboratory is also a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Validated Laboratory. Click here to view Princeton Hydro’s complete accreditation listing and certificate. And, click here to learn more about the USACE Materials Testing Laboratories and Validation.
Field & Construction Services: Our engineers are experienced in construction requirements, design, and methodology for various structures, as well as field inspections and special testing. We have a Certified Construction Specifier (CCS) on staff and ACI-certified concrete field-testing technicians. Our team performs compaction testing of soil and asphalt using a nuclear density gauge, reinforcing steel inspections, and 2006 International Building Code (IBC) special inspections. We help determine foundation type, site improvements, and optimal construction techniques.
Dredging & Sediment Investigations: Over our 25-year history, we’ve managed more than 100 dredging projects across freshwater and estuarine systems. We specialize in beneficial reuse of dredged material for ecological restoration, including wetland creation, thin-layer placement, and living shorelines. Our team provides sediment characterization, slope stability modeling, and contaminant analysis in complex, developed watersheds.
To bring this work to life, we’ve chosen a few Princeton Hydro projects that showcase where our geotechnical expertise helped solve unique challenges:
At Spring Creek Park North in Jamaica Bay, New York, decades of urbanization and dredged material placement had degraded more than 40 acres of tidal marsh and uplands. To address this, Princeton Hydro provided subsurface investigations and design services for a large-scale ecosystem restoration led by the USACE New York District, in partnership with NYC Parks.
A key design assumption was the reuse of excavated material: soils removed from wetland areas were repurposed to construct upland hills, supporting both ecological function and cost-effective implementation. Our work included geotechnical borings, slope stability analyses, and hydraulic modeling, as well as the collection of topographic and bathymetric survey data, wetland delineations, vegetation assessments, and hydrodynamic measurements. This data informed the development of slope stability and hydraulic models and guided the restoration design.
The project advanced through a structured engineering design process — with 30%, 60%, 90%, and 100% design submissions — along with preparation of technical specifications, permit applications, and a detailed construction cost estimate. When complete, the project will restore more than 43 acres of marsh and upland habitat, improving water quality, enhancing biodiversity, and strengthening climate resilience in one of New York City’s most ecologically significant coastal systems.
Princeton Hydro was contracted by USACE Philadelphia District to perform offshore subsurface geotechnical investigations in support of reconstructing the Indian River Inlet jetty at Delaware Seashore State Park. Working under challenging marine conditions, our team successfully advanced deep geotechnical borings (to depths of 100 feet) from a lift boat platform, collected soil samples, performed laboratory testing including triaxial strength, consolidation, and direct shear tests; and delivered detailed soil data. Despite difficult sea states, we maintained close communication with USACE to ensure safety and project continuity.
The resulting data provided USACE with critical insight into subsurface conditions, helping inform design alternatives for the new jetty structure.
At the Killcohook Confined Disposal Facility (CDF), Princeton Hydro carried out a large-scale subsurface investigation to support USACE Philadelphia District’s plans for raising the site’s perimeter dikes. The project site, formerly a National Wildlife Refuge, is located in Pennsville, New Jersey, on the eastern bank of the Delaware River, to the north of Fort Mott State Park and adjacent to the Supawna Meadows Wildlife Refuge. Each cell of the CDF receives dredge material from the Delaware River. The subsurface explorations performed by Princeton Hydro were conducted along the existing dike comprising the border of Cell 1 of the CDF. Cell 1 consists of an area of approximately 710 acres with the entire CDF covering 1,200 acres.
For this exploration project, Princeton Hydro was tasked with the performance of thirty-one (31) geotechnical borings as well as sixty-five (65) cone penetrometer tests with porewater measurements (CPTu) soundings. Princeton Hydro also provided site safety oversight in accordance with USACE standards. Soil samples were logged and collected by Princeton Hydro and tested at their Sicklerville, New Jersey geotechnical laboratory, which is accredited under the AASHTO Accreditation Program and validated by USACE for soils testing.
The data collected is now being used by USACE to design the upgraded dike system, ensuring safe, resilient operation of the facility for future dredged material management.
At the 545-acre Pedricktown North Confined Disposal Facility in Oldmans Township, New Jersey, located on the Delaware River west of Route 130 between Porcupine Road and Pennsgrove-Pedricktown Road, Princeton Hydro conducted a comprehensive subsurface investigation in support of a dike raising project led by the USACE Philadelphia District.
As part of this field exploration, our team performed eight geotechnical borings, thirty-eight cone penetrometer tests with porewater measurement (CPTu) soundings, and collected five grab samples. These efforts provided critical soil strength and settlement data to inform USACE’s design of the upgraded dike system.
In addition to managing subcontractors and ensuring compliance with USACE safety protocols, Princeton Hydro oversaw the field program, coordinated directly with the Project Manager, and delivered the final geotechnical report. This investigation is supplying USACE with essential geotechnical data to guide the design and construction of the improved dike infrastructure.
Coastal communities are on the frontlines of climate change, facing rising seas, stronger storms, and eroding shorelines. At the same time, these landscapes provide critical habitat and natural defenses that protect people, ecosystems and myriad wildlife. Coastal ecological restoration restores natural systems and strengthens future resilience to climate impacts.
Earlier this month, our team joined the New Jersey Coastal Resilience Collaborative (NJCRC) for its Coastal Ecological Restoration Technical Workshop, a full-day, in-person event held at the Rutgers EcoComplex in Bordentown, NJ. The workshop convened coastal stakeholders, researchers, practitioners, and managers to share knowledge and explore the latest science advancing coastal ecological restoration.
The day began with a work group session, “Advancing Science-Based Ecological Restoration Across New Jersey’s Coast,” led by a panel of experts and followed by an interactive Q&A. Click here to view the presentation. Participants then chose from a variety of technical sessions covering topics such as, eDNA and Water Quality as Indicators of Coastal Ecological Health; Smart Permitting for Restoration; and Diatoms as Ecological Indicators in Living Shoreline Applications.
Dana Patterson Grear, Princeton Hydro's Director of Marketing & Communications, delivered an engaging presentation titled, "How to Build a Digital Communications Toolkit for Climate Action." She provided practical guidance for turning communication into a powerful tool for advancing ecological restoration and climate resilience, including how to develop tailored climate messaging, understand the values of your audience and remove personal bias, and determine your level of engagement and capacity. Dana's presentation broke down complex communication strategies into actional steps that attendees can apply directly to their work. Click here to view her presentation slides.
Beyond the educational workshops, networking breaks, shared meals, and a post-workshop reception created opportunities to connect and collaborate. And, as a fun and fitting bonus, each participant went home with a complimentary native plant courtesy of Pinelands Nursery.
Coastal ecological restoration involves the rehabilitation and creation of coastal ecosystems, like wetlands, reefs, and shorelines, with the goal of restoring the natural processes and functions. These efforts provide long-term protection from erosion, create habitat for fish and wildlife, and build community resilience against flooding and storm surge.
At Princeton Hydro, we understand the impacts of climate change, including sea level rise, and use tools such as vulnerability assessments to inform our restoration designs. Our team specializes in designing and implementing living shorelines and habitat restoration projects. We combine field data, empirical approaches, ecological and geomorphic understanding, hydrologic and hydraulic modeling, and state-of-the-art computer programming technology to develop our designs. Our nature-based solutions deliver lasting ecological and community benefits.
A prime example of this work is the Spring Creek North Ecosystem Restoration project, located in Brooklyn and Queens, NY. Once part of the expansive Jamaica Bay wetland system, Spring Creek's salt marshes were heavily degraded over the last century. Princeton Hydro was contracted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New York District to lead the design and engineering for this restoration effort. Construction efforts began in early October 2025. Once completed, the project will restore approximately 43 acres of habitat within a 67-acre footprint, including low and high marsh, scrub shrub wetland, and maritime upland. Efforts also aim to improve water quality, increase biodiversity, and strengthen the overall Jamaica Bay ecosystem.
The following photos depict the degraded habitat and pre-construction conditions of the site. Stay tuned to our blog for more photos from each of the project phases.
We are thrilled to announce that Warrington Township received the prestigious 2025 Pennsylvania Governor's Award for Environmental Excellence for the transformative ecological uplift initiative at Lion’s Pride Park—a collaborative restoration effort for which Princeton Hydro served as the design, regulatory, and construction administration lead.
Each year, the Governor’s Environmental Excellence Awards, administered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) under the leadership of Governor Josh Shapiro, recognize innovative projects that demonstrate a strong commitment to environmental protection, climate resilience, community engagement, and sustainability. Winning projects are selected for their measurable environmental outcomes, creative approaches to conservation, and the strength of their partnerships. For 2025, only 19 projects across the entire Commonwealth were selected for this honor, highlighting the exceptional impact and innovation of each initiative.
In a press release, PADEP Acting Secretary Jessica Shirley said, “The Environmental Excellence honorees embody the innovative thinking needed to protect our environment and shape a more sustainable future here in Pennsylvania. Together, we will spur the next generation of environmental stewards. These projects showcase our ability to work collaboratively to preserve and protect Pennsylvania’s natural resources.”
The Lion’s Pride Park Ecological Restoration Project stood out as a model of creative collaboration, forward-thinking design, and community engagement. This ambitious effort transformed an overgrown, flood-prone pond into a thriving, accessible wetland mosaic that now supports native biodiversity, mitigates stormwater impacts, and provides a wide range of environmental education and outdoor recreation opportunities.
Spanning 47 acres, Lion’s Pride Park serves as a vital green space for the Warrington Township community. However, the pond at the center of the park was affected by invasive species overgrowth, chronic flooding, and declining water quality.
To address these issues, Warrington Township and Warrington Environmental Advisory Council partnered with Princeton Hydro to develop and implement a comprehensive restoration strategy. Beginning in 2020, the team conducted detailed site investigations, including bathymetric surveys, sediment analysis, and wetland delineations to understand the site’s specific challenges and ecological potential.
The work culminated in the design and regulatory coordination of a restoration plan focused on converting the pond area into a biodiverse emergent wetland system. Some of the key project elements include:
Throughout the process, Princeton Hydro led the permitting and compliance efforts, securing approvals from PADEP, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), and Bucks County Conservation District to ensure that the project met both ecological and regulatory standards.
Now, the revitalized wetland serves as a habitat haven for birds, pollinators, and native plant species; reduces nonpoint source pollutants discharged to downstream waters; and provides accessible pathways and observation platforms so all community members may learn from and enjoy this restored landscape. Click here to learn more about the Lion's Pride Park restoration effort.
On Tuesday, June 10, the Governor’s Award for Environmental Excellence was formally presented at a ceremony hosted by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection. Attending on behalf of the project were Ivy Ross, member of the Warrington Township Environmental Advisory Council; Andy Oles, Parks and Recreation Director for Warrington Township; and Amy McNamara, EIT, CPESC, Water Resources Engineer and Engineering Services Technical Project Manager at Princeton Hydro. Their presence at the ceremony reflected the strong inter-agency collaboration and shared commitment that made this award-winning project possible.
“This project exemplifies how ecological restoration can do so much more than improve habitat—it can strengthen community resilience, foster environmental stewardship, and create lasting educational opportunities,” said McNamara. “We’re incredibly proud to have partnered with Warrington Township, the Advisory Council, and others to bring this vision to life, and are honored to see that work recognized at the state level.”
Pictured below from left to right: Ivy Ross Warrington Township Environmental Advisory Council; Andy Oles Warrington Township Parks and Recreation Director; Amy McNamara EIT, CPESC, Princeton Hydro Water Resource Engineer and Engineering Services Technical Project Manager.
Congratulations to Warrington Township and everyone who made the Lion’s Pride Park Ecological Restoration Project a success! And, thanks to Ivy Ross for providing great photos from the awards event.
Click here for more information and to read about all the award-winning projects selected for 2025. We invite you to explore the links below to learn more about the organizations that contributed to this effort:
Welcome to our “A Day in the Life” blog series, where we explore the diverse expertise and everyday experiences of the professionals who power Princeton Hydro’s mission. In this edition, we follow Casey Pantaleo, PE, a licensed Professional Engineer and Senior Project Manager on the Engineering Services team as he performs one of his highly specialized roles: dam inspection.
Casey meets the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP)’s criteria for a “qualified engineer,” meaning he is licensed in New Jersey, has more than a decade of relevant experience in dam design, construction, operation, and evaluation, and possesses a deep understanding of the potential causes and consequences of dam failures. He routinely conducts detailed inspections to help ensure the safety and stability of dams across New Jersey and throughout the Northeast.
These structures, which play crucial roles in flood control, water supply, and recreation, require routine maintenance and monitoring to protect downstream communities and preserve infrastructure integrity.
Spend a day with Casey and you’ll quickly realize that dam safety inspection is anything but routine—it’s equal parts technical expertise, historical context, and regulatory navigation, along with a good pair of waterproof boots.
Before heading into the field, the inspection process begins with reviewing the dam’s existing documentation; the scope of that review depends on the type of inspection being conducted.
For a Formal Inspection, the process requires an in-depth review of all available records on the dam. This typically takes place in person at the NJDEP Bureau of Dam Safety office and should be completed prior to the field visit.
For a Regular Inspection, the inspector reviews the most recent inspection report, the dam’s Emergency Action Plan (EAP), and the Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Manual. This step is essential for understanding the dam’s history, known concerns, and any previous recommendations or repairs.
Both inspection types involve a detailed on-site visual examination of the dam. The Bureau of Dam Safety provides a standardized inspection checklist that guides this process. The checklist includes specific criteria for earthen embankments, concrete/masonry dams, and their spillway structures.
“For earthen embankment dams, we assess the overall alignment, crest, upstream and downstream slopes, and dam abutments,” explains Casey. “We’re looking for signs of settlement, depressions, slope instability, seepage, and other indicators of distress.”
For concrete dams, inspectors evaluate the upstream and downstream faces, crest, foundation, abutments, and any interior galleries. The key concerns here are material condition, cracking, seepage, and structural movement.
The spillway, which is often inspected last, requires identification of all structures associated with overflow and release. Depending on the dam’s configuration, this may include primary, secondary, or emergency spillways.
Components typically observed include:
“Every dam is different,” Casey adds. “Not all structures have every component listed on the checklist, so part of our job is tailoring the inspection to the specific site configuration.”
The Formal Inspections checklist also includes a review and description of previous engineering studies and analyses, which ensures the dam continues to meet regulatory requirements. These formal evaluations are required every six years for Class I (high hazard) dams, and every ten years for Class II (significant hazard) dams.
All findings from both the field inspection and records review are compiled into a detailed inspection report, which includes photographic documentation and a formal condition rating:
The report also outlines a compliance schedule, proposing timelines for maintenance work, additional studies, or other corrective actions. Once complete, the report is signed and sealed by a licensed Professional Engineer (PE) and submitted to both the client and the Bureau of Dam Safety.
With the planning and records review process complete, Casey prepares for the physical site visit. Dam inspections often require a full day in the field, so preparation is key.
The first step before heading to the site is preparing an Activity Hazards Analysis (AHA). This document outlines the specific activities planned during the inspection, identifies potential hazards associated with each task, and defines the control measures used to eliminate or reduce risk. The AHA also includes the location of the nearest hospital or urgent care facility in case of injury.
Common hazards associated with dam inspections include slips, trips, and falls, insect nests, poison ivy, working near water, and occasionally, working on or near active roadways. Seasonal risks are also considered, such as the potential for heat illnesses during the summer months or cold-related injuries in the winter.
With safety protocols in place, Casey reviews the inspection schedule, checks the weather forecast, prints site maps, and gathers all the necessary personal protective equipment—waders, hard hat, and high-visibility vest—along with essential tools like a tape measure, measuring wheel, tile probe, field notebook, and camera.
Each tool plays a specific role. The tape measure is used for small-scale assessments, such as measuring cracks or depressions. The measuring wheel helps determine distances between notable features onsite. The tile probe allows Casey to gauge the density and consistency of embankment soils and to investigate for voids in concrete structures. It also comes in handy for checking the depth of animal burrows or the extent of subsurface voids within the dam.
“Having the right measuring tools is absolutely essential,” Casey explains. “We aim to collect the most detailed measurements possible so future inspections can determine whether a condition is getting worse. We also try to anticipate every potential hazard and ensure we have everything we might need before leaving the office. Sometimes we’re hiking through thick brush to reach a spillway or crawling into an outlet conduit—so having a solid plan and the right gear isn’t just helpful, it’s critical.”
Today’s inspection takes place at Assunpink Dam #6, an earth embankment dam located in Robbinsville Township, Mercer County, New Jersey. Built in 1975, the dam is part of a flood control system designed to reduce risks along Assunpink Creek. The structure stands 31 feet high and stretches 2,500 feet long, with a total storage capacity of 12,653 acre-feet. It features a concrete spillway and an upstream water control structure. Owned by the New Jersey Division of Fish & Wildlife, the dam is regulated by the state and classified as a high-hazard structure—meaning its failure could result in significant downstream impacts, making regular inspections essential.
To begin the inspection, Casey walks the full length of the embankment, conducting a detailed visual assessment. He looks for telltale warning signs: animal burrows, seepage, erosion, settlement, slope instability, and woody vegetation that could damage the dam face or block visibility during future inspections. One of the most common and problematic issues he encounters is overgrown vegetation, which can significantly hinder the ability to properly evaluate the structure. Keeping the dam clear is critical for spotting early warning signs and maintaining long-term safety.
“Each dam tells its own story,” Casey explains. “Some may show signs of movement, others are perfectly stable. One site might have seepage issues, while another remains completely dry. It all depends on the structure and how it’s aged.”
He carefully inspects the embankment and associated structures for signs of movement, depressions, sloughing, cracking, and uncontrolled seepage, any of which could indicate an underlying issue that requires remediation.
“We follow a standard checklist during every inspection, but each dam is unique,” he adds. “Part of the job is understanding how these systems were built—some decades or even over a century ago—and how they’ve changed over time.”
After completing the full inspection, including the downstream toe, abutments, and emergency spillway, Casey wraps up his field notes, double-checks measurements, and ensures that all required photos have been captured. Before leaving the site, he often debriefs with the site representative, noting any immediate maintenance needs and outlining the next steps in the reporting process.
Back in the office, Casey begins transcribing his notes into a formal inspection report. He uploads and labels photos, updates GIS data where applicable, and reviews the dam’s historical inspection records to identify long-term trends or recurring issues. These records often help tell a broader story about the structure’s condition over time, highlighting vegetation growth, erosion patterns, or the effectiveness of past repairs.
Safety is always the top priority. If the inspection reveals anything that could pose an immediate risk to people or property downstream, such as uncontrolled seepage, excessive settlement, or slope instability, Casey contacts the dam owner and the NJDEP right away to recommend prompt action. Beyond urgent concerns, the inspection report also includes recommendations for routine maintenance and identifies any outdated analyses or studies that should be updated.
In many cases, the findings involve standard upkeep: clearing overgrown vegetation, reseeding disturbed areas, monitoring minor cracks or depressions, or maintaining access to critical features. One frequently emphasized point is the importance of operating the dam’s low-level outlet, if one is present, on a regular basis. Doing so helps ensure the outlet remains free of sediment or debris and functions properly in an emergency when water levels need to be lowered quickly.
New Jersey is home to more than 1,700 dams, according to data from NJDEP Bureau of Dam Safety. These regulated structures range from low-hazard to high-hazard classifications, the latter being dams whose failure could result in significant property damage or loss of life. Regular inspections are not only a regulatory requirement, but a frontline defense against catastrophic failure. They help identify small problems before they become serious, support safe operation, and guide critical maintenance and repair decisions that protect both people and ecosystems.
“Dam inspection doesn’t always get the spotlight, but it’s essential,” says Casey. “We’re helping communities prevent disasters before they happen by keeping a close eye on structures that quietly serve very big purposes.”
For more information about New Jersey’s dam infrastructure and safety programs, go here!
Casey Pantaleo, PE has over a decade of experience in the Geotechnical Engineering field and expertise in dam inspection, stormwater infrastructure, and regulatory permitting. He is a licensed Professional Engineer in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, and New York. He maintains a wide range of professional responsibilities for the firm including subsurface explorations, development of geotechnical laboratory testing programs, shallow and deep foundation analysis and design, settlement evaluation, earth retaining system design, slope stability analyses, and management of geotechnical field operations. He also has extensive experience with stormwater infiltration analysis and testing, as well as performing annual dam inspections in compliance with the NJDEP Division of Dam Safety. He completes regular inspection reports, as well as reviews of O&M Manuals and Emergency Action Plans. He has experience with the design of dams for rehabilitation, preparation of engineering plans, and submission of relevant dam permits.
Casey earned his Master of Science in Civil Engineering with a Geotechnical focus from Rowan University. While at Rowan he performed comprehensive research on the effects of particle morphology in geotechnical testing using discrete element modeling and has several peer reviewed journal and conference publications outlining the results of this research.
At Princeton Hydro, we take pride in fostering a culture of continuous learning and professional growth. Today, we're delighted to celebrate the accomplishments of two team members whose recent certifications exemplify this commitment. Their achievements not only reflect individual dedication but also enhance our firm’s collective ability to innovate and deliver exceptional environmental solutions.
Scott Churm, Senior Director of Field Services, recently became a PRO Certified EutroSORB® Specialist—a designation granted by SePRO Corporation to professionals trained in the implementation of EutroSORB Water Quality Technologies for phosphorus control in lakes and ponds.
EutroSORB® is a cutting-edge technology designed to reduce phosphorus levels, curtail eutrophication, and restore the health of aquatic ecosystems. To earn this certification, Scott completed specialized training and passed a comprehensive exam, demonstrating his advanced knowledge in evaluating water quality issues and prescribing targeted, effective solutions.
Since joining Princeton Hydro in 2006, Scott has led our pond and lake management services with unmatched expertise. From identifying invasive aquatic species to overseeing long-term management plans, his work spans hundreds of sites and over 1,000 acres. He’s a licensed pesticide applicator in five states and has implemented a wide range of techniques, from hydro-raking and weed harvesting to aeration system installations and biological controls, to support the health and balance of aquatic environments.
With this new certification, Scott adds another tool to his already expansive toolbox, further reinforcing our team’s ability to restore and preserve water bodies across the region.
Matthew Pappas, a Geotechnical Engineer at Princeton Hydro, recently earned the prestigious CCS® credential from the Construction Specifications Institute (CSI). This certification demonstrates advanced proficiency in specification (spec) writing, construction documentation, and product research—critical skills that improve project delivery and communication across all phases of construction.
To become CCS-certified, candidates must pass a rigorous exam that evaluates their understanding of contracts, technical documentation, and spec development best practices. With this achievement, Matthew joins a select group of professionals recognized for their ability to clearly and effectively communicate design intent, construction materials, and performance standards.
Since joining Princeton Hydro in 2019, Matthew has worked across disciplines, supporting our geotechnical practice and green infrastructure initiatives. His responsibilities span from field investigations and laboratory testing to slope stability and sediment modeling to spec drafting and cost estimating. He’s also earned several technical responsibilities, including serving as the firm's Radiation Safety Officer and receiving training in concrete field testing.
Matthew's initiative and adaptability have made him a valuable asset to our team, and his CCS certification further exemplifies his dedication to technical excellence and lifelong learning.
Congratulations to Scott and Matthew on their well-earned achievements! To learn more about the Princeton Hydro team, click here.
The removal of Paulina Lake Dam marks a significant step in restoring the Paulins Kill River. With the spillway demolished, dredging completed, and the trail bridge stabilized as of October 2024, the transformation has been remarkable. A new project video now captures this rapid evolution and celebrates the progress made.
We invite you to watch the new video documenting the removal process for the Paulina Lake Dam. The video's captivating aerial footage, taken by The Nature Conservancy (TNC) Volunteer Drone Team before demolition and by Princeton Hydro throughout and after the removal process, showcases the dramatic transformation of the site. The video walks viewers through each removal phase, from initial notching to full demolition, while highlighting what’s next in the ongoing Paulins Kill River restoration effort.
The removal of Paulina Lake Dam is part of a broader effort to restore the Paulins Kill River and its ecosystem. Since 2019, four dam removals, including Columbia Lake’s remnant and main dams (2019), County Line Dam (2022), and Paulina Lake Dam (2024), have reconnected 45 miles of river habitat, allowing native species like brook trout and migratory fish to thrive.
Beyond enhancing aquatic and terrestrial connectivity, the dam’s removal mitigates safety hazards, improves water quality, and expands recreational opportunities for the community. It also contributes to ongoing wetland and riparian zone restoration, including the reforestation of the floodplain and protection of critical habitats.
While the dam is gone, restoration efforts are not quite over. In early Spring, the project team will initiate the third and final project phase by visiting the site to assess and plan for adaptive management work, which will commence in July 2025. During this final push, the project team will enhance habitat features, stabilize riverbanks in select locations, and plant native trees, ensuring a thriving ecosystem for years to come. Stay tuned for more updates as we continue to witness the transformation of the Paulins Kill.
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