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Wissahickon Valley Park is one of Philadelphia’s most treasured natural resources, welcoming more than two million visitors each year. Over time, flooding, erosion, and stormwater runoff have taken an increasing toll on the park, threatening water quality, trail safety, and recreational access.
To help protect and sustain this vital landscape and community resource, Friends of the Wissahickon (FOW), in partnership with Princeton Hydro, is conducting a comprehensive resiliency and flood study along Forbidden Drive and its seven adjacent access trails. One of the most important voices in this process is yours. A public survey is now open through June 6 to gather input on flooding, erosion, and trail conditions in these targeted areas. Your feedback will play a key role in shaping the study’s priorities and recommendations.
The new Streambank Resiliency and Flood Study builds upon the 2017 Forbidden Drive Drainage System Assessment and expands its focus to address ongoing challenges such as stormwater runoff, sediment discharge, streambank instability, and interior flooding along Forbidden Drive and its adjacent trails. As part of the study, Princeton Hydro is reassessing previously identified drainage features and conducting a comprehensive site evaluation to better understand how conditions have changed over time and where new problem areas have emerged.
At the first public meeting earlier this month, community members played an active role in shaping the direction of the study. The session began with an overview of the project’s purpose, scope, and methodology, including preliminary findings on areas most vulnerable to flooding, sediment discharge, and streambank instability. Attendees also had the opportunity to ask questions and engage directly with the project team, helping to build a shared understanding of the challenges facing the park.
Following the presentation, participants took part in an interactive mapping exercise designed to gather site-specific knowledge from those who know the park best. Working in small groups around large, printed maps of the study area, attendees identified flood-prone zones, areas of active erosion, and locations where trail conditions have declined over time along Forbidden Drive and its access points. Participants marked up the maps and shared observations, stories, and ideas for potential restoration opportunities, creating a collaborative and hands-on dialogue about the park’s needs.
This exercise generated valuable, location-specific insight that is already informing the study. Participants highlighted:
In addition to identifying problem areas, attendees also shared perspectives on what makes the park special and where restoration efforts could have the greatest impact. This type of feedback is critical to ensuring the study reflects real-world conditions and community priorities. To ensure the most comprehensive understanding of conditions in the targeted areas, the project team is looking to hear from an even broader range of park users.
While engineers and scientists are conducting in-depth field investigations and comprehensive technical analyses, they do not experience the park in the same way as those who use it regularly. The firsthand perspective of park visitors is invaluable for identifying problem areas and guiding solutions and priorities that truly reflect how the park is used and experienced.
Summer is on the horizon, and with it comes a season full of opportunities to get outside, connect with the community, and celebrate the places and causes that matter most. From educational gatherings and technical workshops to family-friendly festivals, this year's Summer Events Spotlight offers something for everyone. Read on for event details and registration links.
Pinelands Alliance will host its 4th Annual Pinelands Science Forum from 8:30 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. on Wednesday, June 3, in their newly renovated, historic dairy barn. This year’s theme, “Water: The Lifeblood of the Pines,” will explore the hydrology of South Jersey, future climate impact projections, and the rich aquatic biodiversity supported by these systems, with a special focus on the Kirkwood‑Cohansey Aquifer. This abundant and distinctive aquifer supplies fresh drinking water to hundreds of thousands of New Jersey residents and supports the globally unique habitats of the Pine Barrens. Princeton Hydro is proud to sponsor this event and participate in this important conversation.
The Mass Rivers Alliance, in partnership with the Massachusetts Division of Ecological Restoration and the Charles River Watershed Association, created Dam Busters to equip dam removal stakeholders with the knowledge and tools needed to successfully advance and implement removal projects. The program offers a range of learning opportunities, including webinars, resource materials, site visits, in-person workshops and conferences, and a new technical assistance program.
The free, publicly accessible webinar series features engaging expert presentations followed by interactive Q&A sessions that address participants’ most pressing questions. The June 3 webinar will feature Princeton Hydro President Geoffrey M. Goll, PE, who will present on sediment management in dam removal.Geoffrey M. Goll is a nationally recognized expert in dam removal, with significant experience in New Jersey. He has contributed to more than 100 dam removal projects, specializing in ecological restoration and fish passage. His work includes leading projects on the Musconetcong River, where dam removals have helped restore migratory pathways and support the return of American shad. With expertise spanning water resources engineering, geotechnical engineering, and environmental management, Goll is a key leader in advancing effective and sustainable dam removal practices.
The Society of American Military Engineers (SAME) New Jersey and Philadelphia Posts, in partnership with Joint Base McGuire Dix Lakehurst (JBMDL), are hosting an in-person Industry Day on AI/Automation. The event will feature speakers from the U.S. Coast Guard, Small Business Administration, JBMDL Civil Engineering Office, and industry organizations, sharing practical insights, case studies, and forward-thinking strategies on integrating AI into A/E/C practices. Participants will also have the opportunity to network with federal government representatives and industry leaders. Princeton Hydro is sponsoring the event, and Director of Marketing and Communications Dana Patterson Grear will facilitate a panel discussion.
The NJ Climate Change Resource Center will host the 2026 NJ Climate Change Research Symposium at Rutgers University in Piscataway, NJ on June 10. This one-day event will highlight the latest research across natural and social science, economics, engineering, and policy, advancing climate change understanding, evaluation, and response in New Jersey while fostering a collaborative research community. Princeton Hydro Senior Technical Director of Ecological Services, Dr. Fred Lubnow, will lead a workshop on incorporating climate change and resilience into lake management planning.
The Native Plant Conference at Bowman's Hill Wildflower Preserve in New Hope, Pennsylvania, offers a full day of learning and inspiration in an idea setting: a 134-acre haven dedicated to native plants and biodiversity. Formerly known as the Land Ethics Symposium, the event brings together a diverse audience of landscape professionals, educators, students, homeowners, and sustainability advocates for expert-led sessions and a highly anticipated keynote. Attendees will gain practical and innovative insights on creating ecologically sound, economically viable landscapes using native plants and sustainable practices. Princeton Hydro is proud to sponsor this year’s event and hope to see you there!
The 8th Annual Moorestown Paddle Board & Kayak Race and Family Festival takes place June 13 at Strawbridge Lake in Moorestown, NJ, offering a full day of fun on the water from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Hosted by the Strawbridge Lake Beautification Committee and sponsored in part by Princeton Hydro, this community-driven fundraiser supports ongoing lake improvements, including new kayak launches, a pollinator garden, and expanded recreational access. Participants can choose from 1-, 2-, and 4-mile race options, or take part in the crowd-favorite cardboard-and-duct-tape boat building challenge. Open to all ages and skill levels, the event combines friendly competition with family activities, all while raising funds that go directly toward enhancing and preserving Strawbridge Lake, a valued community resource.
Join the SAME New Jersey and New York City Posts for their annual Scholarship Golf Outing, a signature event dedicated to supporting the SAME scholarship program and helping students offset rising tuition costs. The outing will be held at Picatinny Golf Club in Dover, New Jersey. The day kicks off at 8:00 AM with breakfast, followed by a 10:00 AM shotgun start for 18 holes of golf. Attendees can wrap up the day with happy hour and a BBQ dinner. Princeton Hydro is proud to be part of this meaningful event: Chief Operating Officer Megan Hunter Ruf serves on the planning committee, and our team looks forward to attending. Please note: Registration is required by July 7. We hope to see you there!
Conservation professionals, land stewards, and researchers from across New Jersey gathered for the New Jersey Invasive Species Strike Team Conference, the most comprehensive statewide forum dedicated to invasive species management. The conference was presented by Friends of Hopewell Valley Open Space (FoHVOS), an accredited nonprofit land trust committed to land protection, resource conservation, and community engagement.
The conference was held at the Boathouse at Mercer Lake, which provided an ideal backdrop for a day focused on protecting New Jersey’s natural landscapes. The conference, which Princeton Hydro was proud to sponsor, included exhibitor tables, networking opportunities, and a variety of presentations. The day kicked off with welcome remarks from Jenn Rogers, Executive Director of FoHVOS, and representatives from Mercer County Parks. Educational sessions throughout the day explored the dynamic and evolving challenges facing New Jersey’s ecosystems, cutting-edge academic research, and practical, field-based solutions for mitigating invasive species:
Native to the Yangtze and Amur River basins in China, the silty pond mussel (Sinanodonta woodiana) is a highly invasive freshwater species that has spread worldwide, often without detection. Its life cycle makes early identification especially difficult: microscopic larvae, known as glochidia, attach to the gills of host fish, allowing the mussel to move unnoticed through connected waterways and establish new populations far from their point of origin.
This stealthy mode of transport is believed to be how the silty pond mussel arrived in the United States. The species was first documented in 2010, when it was discovered in New Jersey Conservation Foundation’s Wickecheoke Creek Preserve, which previously operated as a fish farm and is now protected land. Although the mussel had likely been present for several years, its absence from North American records meant it went undetected until genetic confirmation was completed. Investigations identified invasive bighead carp imported for aquaculture as the most likely pathway of introduction.
The discovery raised immediate concern because of the preserve’s ecological significance. Located in Hunterdon County, the Preserve supports nearly 400 native plant species and 14 miles of high‑quality streams. It sits at the headwaters of Wickecheoke Creek, a tributary of the Delaware River that connects to the Delaware and Raritan Canal, part of a drinking water system serving approximately one million New Jersey residents.
Once established, silty pond mussels can overwhelm aquatic ecosystems. During the presentation, Scott Churm and Dr. Emile DeVito explained that invasive mussels may account for over 75% of total benthic biomass in affected waterbodies. Such dominance can disrupt food webs by outcompeting native mussels; harm fish when larvae attach to their gills, sometimes triggering fatal biological responses; reduce biodiversity; and alter water chemistry, ultimately degrading habitat quality for both plants and animals.
Following the initial discovery of the silty pond mussel, testing conducted by the New Jersey Invasive Species Strike Team, the New Jersey Endangered and Nongame Species Program, and the North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences confirmed the presence of this invasive species. With confirmation in hand, early eradication efforts began, centered on careful detection and sustained monitoring to better understand the scope of the infestation.
To assess the extent of the mussel’s presence, response teams combined traditional field surveys with advanced scientific techniques. This integrated approach included SCUBA and snorkel surveys, physical sampling of mussels and stream substrates, and environmental DNA (eDNA) testing, which detects trace genetic material released by organisms into the water and allows scientists to identify species that may not yet be visible during field inspections.
Together, these methods made it possible to find both established populations and early-stage infestations. In 2021, researchers applied highly sensitive genetic markers developed by Rutgers University to determine whether the silty pond mussel had escaped the former aquaculture ponds and spread into surrounding waterways. Initial eDNA sampling focused on Wickecheoke Creek Preserve, where testing provided a clearer picture of the species’ distribution and helped validate findings from visual surveys.
Monitoring efforts later expanded beyond the preserve. In 2021 and 2022, water samples collected from the Raritan River at the confluence of the Millstone and Raritan Rivers produced positive eDNA detections for silty pond mussel. These results pointed to the potential presence of a population within the Raritan River Watershed and highlighted the need for a rapid, coordinated response to prevent further spread.
Together, these methods made it possible to identify both established populations and early-stage infestations. Initial eDNA sampling focused on the preserve, where testing provided a clearer picture of the species’ distribution and helped confirm results from visual surveys. Based on those findings, monitoring efforts expanded to connected waterways where the researchers applied highly sensitive genetic markers developed by Rutgers University to determine whether the silty pond mussel had escaped the former aquaculture ponds and spread beyond Wickecheoke Creek Preserve. In 2021 and 2022, water samples collected from the Raritan River at the confluence of the Millstone and Raritan Rivers yielded positive eDNA detections for silty pond mussel. These results indicated the possible presence of a population within the Raritan River watershed and reinforced the need for a rapid, coordinated response to limit further spread.
Eradication efforts at Wickecheoke Creek Preserve began with extensive planning and regulatory review to ensure treatments would be both effective and protective of surrounding ecosystems. Before field work could proceed, the project team secured all required state permits, verified pond depth and water volume to calculate precise treatment dosages, posted public notices and signage throughout the site, and established protocols for daily safety briefings and site inspections. This preparation ensured the project was conducted safely, transparently, and in full compliance with permit requirements.
Following this approval phase, Princeton Hydro’s licensed applicators, working closely with SePRO and project partners, implemented a targeted treatment using Natrix®, an EPA-registered chelated copper pesticide formulated specifically for invasive mollusk control. Treatments were designed to maintain copper concentrations at 1 part per million for a minimum of 96 hours. To ensure consistent and accurate dosing, water samples were collected and analyzed twice daily at an onsite laboratory throughout the treatment period.
This work is part of an adaptive, science-driven eradication strategy that depends on clear roles and close collaboration among partners. The approach is both preventative and responsive, allowing the team to adjust tactics based on monitoring results and site conditions. The project is supported by funding from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Delaware River Greenway Partnership through the Lower Delaware Wild and Scenic Program.
Looking ahead, the work at Wickecheoke Creek Preserve reflects the themes emphasized by Scott and Emile during their presentation: the importance of early detection, scientific innovation, and coordinated response in addressing invasive species. Continued collaboration among scientists, agencies, conservation organizations, and local communities strengthens the ability to respond quickly and adaptively, while education and public awareness support long-term prevention. Together, these efforts contribute to the protection of native species and freshwater systems and support the ongoing stewardship of our natural spaces.
From tidal estuaries and back bays to nearshore marine waters, New Jersey’s coastal environments support fisheries, recreation, wildlife, and local economies. Increasingly, however, these valuable ecosystems are vulnerable to a wide range of harmful algal blooms (HABs). While algae are a natural and essential part of aquatic ecosystems, certain environmental conditions can cause some species to grow excessively, leading to ecological damage, public health risks, and economic losses.
Understanding what HABs are, what drives them, and how nature‑based restoration strategies can prevent or mitigate blooms is essential to supporting the long‑term resilience of New Jersey’s coastal environments.
The term "algae" is ecological rather than taxonomic and encompasses a diverse group of organisms, including eukaryotic algae, such as diatoms and dinoflagellates, and prokaryotic cyanobacteria, commonly referred to as blue‑green algae. Algae are not inherently harmful. In fact, they provide critical ecosystem services, including:
Phytoplankton are microscopic, free‑floating algae found in freshwater, estuarine, and marine environments. Scientists estimate there are 20,000 to more than 100,000 phytoplankton species, but only a small fraction—roughly 100 to 300 species—are capable of forming toxin‑producing harmful algal blooms. Problems arise when these species proliferate rapidly under favorable conditions. These blooms can become harmful when they produce toxins, deplete oxygen, shade submerged vegetation, or otherwise disrupt ecosystem function.
While most harmful algal blooms are caused by phytoplankton, large, fast‑growing macroalgae can also create serious environmental and economic challenges when conditions allow them to proliferate. A well‑known example is Sargassum, a floating seaweed that can form extensive mats across the ocean surface. During periods of rapid growth, these mats can block sunlight from reaching coral reefs and other sensitive habitats. When Sargassum washes ashore in large quantities, it can deter tourism and recreation. As the algae decomposes, it releases hydrogen sulfide gas, producing strong odors that make nearby coastal areas unpleasant to visit. While Sargassum blooms occur most summers along the coast of south Florida, the severity and extent of these events vary considerably from year to year.
HABs can form in freshwater systems, brackish estuaries, and coastal marine waters, and they are particularly dangerous with myriad when they produce toxins that affect humans, pets, livestock, fish, shellfish, and wildlife.
Below is a closer look at the dominant types of marine HABs in the region, the organisms responsible, and the environmental conditions that influence their development.
Brown tides are associated with several diatom genera, such as:
These blooms are influenced by a combination of physical, chemical, and climatic factors, including:
Ulva, commonly known as sea lettuce, is a green macroalga that can form extensive blooms in shallow, nutrient‑rich estuaries. Another common bloomer, Enteromorpha, is now considered genetically equivalent to Ulva. Although Ulva blooms are non‑toxic, they can still cause serious ecological and social impacts:
Cyanotoxins should not be confused with taste‑and‑odor (T&O) compounds. Cyanotoxins are colorless, tasteless, and odorless whereas T&O compounds, such as geosmin and MIB, cause earthy or musty smells. Cyanobacteria can produce T&O compounds without toxins as well as toxins without noticeable odors.
This distinction can complicate detection and public perception of risk.
These HABs, the region's most common, illustrate the wide range of organisms, toxins, and ecological pathways through which algal blooms can affect coastal systems. Although they differ in form, from microscopic phytoplankton to expansive mats of macroalgae, they are often driven by a common set of environmental conditions that favor rapid growth and persistence. Climate change is intensifying many of these drivers. Rising water temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and longer periods of stratification increasingly create conditions that favor bloom formation. At the same time, human activities continue to increase excess nutrients to coastal waters. Runoff from agricultural lands, chemicals transported by rainfall and irrigation, and discharges from wastewater treatment facilities all introduce nitrogen and phosphorus into rivers, lakes, and estuaries. These nutrients act as fertilizer for algae, accelerating bloom development.
Nutrient‑laden stormwater runoff does not remain localized, rather, it moves downstream through interconnected watersheds, ultimately reaching estuaries and coastal waters where it can contribute to marine blooms. Understanding these linkages between land use, climate, and algae growth is critical to identifying effective strategies for preventing and managing HABs in coastal environments.
This Earth Day, students from Foundation Academy Collegiate in Trenton, NJ took their learning beyond the classroom through an immersive placemaking workshop hosted by Princeton Hydro. Designed as a real‑world, community‑based challenge, the experience invited students to reimagine a section of Trenton currently under study as part of the proposed Route 29 relocation project, which aims to reconnect the community to the Delaware River.
The goal was simple but powerful: give students a firsthand look at how planning, engineering, and community engagement shape the places they live, and let them experience those processes in action.
To start the workshop, students explored the basics of land use, Trenton’s development history, and the many steps that go into shaping an engineering project. They learned how planning, engineering design, permitting, construction, funding, and community engagement all work together to influence what gets built and why. With support from the "experts," they analyzed printed maps and photos of the selected site, identifying existing conditions and imagining what could be improved.
Once the activity began, the room quickly transformed into a bustling design studio. Each group received a large map of the site and a spread of crafting materials like blocks, clay, paper, and markers. From there, they built their vision for a future Trenton.
Some groups focused on green space and walkability. Others imagined mixed‑use corridors, safer crossings, or new community gathering areas. A few even experimented with stormwater‑friendly designs, weaving in concepts they had learned earlier in the session.
Throughout the activity, the "experts" from Princeton Hydro including an Engineer, Environmental Scientist, Grant Writer, Communications Specialist, Landscape Architect, and Wildlife Biologist, moved between tables, answering questions, offering technical insight, and encouraging students to think about how different stakeholders might view the same space. Residents, businesses, commuters, environmental groups, and city officials all bring different priorities to the table, and the students quickly discovered how complex those perspectives can be. The students were challenged with questions like "How are you going to fund this project?" "What's your engagement strategy to sell this to your peers?" and "How are you going to manage potential flooding from the river or stormwater in the park?"
Becky Taylor, a longtime Trenton advocate, co‑chair of the Cadwalader Park Alliance, and leader of Trenton Walks! also joined the teaching team for the day. Her work supporting Cadwalader Park’s restoration and experience leading dozens of walks throughout the City has connected her deeply with residents across the city. She is a strategic public affairs executive and small business owner, so as she engaged with students, she encouraged them to think about how public spaces carry history, identity, and community memory, and how thoughtful design can help strengthen those connections.
The students also learned something planners and engineers know well: There is rarely a single right answer. Every design choice involves tradeoffs, and every community space should reflect the values of the people who help shape it.
After building their models, each group presented their development plan to the room as if they were selling their vision to their local community in a public meeting. They explained their design choices, highlighted community needs, and described how their ideas could improve quality of life for residents.
The presentations were thoughtful, creative, and deeply rooted in the students’ lived experience. Many spoke about wanting safer streets, more places to gather, and greener, more welcoming public spaces. Others emphasized the importance of honoring Trenton’s history while planning for its future. They designed features such as a flower garden, a pier for fishing, a stormwater park, wildlife habitat, sports fields, and a kid's playground. One group proposed to elevate the new Route 29 so that the community could walk directly from downtown to their new riverfront park without safety issues of crossing a road. Another group deemed the waterfront development "Trenton 2.0" with trees lining the riverfront, renewable wind energy, and raised housing.
For our team, this workshop reinforced what we already know to be true: youth engagement in STEAM education matters. Young people notice how a place feels to move through, where it feels safe or unsafe, and what kinds of spaces are missing in their daily lives. When given the tools, they articulate those needs with confidence. They also tend to think collaboratively, naturally considering community needs alongside their own.
By learning how land use works and seeing the steps behind planning and development, students begin to understand how decisions are made and how those decisions affect the character of their neighborhoods. Most importantly, they start to see themselves as active participants in shaping their city rather than passive observers. Their insights help ground planning conversations in lived experience, and their voices strengthen the long‑term vision for any community project.
We are grateful to Foundation Academies for spending Earth Day with us and for bringing their energy and insight to this design challenge. As the Route 29 relocation/waterfront study continues, we remain committed to creating opportunities for meaningful participation, especially from young people who will inherit the outcomes of today’s planning decisions.
Nutrient-driven water quality impairments, particularly harmful algal blooms (HABs), continue to challenge lake managers, municipalities, and watershed organizations across the Northeast. Excess phosphorus and nitrogen can rapidly degrade ecological conditions, limit recreational use, impact sources of potable water, and increase management costs, often despite the implementation of conventional best management practices. As a result, there is growing interest in tools that can complement or augment existing approaches and address nutrients in more targeted ways.
Biochar has emerged as one such tool. While it is best known as a soil amendment, its physical, chemical, and biological properties have prompted increasing use in aquatic systems as a means of improving water quality. Over the past five years, Princeton Hydro has applied biochar in a range of lakes, ponds, streams, and stormwater-related settings across Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York. These field applications, supported by monitoring, have provided important insight into when biochar is most effective, where its limitations lie, and why observed improvements in water quality are not always explained by phosphorus removal alone.
Biochar is a carbon-rich, charcoal-like material produced through pyrolysis, a process in which organic biomass is heated in a low-oxygen environment. The resulting material has a highly porous structure and extensive surface area, properties that make it effective at adsorbing nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen (Joseph et al., 2021). Because excess nutrients are a primary driver of eutrophication and HABs, biochar has emerged as a promising amendment for aquatic systems and stormwater best management practices (BMPs).
In aquatic applications, biochar is typically installed in permeable sleeves (aka socks) or incorporated into stormwater treatment practices to intercept nutrient-rich water before it enters lakes or ponds. Used biochar can also be repurposed as a soil amendment, adding to its appeal as a sustainable, circular material.
Through approximately half a dozen monitored projects implemented since 2020, several consistent patterns have emerged.
Standing Waters Show the Strongest Response: Biochar has proven most effective in low-flow or standing water environments such as ponds and stormwater basins. In these systems, Princeton Hydro has documented total phosphorus (TP) removal rates as high as 80%, with soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) reductions approaching 97% in some stormwater ponds (Princeton Hydro, Lake Hopatcong Report, 2022). The extended contact time between water and biochar in these settings appears to be a key driver of performance.
Flow and Contact Time Matter: In streams and fast-moving stormwater infrastructure, nutrient removal rates tend to be lower, with phosphorus reductions typically closer to 50%. While still meaningful, these reduced efficiencies are largely attributable to limited contact time. Simply put, the shorter the interaction between water and biochar, the fewer opportunities there are for adsorption and other removal processes to occur.
Enhancement to Conventional Stormwater BMPs: Biochar can be particularly effective when paired with stormwater BMPs that primarily rely on sedimentation. Traditional practices often excel at removing particulate-bound phosphorus but are less effective at capturing dissolved forms of phosphorus—the fraction most readily utilized by algae. Incorporating biochar into these systems can enhance removal of dissolved phosphorus, improving overall treatment performance.
Streams Present Physical Challenges: Installing biochar in stream environments presents practical challenges. Even with careful anchoring, large storm events, including remnants of hurricanes, can dislodge biochar sleeves, transporting them downstream or onto streambanks. These risks must be considered during design and often limit the suitability of biochar for higher energy systems.
Chemistry Alone Does Not Tell the Whole Story: At very high pH levels, phosphorus adsorption onto biochar can become less predictable, sometimes exhibiting a “decoupling” between measured phosphorus sorption and observed water quality improvements. Monitoring data from multiple projects indicate that reductions in chlorophyll-a, cyanobacteria abundance, and overall bloom severity cannot always be explained by phosphorus removal alone.
The disconnect between measured nutrient sorption and improved water quality suggests that additional mechanisms are at work. Increasingly, evidence points toward biological processes occurring within and around biochar installations.
Biochar is known to favor the growth and proliferation of heterotrophic bacteria (Moore et al., 2023). These microbial communities may contribute to water quality improvements in the following ways:
This emerging science mirrors what Princeton Hydro has observed in the field: water quality can improve in ways that chemical measurements alone do not fully explain, suggesting that biological processes may be playing an important supporting role.
Since 2020, Princeton Hydro has applied biochar across a range of aquatic and stormwater settings, tailoring each installation to site-specific conditions and management goals. Together, these projects demonstrate biochar’s versatility and its ability to integrate into holistic watershed and lake management strategies, often working best when paired with other nature-based and engineered solutions.
At Duke Farms, a 2,700-acre estate in New Jersey, Princeton Hydro has supported lake and wetland management efforts for more than two decades. Biochar was recently introduced as an additional tool within an established, science-based nutrient management program. By placing biochar in low-flow areas where contact time could be maximized, phosphorus removal was enhanced and improvements in water clarity were observed. This effort highlights how biochar can be layered into long-term management strategies alongside floating wetland islands and other nature-based solutions.
Harvey’s Lake, the largest natural lake in Pennsylvania, has long faced challenges associated with nutrient loading and recurring HABs. As part of a broader stormwater management effort, Princeton Hydro incorporated biochar into select stormwater BMPs to reduce phosphorus before it entered the lake. Installed within targeted stormwater conveyance and treatment features, the biochar helped achieve measurable reductions in dissolved phosphorus, complementing other watershed-scale measures such as vegetated buffers and wetland enhancements. The spent biochar, having captured phosphorus and nitrogen from runoff, was then repurposed as a soil amendment to enrich a 500-square-foot pollinator garden. This repurposing effort served a dual purpose: demonstrating a closed-loop approach to managing excess nutrients while also creating a community-oriented space that supports local biodiversity.
Across multiple stormwater projects in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, biochar has been installed in detention basins, rain gardens, and other stormwater treatment devices. These applications were designed to target dissolved phosphorus, a nutrient form that conventional BMPs can struggle to remove. In several cases, biochar was paired with other nutrient control measures such as floating wetland islands to further improve nutrient capture. Collectively, these projects illustrate how biochar can be adapted and scaled to address local water quality challenges across diverse settings.
At Lake Hopatcong, New Jersey’s largest lake, biochar was deployed as part of a comprehensive, multi-pronged strategy to reduce nutrient concentrations and mitigate HABs. Biochar was installed in permeable flotation bags and placed at targeted shoreline and inlet locations where nutrient loading is most pronounced, including several stormwater inlets and outlets around the lake. Funded through the NJDEP Freshwater HABs Prevention & Management Grant Program and implemented in partnership with the Lake Hopatcong Commission and the Lake Hopatcong Foundation, these installations complemented other in-lake management measures such as floating wetland islands.
In Manhattan's Central Park, Princeton Hydro supported the Central Park Conservancy in developing and implementing a long-term management strategy for the park's network of lakes and ponds, where harmful algal blooms driven by excess nutrients were a persistent concern. As part of a broader, phased approach to improve water quality, biochar was incorporated as a nutrient reduction tool and will be incorporated alongside other measures such as floating wetland islands, aeration and circulation, and stormwater treatment techniques. Used in targeted locations, biochar helped support efforts to reduce nutrient loading and mitigate cyanobacteria blooms within these highly visible urban waterbodies.
Across these projects, biochar installations have been associated with measurable reductions in total and dissolved phosphorus, decreases in chlorophyll‑a concentrations, and lower cyanobacteria cell counts. While performance has varied by site, the strongest and most consistent results have occurred in enclosed or low‑flow environments where contact time is maximized and physical disturbance is minimized. When thoughtfully designed and integrated with other BMPs, these case studies show how biochar can contribute meaningfully to broader efforts to reduce nutrient loads and improve overall water quality.
Biochar is not a one-size-fits-all solution. Reviewing site-specific water quality data is essential to determine whether biochar is an appropriate standalone treatment or should be combined with complementary approaches. Ongoing and future research is focused on better quantifying the relative contributions of chemical adsorption and biological activity associated with biochar. Current studies, including collaborative efforts with academic partners, aim to document pollutant removal capacity, characterize microbial communities, and evaluate biochar’s potential role in degrading cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins. As these processes continue to be studied and further understood in the water quality context, biochar may become an increasingly valuable component of integrated, science-based watershed management strategies.
Dr. Fred Lubnow, Princeton Hydro's Senior Technical Director of Ecological Services, and Jenn Rogers, Executive Director of Friends of Hopewell Valley Open Space (FoHVOS), were recently featured on the Native Plants, Healthy Planet podcast to discuss the collaborative, first‑of‑its‑kind initiative to monitor Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) in the Delaware River Watershed using drones, spatial analysis, and community science.
The Delaware River is a lifeline for more than 14 million people, a refuge for wildlife, and a defining natural feature of the region. In recent years, HABs, once confined mostly to lakes and ponds, have expanded into streams and rivers and appearing in colder months. Understanding why this shift is happening, and how to predict it, is essential for protecting water quality, public health, and ecological resilience within the Delaware River watershed and watersheds nationwide.
The podcast, hosted by Fran Chismar and Tom Knezick of Pinelands Nursey, highlights the urgency of addressing HABs and the innovative, cross‑sector partnership driving this work forward. Listen now: Harmful Algal Blooms with Dr. Fred Lubnow and Jenn Rogers.
Jenn Rogers, Executive Director of FoHVOS, brings two decades of conservation leadership to the partnership. Her background spans naturalist education, ecological stewardship, and the development of large-scale restoration and public engagement programs. During her fourteen years with the Mercer County Park Commission, she helped establish both the Environmental Education and Stewardship Departments and oversaw the care of more than ten thousand acres of parkland.
Jenn has spent her career building programs that connect people to the landscapes around them. Her commitment to community-driven conservation make her a key partner in a project that relies on both scientific rigor and public participation. Her perspective highlights how land use, watershed health, and community stewardship are deeply interconnected.
Dr. Fred Lubnow serves as Princeton Hydro’s Senior Technical Director of Ecological Services and brings more than 30 years of experience in limnology, watershed restoration, and community and ecosystem ecology. His career has focused on understanding how freshwater systems respond to nutrient loading, hydrologic change, and long-term environmental pressures. He has designed and led numerous lake and watershed restoration projects, developed USEPA Nine-Element and TMDL-driven watershed plans, and created field-based cyanobacteria and cyanotoxin monitoring programs that are now used across the region.
Fred’s expertise in the taxonomy, ecology, and management of algae, particularly cyanobacteria, has made him a leading voice in the study of HABs. He currently serves on New Jersey’s HABs Advisory Team, where he helps interpret water quality data and advises on mitigation strategies. His scientific leadership guides the technical design and implementation of the Delaware River HAB monitoring initiative.
Now entering its second year, the Delaware River HAB monitoring initiative is expanding both its scientific scope and its community engagement efforts. Building on the foundation established in 2025, the project team is conducting multi‑season drone flights, enhanced satellite‑based surveys, and targeted on‑the‑water sampling along 73 miles of the Delaware River and 24 connected waterbodies. These efforts are designed to strengthen the project’s ability to detect and forecast HABs under a wide range of seasonal and environmental conditions.
Year two also introduces several tools and activities intended to support broader participation and more efficient data collection. This includes the launch of a new ArcSurvey123 mobile data platform to support real‑time volunteer water quality submissions, as well as expanded training opportunities for community members interested in assisting with field sampling. Data collected through these efforts will contribute to the development of advanced algorithms capable of forecasting HAB occurrence at multiple spatial scales.
Funded by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation's (NFWF) Delaware Watershed Conservation Fund (DWCF), in partnership with U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, the project continues to be supported by a diverse network of partners across New Jersey and Pennsylvania, including The City University of New York's (CUNY) New York City College of Technology (City Tech), Trenton Water Works, Mercer County Park Commission, The College of New Jersey, Aqua-PA, Philadelphia Water Department, Bucks County Conservation District, Turner Designs, and US Army Corps of Engineers - Philadelphia District's Blue Marsh Lake. Together, these organizations contribute technical expertise, watershed knowledge, and crucial on‑the‑ground support. This collaborative approach remains central to the initiative’s success and long‑term objective: establishing a scalable HAB‑forecasting framework that can ultimately be applied to additional watersheds across the United States.
For a deeper look at the research, partnerships, and shared commitment behind this initiative, listen to the full Native Plants, Healthy Planet podcast presented by Pinelands Nursery. Click here to learn more about the Pinelands Nursery and explore the full library of Native Plants, Healthy Planet podcasts. If you're interested in getting involved in the Delaware River HAB research initiative, the program is currently seeking volunteers for water sampling along the Delaware and select waterbodies. Contact FoHVOS Conservation Biologist Kaitlin Muccio at: kmuccio@fohvos.org for more details.
Municipal ordinances, when thoughtfully drafted and effectively implemented, are among the most powerful tools for protecting watersheds, managing stormwater, preserving forests and wetlands, and reducing flood risk. While the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) provides baseline regulatory standards, these requirements function only as minimum thresholds. Under New Jersey’s home rule framework and the Municipal Land Use Law (MLUL), municipalities have broad authority to shape development patterns and use zoning, environmental ordinances, and master planning to adopt standards aligned with their community’s environmental constraints and development demands.
How municipalities put this authority into practice framed a recent webinar hosted by The Watershed Institute: “Municipal Ordinances: Key to Environmental Protection.”
Moderated by Michael Pisauro, Esq., Policy Director for The Watershed Institute, the webinar brought together three experienced practitioners to explore how municipalities can leverage local ordinances to strengthen environmental protection and community resilience:
Each presenter approached the issue from a different, complementary lens: science, land use law, and regulatory practice.
Mark began the webinar with an overview of New Jersey’s natural green infrastructure (forests, floodplains, riparian corridors, wetlands, and meadows) and its role in supporting stormwater management. Engineered systems are most effective when the surrounding natural landscapes can absorb, slow, and filter runoff. He stressed that municipalities shape the fate of these natural systems through their zoning and development decisions, making local ordinances essential to watershed health.
Mark examined how decades of land alteration, including stream channelization and straightening, impervious surface expansion, and floodplain encroachment, have dramatically changed stream systems across the state. As runoff volume increases, so does the frequency and duration of bankfull flows, which widen channels, erode banks, and transport sediment. A key indicator of watershed imbalance is floodplain disconnection: in healthy systems, streams access their floodplains during frequent storm events, dissipating energy and reducing downstream impacts. In many developed watersheds, streams remain confined within incised channels except during major storms, worsening erosion and downstream flooding.
Mark directly connected these environmental realities to municipal decision-making. Municipal ordinances play a critical role in maintaining and restoring the natural systems that support stormwater management, water quality, and community resilience. Municipalities can shape new development and use redevelopment projects as opportunities to repair historic environmental damage.
He highlighted municipal tools that strengthen watershed function, including well-crafted stream corridor ordinances, updated Environmental Resource Inventories (ERIs), master plan policies that prioritize open space preservation, and watershed improvement strategies that integrate ecological restoration with engineered BMPs.
Michele centered her presentation on a key message: the legal tools are already there for municipalities to guide growth responsibly, but they must be applied proactively and with precision.
She addressed a common assumption heard at planning board hearings: “If it’s zoned for it, it must be appropriate.” That assumption, she explained, is not always grounded in environmental analysis. Zoning districts set permitted uses and density ranges, but often without carefully accounting for wetlands, floodplains, sensitive habit, or limited infrastructure capacity.
For years, municipalities operated under the belief that the MLUL’s uniformity clause required identical development yield across parcels within a zone. However, the New Jersey Supreme Court's decision in "Rumson Estates, Inc v. Mayor Council of Borough of Fair Haven" (2003) clarified that municipalities may calibrate density based on the physical characteristics of a property. Environmentally constrained parcels don't need to support the same development intensity as unconstrained sites.
Michele also emphasized the importance of updating land-use definitions. Outdated definitions can inadvertently allow impacts far beyond what the original ordinance intended. Warehouse standards are a clear example: many were written decades ago and don't account for today's 24/7 high‑cube logistics operations with heavy truck traffic. She noted that timing of these updates is also critical. Under the MLUL’s “time of application” rule, existing zoning is locked-in once an application is filed, meaning municipalities must revise their ordinances before developers submit proposals.
Master plans also play a critical role. A well-designed plan evaluates full build-out potential, accounts for infrastructure and resource limitations, and directs growth away from sensitive areas. She urged municipalities to anticipate emerging high‑impact uses, such as data centers, and set appropriate standards in advance.
Michael G. Sinkevich outlined the legal framework that empowers municipalities to regulate environmental impacts and enforce local standards. He demonstrated how federal law, state regulations, and municipal authority intersect, especially in zoning and stormwater management, to create a strong foundation for local environmental protection.
Municipal authority to adopt environmental protections comes from two main sources: First is the zoning power granted under the MLUL, which allows towns to guide development in ways that protect public health, safety, and welfare. The MLUL also outlines what zoning ordinances may regulate, such as building density. The second source is municipal "police power," which permits towns to adopt environmental regulations, as long as they're consistent with state law, when needed to protect people, property, and general welfare. Together, these authorities give municipalities flexibility to craft and enforce environmental safeguards.
He highlighted tree protection ordinances as a clear example of validated municipal authority: In "New Jersey Shore Builders Association v. Township of Jackson" (2009), the New Jersey Supreme Court upheld Jackson Township’s ordinance that required developers to replace removed trees or pay into a dedicated planting fund, formally recognizing the critical role trees play in stormwater management and climate resilience.
Michael also reviewed MS4 permit requirements, which obligate municipalities to manage stormwater across public and private development. Beyond the permit itself, he emphasized that municipal land use boards have an independent responsibility to ensure compliance with state stormwater rules and cannot simply defer to NJDEP. To support municipalities in meeting these obligations, he highlighted several useful resources, including The Watershed Institute, New Jersey Future, Sustainable Jersey, ANJEC, and NJDEP.
Whether you serve on a governing body, land use board, or environmental commission, or work as an engineer, planner, or attorney, the full webinar offers practical insight into how local ordinances shape environmental outcomes. Community members and neighborhood advocates will also find the discussion clear, accessible, and directly relevant to how development decisions affect their town.
Watch the full webinar here:
The Watershed Institute regularly hosts workshops on stormwater management, watershed protection, and climate resilience. Click here to explore their extensive library of recorded webinars and sign-up for the next one.
On February 12, Princeton Hydro Senior Wildlife Biologist Mike McGraw, CSE, QAWB, ACE joined Bird Town Pennsylvania for a virtual Zoom workshop titled “A Wholistic Approach to Managing Residential and Park Scale Habitats for Rare and Common Bird Species.” The talk brought together ecological science, practical land‑stewardship guidance, and a powerful call to reimagine how communities support thriving bird populations across Pennsylvania and beyond.
Bird Town PA’s Education Committee hosted the webinar as part of its ongoing effort to connect residents, landowners, and municipal leaders with science‑based strategies that enhance local biodiversity. Their mission, centered on community education, habitat conservation, and sustainable landscaping, aligned seamlessly with the themes Mike explored throughout the presentation.
To help extend the reach of this insightful discussion, we’ve collected highlights from the workshop and invite you to watch the full presentation:
Mike’s presentation provided a comprehensive look at the ecological principles behind bird behavior, the habitat features that sustain both common and rare species, and the steps landowners and municipalities can take to strengthen biodiversity within residential and park‑scale landscapes. He wove together life‑history science, soil and plant ecology, practical stewardship strategies, and community‑based conservation approaches to illustrate how thoughtful land management can meaningfully support bird populations across Pennsylvania.
He emphasized that all wildlife depends on very specific combinations of biotic and abiotic conditions, meaning that changes in habitat structure, vegetation, soils, and climate directly influence which species can persist in a landscape.
To illustrate this, Mike walked attendees through:
By examining real examples of species and their migratory behaviors, Mike demonstrated how the presence (or absence) of certain bird species can serve as a diagnostic indicator of habitat function and ecosystem health, revealing signs of environmental stress, habitat fragmentation, and the impacts of climate change.
Mike outlined the fundamental elements birds need to thrive, including food, water, shelter, mates, and protected nesting or rearing spaces, and demonstrated how providing these through intentional plant selection, structural habitat diversity, and management practices rooted in natural processes results in predictable increases in wildlife use.
He paired these concepts with a practical decision‑making framework for landowners and municipalities, encouraging them to understand soils as living systems, increase plant diversity, and use ecological tools such as USDA zones and native plant lists to guide planning. Mike also highlighted the important role residential and municipal landscapes can play in supporting rare and declining bird species, offering real‑world examples and resources to help translate ecological principles into effective habitat improvements.
Access to nature is a fundamental right, and every community has the power to help shape a healthier ecological future. With this message in mind, Mike outlined a variety of ways residents and municipalities can support bird species of greatest conservation need, including implementing building standards that incorporate bird-safe features, expanding education on responsible pet practices such as keeping cats indoors, ensuring feeding stations remain clean, and adding decals to windows around the home to prevent bird strikes. He emphasized the importance of expanding and enhancing public parks and green spaces, particularly in underserved areas, and supporting programs that foster stronger connections between people and the natural world.
Mike McGraw is a Certified Senior Ecologist and Wildlife Biologist with more than 20 years of experience conducting ecological assessments, wildlife surveys, and conservation-focused research across the United States and Canada. His work spans ecological restoration, regenerative agriculture research, and master planning for large landscapes. He teaches Avifaunal Ecology at the University of Pennsylvania and serves on several municipal and land trust committees. Some of Mike’s research on regenerative agriculture has been documented in film.
The webinar was hosted by the Bird Town PA Education Committee of Bird Town Pennsylvania, LLC. Bird Town PA partners with communities to promote sustainable practices, habitat conservation, and public education aimed at supporting Pennsylvania’s bird species. Through workshops, citizen science initiatives, and municipal programs, they empower people to make informed decisions that benefit both wildlife and human well-being. Learn more at birdtownpa.org.
Princeton Hydro is proud to announce our work with The Nature Conservancy (TNC) at South Cape May Meadows Preserve received the New Jersey Chapter of the American Society of Landscape Architects (NJASLA) Honor Award in the Landscape Architectural Design: Site Design category.
The award recognizes the Boardwalk Trail, a newly created half‑mile universally accessible route that offers visitors an immersive experience through one of the region’s most ecologically significant landscapes. Commissioned by TNC, the project was envisioned to provide inclusive public access and environmental education while safeguarding a fragile ecosystem that serves as a vital stopover along the Atlantic Flyway.
Award winners were celebrated during the NJASLA design Awards Program at Harrah's in Atlantic City. Landscape Architect Cory Speroff, PLA, ASLA, CBLP of Princeton Hydro, who served as both lead designer and project manager, accepted the award.
The South Cape May Meadows Boardwalk Trail sits within a 200-acre freshwater wetland estuary complex, a site historically restored by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to function as a natural sponge—filtering runoff, storing stormwater, and supporting amphibians, aquatic plants, and migratory birds. Nestled between historic Cape May, Cape May Point, and the Delaware Bay-Atlantic Ocean shoreline, the preserve is framed by protective dunes and a rich mosaic of sensitive habitat.
Designing a public trail within such a dynamic wetland required a careful balance of human experience and habitat preservation. The project’s goal: create an inviting, educational, and fully accessible route without disturbing critical hydrology, soils, or wildlife.
Wetlands present a unique set of constraints, including seasonal water fluctuations, soft soils, sensitive habitat, and tight regulatory requirements. Traditional construction methods and materials risked unnecessary disturbance and long‑term maintenance issues, making innovation essential.
To minimize impacts, the design team utilized helical pile foundations installed with lightweight equipment. This allowed the boardwalk to be constructed from the top down, significantly reducing ground disturbance. Material selections, such as recycled plastic deck boards, anodized aluminum structural components, and stainless‑steel fasteners, were chosen for their durability and resilience in the harsh coastal environment.
The result is a low‑impact, elevated boardwalk that blends seamlessly into the landscape, allowing visitors to experience the wetland’s seasonal rhythms while deepening their understanding of its ecosystems, preserving ecological function, and ultimately serving as a model for sustainable recreation in sensitive environments.
The NJASLA Design Awards Program "highlights exemplary works of landscape architecture and brings recognition to organizations and individuals who demonstrate superior skill in the practice and study of landscape architecture." Each year, the NJASLA Design Awards Program is juried by a sibling ASLA chapter; this year’s jury consisted of selected members of the Arizona ASLA Chapter, who evaluated submissions based on design excellence, innovation, and alignment with professional standards.
This year’s NJASLA Design Awards program featured 17 entries, with only nine receiving awards: one Chapter award, three Honor awards, and five Merit awards. Entrants must be full or associate ASLA members, and submissions are evaluated on strict criteria that reflect the organization’s mission to elevate professional standards and expand public awareness of landscape architecture. In addition to being showcased during the awards celebration, award winners will be featured in upcoming NJASLA newsletters, on the chapter website, and in event displays promoting excellence in landscape architecture across New Jersey.
To learn more about NJASLA and this year's award-winning projects, go here. To learn more about the South Cape May Meadows Preserve and our work with TNC to create a space where people of all abilities can enjoy nature, reflect, and find peace, go here.
More than a century after the Paulina Lake Dam first altered the Paulins Kill River, the site now tells a very different story. A recent return visit confirms what restoration practitioners know well: when barriers are removed, rivers heal. Today, the Paulins Kill flows freely through the former Paulina Lake Dam site, reconnecting habitats that had been fragmented for generations.
The Paulina Lake Dam stood for nearly 130 years in Blairstown Township, Warren County, NJ. Constructed in the late 1800s to generate hydropower, it had long outlived its original purpose. Like many aging dams across the country, it remained in place despite no longer serving a critical function, while continuing to disrupt river processes and pose growing safety risks.
As reported in CentralJersey.com’s recent feature “The fall of dams and rise of rivers,” the majority of New Jersey’s approximately 1,700 regulated dams were built in the 19th and early 20th centuries to power mills that no longer exist. Fewer than a dozen still serve an essential purpose today. Many persist due to nostalgia, misunderstanding, or uncertainty around removal—despite blocking fish passage, trapping sediment, warming water temperatures, exacerbating flooding, and increasing the risk of failure.
The removal of Paulina Lake Dam was led by The Nature Conservancy (TNC) in partnership with Blairstown Township, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Riverlogic–Renova Joint Venture, and Princeton Hydro. The Office of Natural Resources Revenue awarded a grant to TNC to fund a substantial portion of the removal through the Paulins Kill and Pequest Watershed Natural Resource Restoration Grant Program.
The project advanced through carefully sequenced phases, beginning with controlled notching in late 2023, followed by full demolition and sediment management in 2024, and transitioning into final adaptive management and habitat enhancement in 2025.
The ecological response has been swift and visible.
With the dam removed, more than 7.6 miles of mainstem and tributary habitat have been reconnected at the Paulina Lake site alone. The removal of the Paulina Lake Dam represents one important element of a longer-term, watershed-scale restoration initiative launched in 2013 to restore connectivity and ecological function along the Paulins Kill River. As the downstream most dam on the river, its removal builds upon earlier restoration milestones achieved through the removal of four dams: the Columbia Lake Main and Remnant Dams in 2019, the County Line Dam in 2021, and now the Paulina Lake Dam, progressively reconnecting approximately 45 miles of mainstem and tributary habitat.
Since 2016, The Nature Conservancy has also implemented a 10-year Measures and Monitoring Program to track ecological response and conservation outcomes, providing clear evidence that coordinated, science-based restoration can support a healthier, more resilient river system.
The river channel is actively stabilizing, riffle and run sequences are re-forming, and previously inundated areas are beginning to revegetate. Cooler water temperatures and the restoration of sediment transport processes are enabling the Paulins Kill to function more consistently with a cold, free‑flowing, coarse‑substrate stream system.
This recovery is already benefiting aquatic life. As Beth Styler Barry, Director of Freshwater Programs for The Nature Conservancy in New Jersey, noted in the CentralJersey.com article, “We’re already seeing American shad above the dams that were removed. We’re seeing sea lamprey and American eel. It used to be that only the biggest eels could make it upstream. Now we’re seeing all age classes.”
By reconnecting upstream and downstream populations that had been isolated for generations, the project has also restored connectivity for rare freshwater mussels, including the endangered dwarf wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon) and triangle floater (Alasmidonta undulata).
“All of the organisms in a river like the Paulins Kill evolved to live in a cool, flowing, rocky-bottom stream,” Styler Barry told CentralJersey.com. “When you restore flow, the river begins to heal itself.”
A newly released project video captures this transformation in a way that still images and written updates cannot.
Drawing on aerial footage collected by The Nature Conservancy’s Volunteer Drone Team prior to demolition and by Princeton Hydro throughout and after construction, the video documents the full arc of the Paulina Lake Dam removal from initial notching through full demolition and into the restored conditions visible today. The footage provides a comprehensive look at dam removal in practice, illustrating how careful sequencing, sediment management, and adaptive design allow rivers to recover rapidly once barriers are removed.
Beyond ecological gains, the removal of Paulina Lake Dam has significantly improved public safety and community resilience. In CentralJersey.com, Geoffrey M. Goll, PE, President of Princeton Hydro, emphasized the long-term risks associated with aging dams. “If you don’t take care of them, they’ll come out on their own—and that’s a much bigger problem. Once dams are properly removed, people start to see the value of a free-flowing river.”
Many dams were never designed to withstand today’s hydrologic conditions. With climate change driving more frequent and intense rainfall events, proactive removal reduces flood risk, eliminates inspection and maintenance liabilities, and allows rivers to function as more resilient, self-sustaining systems. At the Paulina Lake site, removal has also improved recreational access and restored a more natural landscape for the community.
While the Paulins Kill now flows freely through the former Paulina Lake Dam site, final project phases focus on adaptive management, targeted bank stabilization, habitat feature enhancement, and native tree planting to support long term ecological resilience. As the river continues to adjust and evolve, the Paulina Lake Dam site stands as a clear example of what is possible when outdated infrastructure is thoughtfully removed and natural systems are given the opportunity to recover.
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