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Princeton Hydro and Cultivo recently collaborated in Southwest Montana to assess vegetation, wildlife, and other indicators of ecosystem health as part of a broader biodiversity monitoring initiative for a grassland restoration project. The blog offers an inside look at the monitoring methods used to establish a biodiversity baseline, highlights several unique species encountered during fieldwork, and examines the role of biodiversity and collaborative monitoring in supporting resilient landscapes and successful conservation outcomes. Beyond Carbon: Montana Grassland Biodiversity with Princeton Hydro Posted August 11, 2026 | Written by Sean Leslie, Cultivo Senior Manager of Content and Marketing When we think about nature-based solutions, carbon sequestration often steals the spotlight. But carbon is only one part of a much larger story. At Cultivo, we believe that restoring grasslands goes far beyond storing carbon underground; it’s about rebuilding complete, living ecosystems. True regenerative progress is measured in on-the-ground ecological health, and one vital metric of that health is biodiversity. Ecosystems rich in plant, bird, and insect life are proven to be more productive, more resilient, and better equipped to thrive. And just as we do when measuring and verifying sequestered carbon, to ensure our projects deliver measurable, lasting benefits in terms of biodiversity, we’re not relying on satellite images or computer models; we’re putting boots on the ground. Case in point: Cultivo’s Ecological Impact Senior Manager, Emiline Koopman, recently completed an intensive field visit to one of our partner sites in beautiful Southwest Montana. Alongside the expert field team at Princeton Hydro, she implemented our Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (BES) monitoring framework across the landscape. Boots on the Ground: Why Field Visits Matter Virtual meetings and digital mapping are great for planning, but nothing replaces walking the land. And during the early summer pilot sampling campaign, Cultivo and Princeton Hydro did exactly that, deploying a full suite of monitoring techniques: Acoustic Recording Units (ARUs) and Bird Point Counts To monitor avian diversity, small weatherproof audio recording devices called Acoustic Recording Units (ARUs) are placed across the property to capture the natural soundscape – including bird calls – continuously over the summer breeding season. At the same time, ornithologists perform human “point counts” by standing quietly in one place for set time intervals with binoculars and clipboards to visually and auditorily record every species seen or heard. Together, these techniques provide a picture of species presence, relative abundance, and spatial distribution, acting as an indicator of overall habitat health. Vegetation Transects Measuring plant health and structure, requires laying long measuring tapes across the ground through a specific habitat type and placing square frames (quadrats) at fixed increments along the line. Along this path, researchers systematically count live and dead woody plant stems, measure canopy gaps, and catalog every plant species inside the quadrats, providing detailed ground-level data on plant species richness, ground cover, and pasture resilience. Malaise Traps and Flower Visitation Observations Insect populations are tracked and measured with Malaise traps, which resemble small, open-sided mesh tents with a collection jar at the top. Flying insects naturally bump into the traps’ fabric walls, fly upward, and are gathered for identification using conventional and eDNA metabarcoding techniques. To complement this, researchers also sit quietly near blooming native plants for timed intervals to perform insect flower visitation counts, tracking specific pollinators including bees, ants, and wasps. Meet the locals: Wildlife of Southwest Montana’s Grasslands One of the greatest rewards of field work is seeing firsthand what we are working so hard to protect. In Southern Montana, the team encountered an incredible array of flora and fauna. Here are a few of the standout species that call this ecosystem home, with pictures taken during the recent field visit: 1. Spearleaf stonecrop and Rocky Mountain parnassian [caption id="attachment_20316" align="alignleft" width="549"] Spearleaf stonecrop and Rocky Mountain parnassian. Photo Credit: Tanya Dapkey, CE, Princeton Hydro[/caption] On the high-elevation rangelands of Southwestern Montana, small native plants punch well above their weight. Among them, Spearleaf stonecrop (Sedum lanceolatum) is a tough, fleshy succulent that thrives in the rocky soils of our intermontane sagebrush valleys. It also happens to be the exclusive host plant for the Rocky Mountain parnassian (Parnassius smintheus), a high-altitude cousin in the swallowtail family. Female parnassians lay their eggs right next to stonecrop patches so hungry spring caterpillars can feed on the leaves. As they eat, the larvae absorb bitter chemicals from the plant, making both the caterpillars and the red-spotted adult butterflies completely unpalatable to birds, a classic example of the invisible, delicate connections that make these high-desert ecosystems work. 2. Brewer’s sparrow If any bird defines the vast sagebrush country of Southwestern Montana, it’s the Brewer’s sparrow (Spizella breweri). This small, inconspicuously plumaged songbird is intricately tied to healthy, intact rangelands. Brewer’s sparrows are sagebrush obligates, meaning they rely almost entirely on big sagebrush ecosystems for nesting, shelter, and feeding on insects and seeds. Their dull, streaked feathers provide perfect camouflage against native shrub leaves, while their long, breathy, trilling songs are a signature sound of spring on the range. Because they depend so heavily on large, unfragmented landscapes, healthy populations of Brewer’s sparrows are a key indicator of a thriving, well-managed rangeland ecosystem. 3. Thick-billed longspur [caption id="attachment_20313" align="aligncenter" width="588"] Thick-billed longspur. Photo credit: Eric Zawatski, CWB, Princeton Hydro[/caption] Where short prairie grasses like blue grama and buffalo grass break up the sagebrush valley, you’ll find the thick-billed longspur (Rhynchophanes mccowni). This species relies heavily on grazing to keep vegetation low; without livestock or bison disturbing the grass, their nesting habitat disappears. On their breeding grounds, they feed heavily on protein-rich grasshoppers. During springtime, males perform incredible aerial courtship displays: They fly up to 30 feet in the air and "parachute" back down on outstretched wings with their white tail feathers spread wide, singing a warbling song to impress females and mark their territory. 4. Pronghorn Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) are gorgeous, iconic fixtures of Southwestern Montana's open valleys. While commonly referred to as "pronghorn antelope," they aren't true antelopes at all; their closest living relatives are actually the African giraffes and okapis. Built purely for acceleration and endurance, pronghorn are the fastest land mammals in the Western Hemisphere, topping out at speeds over 55mph, with this extreme speed attributed to a prehistoric evolutionary "arms race" with the now-extinct American cheetah (Miracinonyx). While modern wolves and coyotes can't come close to matching a pronghorn's pace today, these remarkable animals retain their incredible speed and massive heart-and-lung capacity, allowing them to cruise effortlessly across open rangelands. 5. Burrowing Owl [caption id="attachment_20312" align="aligncenter" width="543"] Burrowing owl. Photo credit: Eric Zawatski, CWB, Princeton Hydro[/caption] Small, long-legged, and undeniably cute, the burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia) is one of the range's most charismatic residents. Unlike most owls, these birds are diurnal, meaning they are active during the day and can often be spotted standing guard on fence posts or mounds. Burrowing owls have a fascinating relationship with prairie dogs and other underground mammals; because the owls can't dig their own homes, they rely entirely on abandoned burrows for nesting and shelter. These opportunistic hunters eat a wide-ranging diet that includes insects, small mammals, lizards, snakes, and birds. Highly sensitive to habitat loss, their presence is a great sign of an intact, biodiverse grassland. Collaborative Conservation in a Working Landscape Ranching landscapes are complex, working environments. During the visit, the team noted that this ecosystem is facing real-world challenges, including severe ongoing regional drought and water access issues. This is where our work regenerating the landscape becomes crucial; by combining rotational grazing strategies with targeted infrastructure improvements, we can significantly boost soil health, turning vulnerable land into a thriving, resilient ecosystem. According to the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), every 1% increase in soil organic matter lets an acre of land hold roughly 20,000 gallons of extra water. That moisture doesn't just keep pastures green longer during a dry spell, it also helps safeguard the land against wildfires. As research from the USDA and fire ecology experts shows, soils rich in organic matter maintain higher plant moisture levels and soil humidity, creating a natural firebreak that slows down fire spread and helps landscapes bounce back faster if a burn does occur. Hand-in-hand with our landscape restoration work, the ranch is actively participating in a broader ecological monitoring network, with ongoing research from local university programs and regional partnerships. Cultivo is actively working to coordinate with these existing initiatives, synthesizing data and supporting local land stewards. By pairing high-tech monitoring tools, on-the-ground data collection, and deep, generational knowledge of local ranchers, we can build restoration strategies that support both wildlife and agricultural livelihoods. Looking Ahead Implementing our Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services framework in Montana reminds us exactly why we do this work: to accelerate investment into nature and regenerate the world’s land into healthy, resilient ecosystems. As we refine our field protocols and analyze the baseline data gathered in Montana, we move one step closer to scaling transparent, high-integrity nature restoration worldwide. Stay tuned for more field updates as we continue monitoring biodiversity across our global project portfolio! Big thanks to Princeton Hydro's Mike McGraw, CSE, QAWB, ACE, Tanya Dapkey, CE, and Eric Zawatski, CWB, for providing photos and information for the species listed in this post! Click here to read this blog post on the Cultivo website. [post_title] => Guest Blog: Biodiversity Monitoring in Southwest Montana [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => open [post_password] => [post_name] => guest-blog-biodiversity-monitoring-in-southwest-montana [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2026-08-31 12:42:53 [post_modified_gmt] => 2026-08-31 12:42:53 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?p=20309 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [1] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 20084 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2026-07-22 20:00:47 [post_date_gmt] => 2026-07-22 20:00:47 [post_content] => Volunteers and community stakeholders gathered at Cupsaw Lake in Ringwood Township, NJ for the installation of two floating wetland islands, an innovative nature-based solution that improves water quality while enhancing biodiversity. The project was funded by Skylands Guardian, a nonprofit organization dedicated to protecting the natural resources of New Jersey's Highlands region through education, advocacy, and environmental stewardship. In partnership with Skylands Guardian, Princeton Hydro Aquatic Ecologist Katie Walston-Frederick led the hands-on installation event, which transformed native plants and recycled materials into living ecosystems designed to benefit the lake for years to come. A Nature-Based Solution for Cupsaw Lake Nestled within the Ramapo Mountains, Cupsaw Lake is a 65-acre freshwater lake in the heart of Ringwood Township. To help preserve its long-term ecological health, local partners continue to invest in innovative, science-based management initiatives. Floating wetland islands are one such solution. Constructed from recycled materials and planted with native vegetation, floating wetland islands are designed to mimic the functions of natural wetlands. Beneath the surface, extensive root systems create habitat for beneficial microbes that help remove excess nutrients from the water column while providing shelter and foraging opportunities for fish and other wildlife. The result is a floating ecosystem that supports water quality, biodiversity, and habitat enhancement all at once. Research has shown that a 250-square-foot floating wetland island can remove approximately 10 pounds of phosphorus annually while providing roughly the same nutrient-processing surface area as one acre of natural wetland. Considering that a single pound of phosphorus can generate up to 1,100 pounds of wet algal biomass, floating wetland islands have the potential to significantly reduce nutrient availability and help limit some of the factors that contribute to nuisance algal blooms. [caption id="attachment_4363" align="aligncenter" width="1475"] This illustration, sketched by Princeton Hydro Project Manager and Environmental Scientist Ivy Rose, PWS, conveys the functionality of a floating wetland island.[/caption] A Hands-On Community Effort A key component of the Cupsaw Lake project was community participation. Katie coordinated and directed the installation effort, guiding volunteers through each stage of the process. Participants learned how to prepare native plants, install plant plugs within the floating island matrix, apply protective goose netting, and properly deploy and anchor the islands within the lake. The event provided an opportunity for volunteers to learn firsthand about lake ecology, nutrient management, and the role innovative restoration tools can play in protecting local water resources. As the newly planted vegetation establishes itself in the coming months, the islands will become increasingly effective at nutrient uptake while creating a visually appealing focal point within the lake. Over time, the native plantings and submerged root systems will provide valuable habitat for fish, macroinvertebrates, and other wildlife. In addition to their environmental benefits, the islands will serve as a visible reminder of the community's commitment to protecting and enhancing Cupsaw Lake. [gallery link="none" size="large" ids="20130,20131,20129,20132,20137,20135"] [gallery columns="2" link="none" ids="20139,20138"] Part of a Larger Watershed Vision The project also aligns with broader watershed management efforts taking place throughout Ringwood and the New Jersey Highlands. In 2019, the Borough of Ringwood became the first municipality in New Jersey to pursue a regional approach to private lake management through a public-private partnership with four lake associations: Cupsaw, Erskine, Skyline, and Riconda. Situated within the northeast corner of the Highlands region, Ringwood is home to numerous lakes and reservoirs that provide drinking water to millions of New Jersey residents. To support the long-term protection of these resources, the Borough partnered with Princeton Hydro to develop a comprehensive watershed management plan that identifies and prioritizes projects that address both immediate and future water quality concerns. This approach recognizes that healthy lakes require more than in-lake management. Sustainable improvements depend on addressing nutrient and sediment sources throughout the surrounding watershed. And, organizations like Skylands Guardian play a critical role in turning watershed planning into on-the-ground action. Projects like the Cupsaw Lake floating wetland islands complement larger watershed initiatives by improving water quality, enhancing habitat, and fostering community engagement. More About Katie During her more than 11 years with Princeton Hydro, Katie has contributed to a wide range of water quality monitoring programs, fisheries investigations, habitat restoration projects, and watershed assessments. She serves as the firm's primary coordinator for floating wetland island projects and has overseen installations at waterbodies throughout the Mid-Atlantic. In 2017, she became certified as an Island Master Builder through Floating Island International, receiving specialized training in the design, construction, installation, and application of floating wetland island technology. Her expertise helped ensure that the Cupsaw Lake installation project not only achieved its technical objectives but also provided a meaningful educational experience for volunteers and community members. Click here to learn more about Katie. A special thank you to Skylands Guardian for documenting the installation and helping share the story of this exciting community-driven project. To learn more about the Skylands Guardian and how to support the great work they're doing, click here. To learn more about another one of Princeton Hydro's long-term lake management initiative, explore our blog, Two Decades of Lake Management Innovation at Duke Farms, which highlights efforts to protect and monitor the interconnected lakes and ponds across Duke Farms' 2,700-acre property in Hillsborough, New Jersey. [post_title] => Cupsaw Lake Welcomes New Floating Wetland Islands [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => open [ping_status] => open [post_password] => [post_name] => floating-wetland-islands-cupsaw-lake [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2026-07-22 20:00:47 [post_modified_gmt] => 2026-07-22 20:00:47 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?p=20084 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => post [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [2] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 20007 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2026-07-01 06:00:59 [post_date_gmt] => 2026-07-01 06:00:59 [post_content] => Each July, Lakes Appreciation Month invites us to reconnect with one of our most valuable natural resources: our lakes. Since 1998, the North American Lake Management Society (NALMS) has led this initiative to raise awareness about the ecological, recreational, and community benefits lakes provide, while encouraging people to take an active role in protecting them. This year, we’re encouraging you to take your appreciation further by learning, participating, and making meaningful connections with your local lake. Here are four impactful ways to celebrate: 1. Discover Something New No matter how well you know your local lake, there is always something new to discover. Visit at a different time of day, explore a new access point, or try an activity you've never done before, like birding, early morning paddling, or shoreline photography. As you spend time on the water or along the shore, take note of the details. Look for changes in water clarity, plant growth, wildlife activity, and seasonal shifts. These small observations can deepen your appreciation and help you better understand how your lake functions. If something doesn't look right, like signs of a harmful algal bloom, the presence of invasive aquatic species, or other water quality concerns, take note and share what you see. Reporting observations to your local lake association or through tools like the bloomWatch app can support monitoring efforts and help protect your lake. [gallery link="none" ids="20010,18811,15298"] 2. Get Involved in Lake Science Take your lake visit one step further by joining the annual Secchi Dip-In. This long-running citizen science effort invites volunteers across North America to measure water clarity using a simple Secchi disk. The data collected helps scientists and lake managers track water quality trends over time. Participation is simple and meaningful, and every reading contributes to a larger understanding of lake health. If you are new to using a Secchi disk, watch our step-by-step instructional video to learn how to take accurate measurements: [embed]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cj7YEctvqRQ&t=7s[/embed] 3. Share Your Lake Story Lakes bring people together and create lasting memories. This month, take the opportunity to share your connection to your favorite lake and inspire others to get involved. Join the NALMS #LakesAppreciation Challenge by posting photos or videos that capture your experience. Capture a quiet sunrise, a family outing, or a day spent volunteering and show others what makes your lake special. Looking for more ways to tell your lake story? Try one of these ideas:
We're pleased to share the following article, originally written by Sean Leslie, Senior Manager of Content and Marketing at Cultivo, and republished with permission. Princeton Hydro and Cultivo recently collaborated in Southwest Montana to assess vegetation, wildlife, and other indicators of ecosystem health as part of a broader biodiversity monitoring initiative for a grassland restoration project. The blog offers an inside look at the monitoring methods used to establish a biodiversity baseline, highlights several unique species encountered during fieldwork, and examines the role of biodiversity and collaborative monitoring in supporting resilient landscapes and successful conservation outcomes.
When we think about nature-based solutions, carbon sequestration often steals the spotlight. But carbon is only one part of a much larger story.
At Cultivo, we believe that restoring grasslands goes far beyond storing carbon underground; it’s about rebuilding complete, living ecosystems. True regenerative progress is measured in on-the-ground ecological health, and one vital metric of that health is biodiversity. Ecosystems rich in plant, bird, and insect life are proven to be more productive, more resilient, and better equipped to thrive.
And just as we do when measuring and verifying sequestered carbon, to ensure our projects deliver measurable, lasting benefits in terms of biodiversity, we’re not relying on satellite images or computer models; we’re putting boots on the ground.
Case in point: Cultivo’s Ecological Impact Senior Manager, Emiline Koopman, recently completed an intensive field visit to one of our partner sites in beautiful Southwest Montana. Alongside the expert field team at Princeton Hydro, she implemented our Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (BES) monitoring framework across the landscape.
Virtual meetings and digital mapping are great for planning, but nothing replaces walking the land. And during the early summer pilot sampling campaign, Cultivo and Princeton Hydro did exactly that, deploying a full suite of monitoring techniques:
To monitor avian diversity, small weatherproof audio recording devices called Acoustic Recording Units (ARUs) are placed across the property to capture the natural soundscape – including bird calls – continuously over the summer breeding season. At the same time, ornithologists perform human “point counts” by standing quietly in one place for set time intervals with binoculars and clipboards to visually and auditorily record every species seen or heard. Together, these techniques provide a picture of species presence, relative abundance, and spatial distribution, acting as an indicator of overall habitat health.
Measuring plant health and structure, requires laying long measuring tapes across the ground through a specific habitat type and placing square frames (quadrats) at fixed increments along the line. Along this path, researchers systematically count live and dead woody plant stems, measure canopy gaps, and catalog every plant species inside the quadrats, providing detailed ground-level data on plant species richness, ground cover, and pasture resilience.
Insect populations are tracked and measured with Malaise traps, which resemble small, open-sided mesh tents with a collection jar at the top. Flying insects naturally bump into the traps’ fabric walls, fly upward, and are gathered for identification using conventional and eDNA metabarcoding techniques. To complement this, researchers also sit quietly near blooming native plants for timed intervals to perform insect flower visitation counts, tracking specific pollinators including bees, ants, and wasps.
One of the greatest rewards of field work is seeing firsthand what we are working so hard to protect. In Southern Montana, the team encountered an incredible array of flora and fauna.
Here are a few of the standout species that call this ecosystem home, with pictures taken during the recent field visit:
On the high-elevation rangelands of Southwestern Montana, small native plants punch well above their weight. Among them, Spearleaf stonecrop (Sedum lanceolatum) is a tough, fleshy succulent that thrives in the rocky soils of our intermontane sagebrush valleys.
It also happens to be the exclusive host plant for the Rocky Mountain parnassian (Parnassius smintheus), a high-altitude cousin in the swallowtail family. Female parnassians lay their eggs right next to stonecrop patches so hungry spring caterpillars can feed on the leaves. As they eat, the larvae absorb bitter chemicals from the plant, making both the caterpillars and the red-spotted adult butterflies completely unpalatable to birds, a classic example of the invisible, delicate connections that make these high-desert ecosystems work.
If any bird defines the vast sagebrush country of Southwestern Montana, it’s the Brewer’s sparrow (Spizella breweri). This small, inconspicuously plumaged songbird is intricately tied to healthy, intact rangelands.
Brewer’s sparrows are sagebrush obligates, meaning they rely almost entirely on big sagebrush ecosystems for nesting, shelter, and feeding on insects and seeds. Their dull, streaked feathers provide perfect camouflage against native shrub leaves, while their long, breathy, trilling songs are a signature sound of spring on the range. Because they depend so heavily on large, unfragmented landscapes, healthy populations of Brewer’s sparrows are a key indicator of a thriving, well-managed rangeland ecosystem.
Where short prairie grasses like blue grama and buffalo grass break up the sagebrush valley, you’ll find the thick-billed longspur (Rhynchophanes mccowni). This species relies heavily on grazing to keep vegetation low; without livestock or bison disturbing the grass, their nesting habitat disappears.
On their breeding grounds, they feed heavily on protein-rich grasshoppers. During springtime, males perform incredible aerial courtship displays: They fly up to 30 feet in the air and "parachute" back down on outstretched wings with their white tail feathers spread wide, singing a warbling song to impress females and mark their territory.
Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) are gorgeous, iconic fixtures of Southwestern Montana's open valleys. While commonly referred to as "pronghorn antelope," they aren't true antelopes at all; their closest living relatives are actually the African giraffes and okapis.
Built purely for acceleration and endurance, pronghorn are the fastest land mammals in the Western Hemisphere, topping out at speeds over 55mph, with this extreme speed attributed to a prehistoric evolutionary "arms race" with the now-extinct American cheetah (Miracinonyx). While modern wolves and coyotes can't come close to matching a pronghorn's pace today, these remarkable animals retain their incredible speed and massive heart-and-lung capacity, allowing them to cruise effortlessly across open rangelands.
Small, long-legged, and undeniably cute, the burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia) is one of the range's most charismatic residents. Unlike most owls, these birds are diurnal, meaning they are active during the day and can often be spotted standing guard on fence posts or mounds.
Burrowing owls have a fascinating relationship with prairie dogs and other underground mammals; because the owls can't dig their own homes, they rely entirely on abandoned burrows for nesting and shelter. These opportunistic hunters eat a wide-ranging diet that includes insects, small mammals, lizards, snakes, and birds. Highly sensitive to habitat loss, their presence is a great sign of an intact, biodiverse grassland.
Ranching landscapes are complex, working environments. During the visit, the team noted that this ecosystem is facing real-world challenges, including severe ongoing regional drought and water access issues. This is where our work regenerating the landscape becomes crucial; by combining rotational grazing strategies with targeted infrastructure improvements, we can significantly boost soil health, turning vulnerable land into a thriving, resilient ecosystem.
According to the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), every 1% increase in soil organic matter lets an acre of land hold roughly 20,000 gallons of extra water. That moisture doesn't just keep pastures green longer during a dry spell, it also helps safeguard the land against wildfires. As research from the USDA and fire ecology experts shows, soils rich in organic matter maintain higher plant moisture levels and soil humidity, creating a natural firebreak that slows down fire spread and helps landscapes bounce back faster if a burn does occur.
Hand-in-hand with our landscape restoration work, the ranch is actively participating in a broader ecological monitoring network, with ongoing research from local university programs and regional partnerships. Cultivo is actively working to coordinate with these existing initiatives, synthesizing data and supporting local land stewards.
By pairing high-tech monitoring tools, on-the-ground data collection, and deep, generational knowledge of local ranchers, we can build restoration strategies that support both wildlife and agricultural livelihoods.
Implementing our Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services framework in Montana reminds us exactly why we do this work: to accelerate investment into nature and regenerate the world’s land into healthy, resilient ecosystems.
As we refine our field protocols and analyze the baseline data gathered in Montana, we move one step closer to scaling transparent, high-integrity nature restoration worldwide.
Stay tuned for more field updates as we continue monitoring biodiversity across our global project portfolio! Big thanks to Princeton Hydro's Mike McGraw, CSE, QAWB, ACE, Tanya Dapkey, CE, and Eric Zawatski, CWB, for providing photos and information for the species listed in this post!
Volunteers and community stakeholders gathered at Cupsaw Lake in Ringwood Township, NJ for the installation of two floating wetland islands, an innovative nature-based solution that improves water quality while enhancing biodiversity.
The project was funded by Skylands Guardian, a nonprofit organization dedicated to protecting the natural resources of New Jersey's Highlands region through education, advocacy, and environmental stewardship. In partnership with Skylands Guardian, Princeton Hydro Aquatic Ecologist Katie Walston-Frederick led the hands-on installation event, which transformed native plants and recycled materials into living ecosystems designed to benefit the lake for years to come.
Nestled within the Ramapo Mountains, Cupsaw Lake is a 65-acre freshwater lake in the heart of Ringwood Township. To help preserve its long-term ecological health, local partners continue to invest in innovative, science-based management initiatives. Floating wetland islands are one such solution.
Constructed from recycled materials and planted with native vegetation, floating wetland islands are designed to mimic the functions of natural wetlands. Beneath the surface, extensive root systems create habitat for beneficial microbes that help remove excess nutrients from the water column while providing shelter and foraging opportunities for fish and other wildlife. The result is a floating ecosystem that supports water quality, biodiversity, and habitat enhancement all at once.
Research has shown that a 250-square-foot floating wetland island can remove approximately 10 pounds of phosphorus annually while providing roughly the same nutrient-processing surface area as one acre of natural wetland. Considering that a single pound of phosphorus can generate up to 1,100 pounds of wet algal biomass, floating wetland islands have the potential to significantly reduce nutrient availability and help limit some of the factors that contribute to nuisance algal blooms.
A key component of the Cupsaw Lake project was community participation.
Katie coordinated and directed the installation effort, guiding volunteers through each stage of the process. Participants learned how to prepare native plants, install plant plugs within the floating island matrix, apply protective goose netting, and properly deploy and anchor the islands within the lake. The event provided an opportunity for volunteers to learn firsthand about lake ecology, nutrient management, and the role innovative restoration tools can play in protecting local water resources.
As the newly planted vegetation establishes itself in the coming months, the islands will become increasingly effective at nutrient uptake while creating a visually appealing focal point within the lake. Over time, the native plantings and submerged root systems will provide valuable habitat for fish, macroinvertebrates, and other wildlife. In addition to their environmental benefits, the islands will serve as a visible reminder of the community's commitment to protecting and enhancing Cupsaw Lake.
The project also aligns with broader watershed management efforts taking place throughout Ringwood and the New Jersey Highlands. In 2019, the Borough of Ringwood became the first municipality in New Jersey to pursue a regional approach to private lake management through a public-private partnership with four lake associations: Cupsaw, Erskine, Skyline, and Riconda.
Situated within the northeast corner of the Highlands region, Ringwood is home to numerous lakes and reservoirs that provide drinking water to millions of New Jersey residents. To support the long-term protection of these resources, the Borough partnered with Princeton Hydro to develop a comprehensive watershed management plan that identifies and prioritizes projects that address both immediate and future water quality concerns.
This approach recognizes that healthy lakes require more than in-lake management. Sustainable improvements depend on addressing nutrient and sediment sources throughout the surrounding watershed. And, organizations like Skylands Guardian play a critical role in turning watershed planning into on-the-ground action. Projects like the Cupsaw Lake floating wetland islands complement larger watershed initiatives by improving water quality, enhancing habitat, and fostering community engagement.
During her more than 11 years with Princeton Hydro, Katie has contributed to a wide range of water quality monitoring programs, fisheries investigations, habitat restoration projects, and watershed assessments. She serves as the firm's primary coordinator for floating wetland island projects and has overseen installations at waterbodies throughout the Mid-Atlantic.
In 2017, she became certified as an Island Master Builder through Floating Island International, receiving specialized training in the design, construction, installation, and application of floating wetland island technology. Her expertise helped ensure that the Cupsaw Lake installation project not only achieved its technical objectives but also provided a meaningful educational experience for volunteers and community members.
To learn more about another one of Princeton Hydro's long-term lake management initiative, explore our blog, Two Decades of Lake Management Innovation at Duke Farms, which highlights efforts to protect and monitor the interconnected lakes and ponds across Duke Farms' 2,700-acre property in Hillsborough, New Jersey.
Each July, Lakes Appreciation Month invites us to reconnect with one of our most valuable natural resources: our lakes. Since 1998, the North American Lake Management Society (NALMS) has led this initiative to raise awareness about the ecological, recreational, and community benefits lakes provide, while encouraging people to take an active role in protecting them. This year, we’re encouraging you to take your appreciation further by learning, participating, and making meaningful connections with your local lake. Here are four impactful ways to celebrate:
No matter how well you know your local lake, there is always something new to discover. Visit at a different time of day, explore a new access point, or try an activity you've never done before, like birding, early morning paddling, or shoreline photography.
As you spend time on the water or along the shore, take note of the details. Look for changes in water clarity, plant growth, wildlife activity, and seasonal shifts. These small observations can deepen your appreciation and help you better understand how your lake functions. If something doesn't look right, like signs of a harmful algal bloom, the presence of invasive aquatic species, or other water quality concerns, take note and share what you see. Reporting observations to your local lake association or through tools like the bloomWatch app can support monitoring efforts and help protect your lake.
Take your lake visit one step further by joining the annual Secchi Dip-In. This long-running citizen science effort invites volunteers across North America to measure water clarity using a simple Secchi disk. The data collected helps scientists and lake managers track water quality trends over time. Participation is simple and meaningful, and every reading contributes to a larger understanding of lake health.
If you are new to using a Secchi disk, watch our step-by-step instructional video to learn how to take accurate measurements:
Lakes bring people together and create lasting memories. This month, take the opportunity to share your connection to your favorite lake and inspire others to get involved. Join the NALMS #LakesAppreciation Challenge by posting photos or videos that capture your experience. Capture a quiet sunrise, a family outing, or a day spent volunteering and show others what makes your lake special.
Looking for more ways to tell your lake story? Try one of these ideas:
When you share, be sure to include the lake name and the hashtag #LakesAppreciation to connect with the broader celebration.
You don't need to make a big commitment to make a meaningful difference. Small, consistent actions can have a lasting impact on lake health over time. Here are a few simple ways to give back:
Communities across the country are working together to protect and restore their lakes. Your efforts, no matter how small, play an important role in that collective impact.
Lakes Appreciation Month is just the starting point. The actions you take now can help protect and improve your lake all year long. Keep exploring, stay engaged, and continue being a voice for the waters you value. For more ideas and resources, visit NALMS.org. To learn more about how Princeton Hydro supports lake management and restoration, click here to explore one of our projects.
At Princeton Hydro, ArcGIS StoryMaps is one of the tools we use to translate complex environmental assessments, geographic information system (GIS) analyses, water quality data, and restoration projects into accessible, interactive digital experiences that support municipal planning and help communities better understand and connect with their local environments. Designed to be intuitive and easy to navigate, ArcGIS StoryMaps is a web-based tool that brings together visual storytelling, maps, charts, diagrams, photos, and clickable data points into a single, user-friendly experience.
Our approach to creating StoryMaps for our clients combines technical rigor with thoughtful design and content development, ensuring that data is not only accurate but also meaningful and accessible. From that foundation, we design each StoryMap with a strong focus on audience engagement, tailoring narrative content and visual presentation to meet the diverse needs of users, from project stakeholders and municipal decision-makers to community members. Using ESRI’s ArcGIS platform, our team develops geospatial datasets, conducts spatial analysis, and transforms modeling outputs into clear, practical information. Where relevant, we incorporate before-and-after photographs and video footage captured by our scientists and engineers in the field, offering unique perspectives on design and construction. To support deeper exploration, we also curate supplemental resources and links to additional materials, enabling users to continue learning beyond the StoryMap itself.
Explore the StoryMap examples below to see how Princeton Hydro uses interactive storytelling to support environmental planning, communicate restoration efforts, and foster meaningful public engagement.
In partnership with Readington Township, Princeton Hydro developed New Jersey’s first fully interactive Environmental Resource Inventory (ERI), commissioned by the Township’s Environmental Commission. Developed as an ArcGIS StoryMap, the ERI establishes a comprehensive baseline inventory of the Township’s natural, cultural, and environmental resources, while expanding upon the previous ERI published in 2002. The digital platform integrates narrative storytelling, statistical analyses, and media to provide visual depictions of environmental features and land usage. The platform's dynamic web‑based mapping allows users to explore data through intuitive zooming, panning, and attribute querying without the need for specialized GIS software.
Designed to support municipal decision‑making, conservation planning, scientific investigation, and zoning reviews, the ERI serves governing bodies, residents, land managers, developers, and other stakeholders by offering an accessible, objective, and highly functional tool for understanding and protecting Readington’s environmental resources. As a result of this first-of-its-kind, interactive resource, the Township was awarded the Association of NJ Environmental Commissions (ANJEC) 2023 Environmental Achievement Award, which recognizes exceptional projects carried out by environmental commissions and groups.
Schuylkill River Greenways, in partnership with Berks Nature, Bartram’s Garden, The Schuylkill Center for Environmental Education, Stroud Water Research Center, and Princeton Hydro, with funding from the William Penn Foundation, developed a StoryMap that reveals location perceptions of the Schuylkill River and presents the results of a year-long monitoring effort that included water quality data collection, bacteria sampling, and a community science survey in which 100+ volunteers assessed trash conditions along the river. The platform helps bridge the gap between scientific data and public perception, encouraging informed engagement and recreation.
The sampling protocols and interactive ArcGIS StoryMap were designed by Princeton Hydro in collaboration with project partners. Through integrated maps, data dashboards, and narrative content, the StoryMap presents detailed results from the perception and opinions survey, water quality monitoring, and trash assessments in a clear and engaging format. The data collected tells the tale of a vibrant river corridor with numerous opportunities for kayaking, fishing, bird watching, hiking, and biking. The Deputy Director of Schuylkill River Greenways summed it up well: "As we had hoped, we found that the river is indeed in great shape and we are now trying to spread the good news that all kinds of recreation on the river are safe and encouraged. We have an incredible recreational and environmental asset in this river, and we want everyone to know about it."
Developed in partnership with the Bucks County Conservation District and Bucks County Planning Commission, this StoryMap showcases the decade-long effort to restore the Lake Luxembourg Conservation Pool. It highlights key project elements, including sediment removal, wetland restoration, and shoreline stabilization, while also addressing long-term watershed resilience and future environmental challenges.
The interactive platform translates complex planning, engineering, and ecological restoration work into a visually rich and accessible experience. Users can explore watershed dynamics, past restoration efforts, and detailed construction milestones through interactive maps, drone footage, and before-and-after imagery, all without the need for specialized GIS software or training. By combining technical content with intuitive navigation and storytelling, the StoryMap makes years of planning, permitting, and construction easy to understand for a broad audience. It serves as both an educational resource and a comprehensive record of the project, connecting the community with its watershed and reinforcing the importance of restoration and environmental stewardship.
Princeton Hydro partnered with CU Maurice River, a nonprofit organization dedicated to protecting the natural integrity and cultural heritage of the Maurice River Watershed in NJ, to develop an interactive StoryMap that highlights the region’s unique ecological, recreational, and cultural resources. The StoryMap provides a comprehensive, watershed-scale view of the Maurice River system, allowing users to explore an extensive range of features including Wild and Scenic River designations, natural and cultural points of interest, public access locations, boating resources, and local amenities such as lodging, dining, and outfitting services. Through interactive maps, users can zoom and pan to specific locations, view site details and attributes, and navigate the watershed without the need for specialized GIS software or training.
Supported by descriptive narratives, travel guidance, and safety advisories, the StoryMap serves as both an educational resource and a practical tool for exploring and planning visits throughout the watershed. The StoryMap supports CU Maurice River’s long-standing commitment to eco-tourism and stewardship, helping people discover, experience, and celebrate one of New Jersey’s most ecologically significant and scenic river systems.
In collaboration with the Borough of Harveys Lake, Princeton Hydro developed an interactive StoryMap that chronicles the community’s long-standing commitment to water quality and highlights a recent pilot project targeting nutrient reduction. This engaging StoryMap brings decades of environmental conservation and water quality protection efforts to life. Users can explore a historical timeline, interactive restoration maps, and detailed insights into a 2025 pilot study that improved water quality by using innovative filtration media to reduce phosphorus and nitrogen in stormwater runoff.
The StoryMap also emphasizes Harveys Lake's broader connections to the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, demonstrating how local actions contribute to regional environmental improvements. Serving as both an educational tool and a digital archive, it reinforces the value of science-based solutions and community engagement in watershed stewardship.
Commissioned by the Millburn Township Environmental Commission, Princeton Hydro developed a comprehensive, data driven ERI for Millburn Township to replace its 2014 version and provide an updated framework for environmental planning. Built as an interactive ArcGIS StoryMap, this resource integrates narrative content, mapping, and multimedia to clearly document the Township’s environmental, cultural, and historical assets. The ERI is organized into user-friendly sections that guide readers from broad environmental context to more detailed analyses, allowing for both high-level understanding and deeper exploration. Leveraging datasets from NJDEP, NJGIN, and local sources, the ERI presents information across a wide range of environmental and land use topics, including climate trends, waters and wetlands; geography, geology, and soils; air quality; and vegetation and wildlife.
Officially adopted in January 2026, the StoryMap serves as a valuable tool for municipal officials, planners, and the Environmental Commission, while also providing residents, land managers, and other stakeholders with an enhanced understanding of Millburn’s natural resources.
The Town of Greenwich, Connecticut worked with Princeton Hydro, in partnership with Ecopolitan Design and BRS, to assess vulnerabilities to coastal flooding and sea level rise and develop a comprehensive coastal resilience strategy. With 27 miles of shoreline along Long Island Sound and numerous critical assets in low-lying areas, the Town sought to better understand climate-related risks and establish priorities for adaptation.
As part of the Greenwich Coastal Resiliency Assessment and Plan, Princeton Hydro developed a StoryMap that translates technical analyses into a detailed, accessible overview of the Town’s vulnerability to coastal flooding and sea level rise, including impacts to public facilities, infrastructure, and areas served by on-site septic systems. Users can explore sea level rise risk assessments, projected flooding scenarios, tidal pond evaluations, recommended resilience strategies, and community perspectives, along with helpful resources. By presenting complex climate data in a clear and interactive format, the StoryMap serves as a planning resource and increases awareness of coastal risks and resilience strategies as Greenwich prepares for future conditions.
To support the development of the 2025 D&R Canal Master Plan update, Princeton Hydro partnered with Clarke Caton Hintz to create a comprehensive geospatial dataset that reflects current physical, environmental, and social conditions through the park and surrounding region. The previous Master Plan, last updated in 1989, predated many of the advancements in geospatial data that are now available to inform planning and decision-making.
Princeton Hydro curated a selection of datasets covering a wide range of topics, including land use and development, topography, hydrology and water resource protection, flood risk, threatened and endangered species, demographics, and environmental justice, creating a detailed and consistent data foundation for the master planning process. These datasets were integrated into an ESRI geodatabase and made accessible through an interactive, user-friendly dashboard. Users can refine their exploration by selecting specific geographies, including Delaware and Raritan Canal Commission review zones, counties, and municipalities. This flexibility allows planners and stakeholders to better understand spatial patterns and relationships across the region, supporting more informed, data-driven decision-making.
Across each of these projects, StoryMaps serve as a bridge between technical analysis and public understanding. By turning complex information into interactive experiences, StoryMaps help support informed decisions and build stronger connections to the environment.
Wissahickon Valley Park is one of Philadelphia’s most treasured natural resources, welcoming more than two million visitors each year. Over time, flooding, erosion, and stormwater runoff have taken an increasing toll on the park, threatening water quality, trail safety, and recreational access.
To help protect and sustain this vital landscape and community resource, Friends of the Wissahickon (FOW), in partnership with Princeton Hydro, is conducting a comprehensive resiliency and flood study along Forbidden Drive and its seven adjacent access trails. One of the most important voices in this process is yours. A public survey is now open through June 6 to gather input on flooding, erosion, and trail conditions in these targeted areas. Your feedback will play a key role in shaping the study’s priorities and recommendations.
The new Streambank Resiliency and Flood Study builds upon the 2017 Forbidden Drive Drainage System Assessment and expands its focus to address ongoing challenges such as stormwater runoff, sediment discharge, streambank instability, and interior flooding along Forbidden Drive and its adjacent trails. As part of the study, Princeton Hydro is reassessing previously identified drainage features and conducting a comprehensive site evaluation to better understand how conditions have changed over time and where new problem areas have emerged.
At the first public meeting earlier this month, community members played an active role in shaping the direction of the study. The session began with an overview of the project’s purpose, scope, and methodology, including preliminary findings on areas most vulnerable to flooding, sediment discharge, and streambank instability. Attendees also had the opportunity to ask questions and engage directly with the project team, helping to build a shared understanding of the challenges facing the park.
Following the presentation, participants took part in an interactive mapping exercise designed to gather site-specific knowledge from those who know the park best. Working in small groups around large, printed maps of the study area, attendees identified flood-prone zones, areas of active erosion, and locations where trail conditions have declined over time along Forbidden Drive and its access points. Participants marked up the maps and shared observations, stories, and ideas for potential restoration opportunities, creating a collaborative and hands-on dialogue about the park’s needs.
This exercise generated valuable, location-specific insight that is already informing the study. Participants highlighted:
In addition to identifying problem areas, attendees also shared perspectives on what makes the park special and where restoration efforts could have the greatest impact. This type of feedback is critical to ensuring the study reflects real-world conditions and community priorities. To ensure the most comprehensive understanding of conditions in the targeted areas, the project team is looking to hear from an even broader range of park users.
While engineers and scientists are conducting in-depth field investigations and comprehensive technical analyses, they do not experience the park in the same way as those who use it regularly. The firsthand perspective of park visitors is invaluable for identifying problem areas and guiding solutions and priorities that truly reflect how the park is used and experienced.
Gloucester County’s Scotland Run Nature Preserve is a place where education, recreation, and ecological diversity come together. As the largest park in the county system, spanning more than 1,300 acres, Scotland Run offers visitors a chance to explore a wide range of habitats including woodlands, open fields, streams, and lakeside environments. Situated along the boundary of New Jersey’s Inner and Outer Coastal Plains, the park reflects features of both Piedmont and Pine Barrens landscapes, supporting a remarkable variety of wildlife.
At the center of the park is Wilson Lake, an 80-acre man-made lake created by a historic dam built for Fries Mill on Scotland Run. Today, the lake provides passive recreation opportunities such as fishing, canoeing, and nature observation. An ADA-accessible fishing pier near the boat launch ensures that these experiences are available to everyone. The park is also highly family friendly, with maintained walking trails, picnic areas, a playground, restrooms, and a Nature Center that serves as a hub for learning and discovery.
This winter, the Nature Center hosted Nature at Night, a popular exploration series that invites community members to engage with the natural world through hands-on presentations led by environmental professionals. Held on the 3rd Thursday of the month from January to April, topics throughout the series included mammals, fossils, insects, birds, reptiles, and amphibians, offering something for nature lovers of all interests.
Princeton Hydro Senior Wildlife Biologist Mike McGraw, CSE, QAWB, ACE led an engaging and energetic program focused on reptile and amphibian evolution, morphological adaptations, and the incredible diversity found right here in New Jersey. To bring these concepts to life, he introduced a mix of his personal pets and rescue animals, creating meaningful, up-close learning experiences with the audience members.
The turnout was outstanding, with a packed room of participants ranging in age from 4 to 74. Guests were curious and enthusiastic, asking thoughtful questions and sharing their own stories, which helped create an inclusive and lively learning environment. It was clear that hands-on outreach like this sparks curiosity and builds lasting connections to local ecosystems.
This year marked Mike’s fifth consecutive year leading a Nature at Night session at Scotland Run, a milestone that only begins to reflect his commitment to environmental education. Mike is deeply involved in a wide range of educational and outreach programs, sharing his passion and expertise with audiences of all ages. His enthusiasm is contagious, his knowledge runs deep, and his ability to connect people to the natural world makes every program memorable. Educators like Mike play a vital role in inspiring curiosity, fostering stewardship, and strengthening human connection to the natural world. Click here to learn more about Mike.
Experiences like these are especially important for young people, helping them build curiosity, confidence, and a lasting appreciation for the landscapes around them. That same approach carries through other interactive, place-based learning efforts at Princeton Hydro, including recent work with local students that explores how science, community, and the built and natural environment intersect.
Scotland Run Nature Preserve provides a welcoming space for learning and discovery, where thoughtful programs help spark interest in the natural world for visitors of all ages. To learn more about their Nature at Night series and other outdoor education opportunities, click here.
Conservation professionals, land stewards, and researchers from across New Jersey gathered for the New Jersey Invasive Species Strike Team Conference, the most comprehensive statewide forum dedicated to invasive species management. The conference was presented by Friends of Hopewell Valley Open Space (FoHVOS), an accredited nonprofit land trust committed to land protection, resource conservation, and community engagement.
The conference was held at the Boathouse at Mercer Lake, which provided an ideal backdrop for a day focused on protecting New Jersey’s natural landscapes. The conference, which Princeton Hydro was proud to sponsor, included exhibitor tables, networking opportunities, and a variety of presentations. The day kicked off with welcome remarks from Jenn Rogers, Executive Director of FoHVOS, and representatives from Mercer County Parks. Educational sessions throughout the day explored the dynamic and evolving challenges facing New Jersey’s ecosystems, cutting-edge academic research, and practical, field-based solutions for mitigating invasive species:
Native to the Yangtze and Amur River basins in China, the silty pond mussel (Sinanodonta woodiana) is a highly invasive freshwater species that has spread worldwide, often without detection. Its life cycle makes early identification especially difficult: microscopic larvae, known as glochidia, attach to the gills of host fish, allowing the mussel to move unnoticed through connected waterways and establish new populations far from their point of origin.
This stealthy mode of transport is believed to be how the silty pond mussel arrived in the United States. The species was first documented in 2010, when it was discovered in New Jersey Conservation Foundation’s Wickecheoke Creek Preserve, which previously operated as a fish farm and is now protected land. Although the mussel had likely been present for several years, its absence from North American records meant it went undetected until genetic confirmation was completed. Investigations identified invasive bighead carp imported for aquaculture as the most likely pathway of introduction.
The discovery raised immediate concern because of the preserve’s ecological significance. Located in Hunterdon County, the Preserve supports nearly 400 native plant species and 14 miles of high‑quality streams. It sits at the headwaters of Wickecheoke Creek, a tributary of the Delaware River that connects to the Delaware and Raritan Canal, part of a drinking water system serving approximately one million New Jersey residents.
Once established, silty pond mussels can overwhelm aquatic ecosystems. During the presentation, Scott Churm and Dr. Emile DeVito explained that invasive mussels may account for over 75% of total benthic biomass in affected waterbodies. Such dominance can disrupt food webs by outcompeting native mussels; harm fish when larvae attach to their gills, sometimes triggering fatal biological responses; reduce biodiversity; and alter water chemistry, ultimately degrading habitat quality for both plants and animals.
Following the initial discovery of the silty pond mussel, testing conducted by the New Jersey Invasive Species Strike Team, the New Jersey Endangered and Nongame Species Program, and the North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences confirmed the presence of this invasive species. With confirmation in hand, early eradication efforts began, centered on careful detection and sustained monitoring to better understand the scope of the infestation.
To assess the extent of the mussel’s presence, response teams combined traditional field surveys with advanced scientific techniques. This integrated approach included SCUBA and snorkel surveys, physical sampling of mussels and stream substrates, and environmental DNA (eDNA) testing, which detects trace genetic material released by organisms into the water and allows scientists to identify species that may not yet be visible during field inspections.
Together, these methods made it possible to find both established populations and early-stage infestations. In 2021, researchers applied highly sensitive genetic markers developed by Rutgers University to determine whether the silty pond mussel had escaped the former aquaculture ponds and spread into surrounding waterways. Initial eDNA sampling focused on Wickecheoke Creek Preserve, where testing provided a clearer picture of the species’ distribution and helped validate findings from visual surveys.
Monitoring efforts later expanded beyond the preserve. In 2021 and 2022, water samples collected from the Raritan River at the confluence of the Millstone and Raritan Rivers produced positive eDNA detections for silty pond mussel. These results pointed to the potential presence of a population within the Raritan River Watershed and highlighted the need for a rapid, coordinated response to prevent further spread.
Together, these methods made it possible to identify both established populations and early-stage infestations. Initial eDNA sampling focused on the preserve, where testing provided a clearer picture of the species’ distribution and helped confirm results from visual surveys. Based on those findings, monitoring efforts expanded to connected waterways where the researchers applied highly sensitive genetic markers developed by Rutgers University to determine whether the silty pond mussel had escaped the former aquaculture ponds and spread beyond Wickecheoke Creek Preserve. In 2021 and 2022, water samples collected from the Raritan River at the confluence of the Millstone and Raritan Rivers yielded positive eDNA detections for silty pond mussel. These results indicated the possible presence of a population within the Raritan River watershed and reinforced the need for a rapid, coordinated response to limit further spread.
Eradication efforts at Wickecheoke Creek Preserve began with extensive planning and regulatory review to ensure treatments would be both effective and protective of surrounding ecosystems. Before field work could proceed, the project team secured all required state permits, verified pond depth and water volume to calculate precise treatment dosages, posted public notices and signage throughout the site, and established protocols for daily safety briefings and site inspections. This preparation ensured the project was conducted safely, transparently, and in full compliance with permit requirements.
Following this approval phase, Princeton Hydro’s licensed applicators, working closely with SePRO and project partners, implemented a targeted treatment using Natrix®, an EPA-registered chelated copper pesticide formulated specifically for invasive mollusk control. Treatments were designed to maintain copper concentrations at 1 part per million for a minimum of 96 hours. To ensure consistent and accurate dosing, water samples were collected and analyzed twice daily at an onsite laboratory throughout the treatment period.
This work is part of an adaptive, science-driven eradication strategy that depends on clear roles and close collaboration among partners. The approach is both preventative and responsive, allowing the team to adjust tactics based on monitoring results and site conditions. The project is supported by funding from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Delaware River Greenway Partnership through the Lower Delaware Wild and Scenic Program.
Looking ahead, the work at Wickecheoke Creek Preserve reflects the themes emphasized by Scott and Emile during their presentation: the importance of early detection, scientific innovation, and coordinated response in addressing invasive species. Continued collaboration among scientists, agencies, conservation organizations, and local communities strengthens the ability to respond quickly and adaptively, while education and public awareness support long-term prevention. Together, these efforts contribute to the protection of native species and freshwater systems and support the ongoing stewardship of our natural spaces.
This Earth Day, students from Foundation Academy Collegiate in Trenton, NJ took their learning beyond the classroom through an immersive placemaking workshop hosted by Princeton Hydro. Designed as a real‑world, community‑based challenge, the experience invited students to reimagine a section of Trenton currently under study as part of the proposed Route 29 relocation project, which aims to reconnect the community to the Delaware River.
The goal was simple but powerful: give students a firsthand look at how planning, engineering, and community engagement shape the places they live, and let them experience those processes in action.
To start the workshop, students explored the basics of land use, Trenton’s development history, and the many steps that go into shaping an engineering project. They learned how planning, engineering design, permitting, construction, funding, and community engagement all work together to influence what gets built and why. With support from the "experts," they analyzed printed maps and photos of the selected site, identifying existing conditions and imagining what could be improved.
Once the activity began, the room quickly transformed into a bustling design studio. Each group received a large map of the site and a spread of crafting materials like blocks, clay, paper, and markers. From there, they built their vision for a future Trenton.
Some groups focused on green space and walkability. Others imagined mixed‑use corridors, safer crossings, or new community gathering areas. A few even experimented with stormwater‑friendly designs, weaving in concepts they had learned earlier in the session.
Throughout the activity, the "experts" from Princeton Hydro including an Engineer, Environmental Scientist, Grant Writer, Communications Specialist, Landscape Architect, and Wildlife Biologist, moved between tables, answering questions, offering technical insight, and encouraging students to think about how different stakeholders might view the same space. Residents, businesses, commuters, environmental groups, and city officials all bring different priorities to the table, and the students quickly discovered how complex those perspectives can be. The students were challenged with questions like "How are you going to fund this project?" "What's your engagement strategy to sell this to your peers?" and "How are you going to manage potential flooding from the river or stormwater in the park?"
Becky Taylor, a longtime Trenton advocate, co‑chair of the Cadwalader Park Alliance, and leader of Trenton Walks! also joined the teaching team for the day. Her work supporting Cadwalader Park’s restoration and experience leading dozens of walks throughout the City has connected her deeply with residents across the city. She is a strategic public affairs executive and small business owner, so as she engaged with students, she encouraged them to think about how public spaces carry history, identity, and community memory, and how thoughtful design can help strengthen those connections.
The students also learned something planners and engineers know well: There is rarely a single right answer. Every design choice involves tradeoffs, and every community space should reflect the values of the people who help shape it.
After building their models, each group presented their development plan to the room as if they were selling their vision to their local community in a public meeting. They explained their design choices, highlighted community needs, and described how their ideas could improve quality of life for residents.
The presentations were thoughtful, creative, and deeply rooted in the students’ lived experience. Many spoke about wanting safer streets, more places to gather, and greener, more welcoming public spaces. Others emphasized the importance of honoring Trenton’s history while planning for its future. They designed features such as a flower garden, a pier for fishing, a stormwater park, wildlife habitat, sports fields, and a kid's playground. One group proposed to elevate the new Route 29 so that the community could walk directly from downtown to their new riverfront park without safety issues of crossing a road. Another group deemed the waterfront development "Trenton 2.0" with trees lining the riverfront, renewable wind energy, and raised housing.
For our team, this workshop reinforced what we already know to be true: youth engagement in STEAM education matters. Young people notice how a place feels to move through, where it feels safe or unsafe, and what kinds of spaces are missing in their daily lives. When given the tools, they articulate those needs with confidence. They also tend to think collaboratively, naturally considering community needs alongside their own.
By learning how land use works and seeing the steps behind planning and development, students begin to understand how decisions are made and how those decisions affect the character of their neighborhoods. Most importantly, they start to see themselves as active participants in shaping their city rather than passive observers. Their insights help ground planning conversations in lived experience, and their voices strengthen the long‑term vision for any community project.
We are grateful to Foundation Academies for spending Earth Day with us and for bringing their energy and insight to this design challenge. As the Route 29 relocation/waterfront study continues, we remain committed to creating opportunities for meaningful participation, especially from young people who will inherit the outcomes of today’s planning decisions.
Earth Day is more than a date on the calendar! It’s a gentle nudge to reconnect with the natural world around us, and a reminder that everyday actions can shape a more sustainable future. Whether you’re tending a garden, removing invasive plants, or picking up litter while out on a walk, these small steps add up to a healthier, more resilient planet. This year, our team found a few fun and meaningful ways to mark the occasion, and we hope this inspires you to get outside and get growing, too.
Spring is the perfect season to take action in your yard or community green space. Whether you’re a seasoned gardener or just starting out, here are a few tips from our team to help your garden thrive:
Looking for more tips? Princeton Hydro landscape architects Jamie Feinstein, RLA and Cory Speroff, PLA, ASLA, CBLP shared their top spring gardening tips in an "Ask Me Anything" Facebook live Q&A session, including:
To welcome spring and celebrate Earth Day, members of the Princeton Hydro team spent an afternoon outside tending the native garden bed at the Trenton headquarters. Located at the front of the building, the perennial planting area features climate-adapted, drought-resistant native species chosen for their ecological benefits and aesthetic appeal.
Although perennials return year after year, they still benefit from seasonal care. Tasks like weeding, pruning, and loosening the soil support strong root systems, encourage healthy growth, and help maintain a thriving, sustainable garden ecosystem. Recognizing the garden's significance and the value of collaboration, our team united to accommodate and nurture this year's growth.
Feeling inspired? Organizing a gardening day is a fun, low-cost way to give back to your environment and bring people together. Celebrate Earth Day 2025 by starting a garden, volunteering with a local environmental group, or organizing your own mini planting day with friends, family or coworkers.
Rain gardens are a beautiful, low-maintenance green infrastructure solution for managing stormwater, reducing erosion, and improving water quality by filtering pollutants before they reach local waterways. They also provide valuable habitat for pollinators and other beneficial wildlife.
Princeton Hydro President Geoffrey M. Goll, P.E. led a free public workshop on how to build a rain garden of your own. Hosted in Yardley, PA by the Lower Makefield Township Environmental Advisory Council as part of their Environmental Lecture Series, the session offered practical, approachable guidance for managing stormwater at home.
Using photos from his own yard, Geoffrey walked attendees through how he designed and installed a rain garden to reduce runoff and eliminate pooling water. He shared ten easy-to-follow tips and answered questions on plant selection, drainage strategies, long-term maintenance, and when and why to amend soil before planting.
Want to learn more? Watch Geoffrey’s full presentation and get inspired to create your own eco-friendly solution to stormwater management:
The real spirit of Earth Day lies in our ongoing commitment to care for the natural world, not just once a year, but in everyday choices and community actions. As Geoffrey quoted in his rain garden presentation, "Small acts, when multiplied by millions of people, can transform the world." – Howard Zinn.
When it comes to restoring lakes and safeguarding watershed health, effective and sustainable solutions depend on science, partnerships, and sustained investment. Princeton Hydro Senior Manager of Aquatics Chris Mikolajczyk, CLM was invited as one of the select experts chosen to represent the North American Lake Management Society’s (NALMS) 314 Working Group in Washington, DC to contribute technical insight and real world expertise during discussions with congressional staff and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) leadership about the policies and funding resources that help communities across the country address nonpoint source pollution.
There are several federal funding programs that states, tribes, local governments, and nonprofits rely on to support critical water-quality improvement initiatives. Among them, Clean Water Act Section 319(h) is a cornerstone program that supports nonpoint source management projects like watershed-based planning, stormwater retrofits, riparian restoration, and targeted education programs. It is administered by USEPA and delivered through states and qualified tribes, and funding typically requires a nonfederal cost share to leverage local investment. In recent federal budget cycles, elements of this funding landscape have faced proposed reductions or complete eliminations by the current administration, including sharp reductions to the Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Funds.
Against that backdrop, the NALMS 314 Working Group organized a bipartisan “fly in” to share data, case studies, and practical policy options with Senate offices and USEPA’s Office of Water, emphasizing how programs like Section 319 translate into measurable, local water quality gains. The group, which included Committee Member Mark Heilman; NALMS Board Member Ben Rhoades; government strategist Drue Winters; and NALMS Past-President Chris Mikolajczyk, CLM, held meetings with the offices of Senators Wicker (R-MS), Markey (D-MA), Alsobrooks (D-MD), and Sanders (D-VT); both majority and minority staff of the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works; and the EPA Office of Water leadership.
Another focal point of the DC conversations was the National Lakes Assessment (NLA), a statistically rigorous survey of lake conditions conducted every five years by USEPA and its state and tribal partners. The most recent NLA, fielded in 2022, provides nationally consistent insight into ecosystem health, key stressors, and recreational indicators, and it helps policymakers understand where water quality is improving or declining and how to target investments.
Created under the Clean Water Act, Section 319(h) is one of the nation’s primary funding tools for tackling runoff driven water quality issues. Through this program, states and tribes can invest in incentive-based, nonpoint source pollution reduction projects. Examples of activities eligible for 319(h) funding include watershed-based planning, BMP implementation, education and outreach, and water quality assessment and monitoring.
Because 319(h) is administered through state programs, it supports local priorities while aligning with national goals. Over time, this approach has enabled communities to design watershed specific strategies, from agricultural and urban stormwater controls to nature-based green infrastructure, and to document water quality improvements with consistent methods. In most cases, a 40% non-federal funding match is required.
At Princeton Hydro, we’ve seen firsthand how Section 319(h) translates into action through state run grant programs. In New Jersey, the NJDEP Water Quality Restoration Grants support projects that reduce nonpoint source pollution, mitigate harmful algal blooms, restore riparian areas, enhance watershed and climate resilience, and restore water quality in New Jersey. The grants are funded through Section 319(h) and administered by NJDEP’s Watershed & Land Management Program.
Princeton Hydro is proud to be a partner on five of the 17 projects most recently awarded funding (2025) through NJDEP’s Water Quality Restoration grants. Our contributions vary by project and encompass activities such as engineering design, water quality assessment, watershed-based planning, and technical support for implementing stormwater and habitat restoration measures. We also supported several partners in developing successful NJDEP Section 319(h) applications, including technical documentation, cost estimates, conceptual designs, and pollutant load reduction estimates.
To take a deeper dive into our most recent collaborations, click here to read our blog: NJDEP Awards $8M for Water Quality Restoration Projects
Princeton Hydro is grateful to NALMS and our fellow 314 Working Group members for convening this effort, and to the Senate offices and USEPA leaders who engaged in thoughtful, solutions-oriented conversations. These conversations are already translating into tangible results.
Following these coordinated advocacy efforts Clean Water Act Section 319(h) funding was restored in the federal budget with an increase of $750,000. More broadly, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ultimately fared better than many federal agencies during the most recent budget cycle, with several programs initially proposed for reduction or elimination reinstated through congressional negotiations.
Chris Mikolajczyk is a Certified Lake Manager and aquatic ecologist with over 35 years of experience in conducting the management, oversight, and coordination of water resource projects in three main areas: aquatic resource restoration and management; aquatic ecosystem sampling and investigations; and stormwater quality modeling and management. Chris also manages the design and implementation of watershed restoration projects, many funded by EPA 319(h), such as structural BMPs; bio-engineering techniques for nutrient reduction; development of TMDL pollutant budgets; and watershed-based monitoring programs. To date, Chris has managed projects involving over 100 lakes and reservoirs. Chris has been a member of the North American Lake Management Society (NALMS) for over 20 years. In that time, he has served on the Board of Directors, chaired the Professional Certification Committee, and served as president from November 2021- November 2022. He currently serves as Board President for the Colorado Lake and Reservoir Management Association.
Princeton Hydro recently joined coastal and climate resilience practitioners from across the region at the 2026 New Jersey Coastal & Climate Resilience Conference, hosted by the New Jersey Coastal Resilience Collaborative (NJCRC) and the New Jersey Department of Environment Projection (NJDEP). With this year’s theme, “Navigating Changing Tides,” the three-day conference brought together hundreds of professionals to share ideas, explore solutions, and strengthen the partnerships essential to advancing coastal resilience.
As part of the conference program, Princeton Hydro's Director of Marketing & Communications Dana Patterson Grear organized a Sunrise Bird Walk at Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge, led by Mike McGraw, CSE, QAWB, ACE, Senior Wildlife Biologist at Princeton Hydro, alongside Drew McQuade and Aleshanee Mooney of the New Jersey Sports and Exposition Authority (NJSEA).
A group of 25+ participants traveled the eight‑mile loop along Wildlife Drive, collectively observing 62 bird species along the way. Highlights included two White Ibis, an Osprey perched on a nesting platform, and hundreds of Snow Geese. As the group approached the end of the loop, a Peregrine Falcon provided the perfect send-off, holding its perch on a refuge sign while the caravan rolled by.
Dr. Clay Emerson, PE, CFM, Senior Technical Director of Engineering Services, shared his perspective on New Jersey’s changing coastal environment and the role bay island restoration can play in protecting vulnerable shorelines.
Clay’s presentation explored how coastal dynamics, restoration design, and resilience planning intersect, offering practical insight into nature‑based strategies that support shoreline stability and long‑term adaptability. His ability to translate complex processes into clear, engaging concepts resonated strongly with the conference audience. Moderated by Tom Herrington of the Monmouth University Urban Coast Institute, Clay participated in a Q&A panel discussion with NOAA Coastal Resilience Fellow Heather Korzun and Research Scientist Dr. John Swartz of The Water Institute to conclude the "Building Community Resilience" breakout session.
Dr. Fred Lubnow, Senior Technical Director of Ecological Services, gave a poster presentation focused on Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) in coastal environments.
Fred’s work examined how HABs behave in dynamic coastal systems, how to identify HABs, and restoration strategies. In the context of the conference theme, his presentation reinforced that HABs are not just seasonal nuisances, but long‑term resilience challenges that require integrated science, monitoring, and restoration approaches.
As part of the conference's Tools Café, Dana Patterson Grear, Director of Marketing & Communications, led a digital storytelling demonstration, titled “Launching an Interactive ArcGIS StoryMap for Public Outreach.” The session demonstrated how digital tools like StoryMaps can be used to translate complex data into accessible narratives that support community engagement, education, and informed decision‑making. Dana guided participants through several ArcGIS StoryMaps created by Princeton Hydro for clients and project partners, showcasing applications ranging from restoration projects and environmental resource inventories to water quality assessments and community science initiatives.
Princeton Hydro was proud to host a conference networking event alongside co‑sponsors Stantec, Baird, and Barnegat Oyster Collective. The gathering created space for conversation, collaboration, and relationship‑building, an essential part of advancing coastal resiliency initiatives and cross‑disciplinary problem‑solving. Attendees enjoyed brief remarks from each of the event sponsors, along with happy‑hour refreshments, and a complimentary oyster bar provided by the Barnegat Oyster Collective. Our team had a great time connecting with colleagues and celebrating the collaborative energy that defined the conference.
Another highlight of the conference for our team was a field trip to The Nature Conservancy in New Jersey’s South Cape May Meadows, where participants explored the newly completed boardwalk, a Princeton Hydro-designed project that creates a half‑mile, universally accessible route through one of the region’s most ecologically significant landscapes. Commissioned by The Nature Conservancy in New Jersey and installed by Renova Environmental Company, the project was designed to provide inclusive public access and opportunities for environmental education while carefully protecting a fragile ecosystem that serves as a vital stopover along the Atlantic Flyway.
Designing a public trail within such a dynamic wetland system required a careful balance between human experience and habitat preservation, with the goal of creating an inviting, educational, and fully accessible route without disturbing critical hydrology, soils, or wildlife. Walking the boardwalk alongside fellow NJCRC Conference participants was a meaningful, full-circle moment for our team, bringing the project’s vision to life.
Huge thanks to New Jersey Coastal Resilience Collaborative and New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection for pulling together another incredible conference. We headed home with new connections, new ideas, and a renewed sense of pride in the work we all do!
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