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This engaging web application weaves together interactive storytelling, multimedia, charts, diagrams, and dynamic web maps to provide an in-depth look at the decade-long journey to restore Lake Luxembourg's Conservation Pool. Designed as a publicly accessible resource, the StoryMap allows users to explore project details in an intuitive, interactive format—zooming and panning through specific project areas, viewing site attributes, and navigating restoration initiatives without the need for specialized GIS software or training. Its goal is to connect the community with its watershed, showcase the significance of restoration efforts, and inspire environmental stewardship. Let’s take a closer look at the restoration project and how the StoryMap brings it to life. The Lake Luxembourg Conservation Pool Restoration Project In the summer of 2024, the Bucks County Conservation District in collaboration with Bucks County government completed the Conservation Pool Restoration Project, the culmination of a decade-long effort to improve water quality in the Core Creek watershed. [caption id="attachment_17211" align="alignnone" width="1631"] Overview of the Core Creek watershed. The Lake Luxembourg reservoir sits at the southern, downstream end of the watershed.[/caption] The Conservation Pool is an upstream section of Lake Luxembourg, a 174-acre reservoir that serves as the final major stop for Core Creek before it flows into Neshaminy Creek. Located northeast of the Woodbourne Road bridge, the Pool accounts for one-tenth of the lake’s total area. Surrounded by wetlands, forests, and agricultural fields, it also receives water from two smaller tributaries in addition to Core Creek. The project, with engineering and design beginning in 2016, focused on enhancing the Conservation Pool’s ability to filter pollutants by reducing sediment and nutrient buildup. To achieve this, the project team created a sediment forebay—an upstream settling basin designed to capture sediment before it enters the main lake—by dredging 15,000 cubic yards of phosphorus-rich sediment from the Pool’s upstream section. Native vegetation was planted along the shallow banks to stabilize the shoreline, filter excess phosphorus, and establish an emergent wetland system that supports native wildlife. Over the course of a month, approximately 36,000 live plugs were planted at the Lake Luxembourg Conservation Pool. Wooden stakes, construction fencing, and twine was installed around planting areas to deter geese from eating the young plants: [gallery link="none" columns="2" size="medium" ids="17214,17213"] Then, on September 6, 2024, the project team worked with volunteers to install more native plants: This long-term management approach enhances pollution control in the watershed while ensuring future maintenance and sediment removal can be carried out efficiently. Princeton Hydro continues to work with watershed stakeholders to improve Lake Luxembourg’s water quality, including partnering with BCCD to reassess and update stabilization practices in areas affected by the changing climate and invasive species. Now, thanks to the ArcGIS StoryMap, the entire restoration process can be explored in an interactive and engaging way! The StoryMap at a Glance: A Comprehensive Interactive Experience Restoring a watershed is a complex, multi-year, multi-pronged effort. While project reports and technical documents provide valuable data, they don’t always capture the full scope of the work in an accessible way. That’s where the Lake Luxembourg Conservation Pool Restoration Project StoryMap comes in. This interactive digital experience transforms years of planning, permitting, construction, and ecological restoration into a visually rich, user-friendly platform. The journey begins with “A Watershed Story: Understanding the Core Creek Watershed,” which introduces users to the region’s significance and challenges. Engaging visuals, clickable maps, and educational diagrams help explain watershed dynamics, land use changes, and the importance of water quality management. Next, “Past Restoration Projects in the Core Creek Watershed” highlights nine municipal and private projects designed to reduce sediment and nutrient loads, featuring an interactive map of efforts like the Lake Luxembourg Southeast Shoreline Stabilization and Pocket Wetland Creation. The StoryMap then shifts focus to the Conservation Pool Restoration Project, exploring key project components with interactive site maps and detailed insights, including:
The Bucks County Conservation District, in collaboration with Bucks County Planning Commission and Princeton Hydro, has launched an interactive ArcGIS StoryMap showcasing the Lake Luxembourg Conservation Pool Restoration Project. This engaging web application weaves together interactive storytelling, multimedia, charts, diagrams, and dynamic web maps to provide an in-depth look at the decade-long journey to restore Lake Luxembourg's Conservation Pool.
Designed as a publicly accessible resource, the StoryMap allows users to explore project details in an intuitive, interactive format—zooming and panning through specific project areas, viewing site attributes, and navigating restoration initiatives without the need for specialized GIS software or training. Its goal is to connect the community with its watershed, showcase the significance of restoration efforts, and inspire environmental stewardship.
Let’s take a closer look at the restoration project and how the StoryMap brings it to life.
In the summer of 2024, the Bucks County Conservation District in collaboration with Bucks County government completed the Conservation Pool Restoration Project, the culmination of a decade-long effort to improve water quality in the Core Creek watershed.
The Conservation Pool is an upstream section of Lake Luxembourg, a 174-acre reservoir that serves as the final major stop for Core Creek before it flows into Neshaminy Creek. Located northeast of the Woodbourne Road bridge, the Pool accounts for one-tenth of the lake’s total area. Surrounded by wetlands, forests, and agricultural fields, it also receives water from two smaller tributaries in addition to Core Creek.
The project, with engineering and design beginning in 2016, focused on enhancing the Conservation Pool’s ability to filter pollutants by reducing sediment and nutrient buildup. To achieve this, the project team created a sediment forebay—an upstream settling basin designed to capture sediment before it enters the main lake—by dredging 15,000 cubic yards of phosphorus-rich sediment from the Pool’s upstream section. Native vegetation was planted along the shallow banks to stabilize the shoreline, filter excess phosphorus, and establish an emergent wetland system that supports native wildlife.
Over the course of a month, approximately 36,000 live plugs were planted at the Lake Luxembourg Conservation Pool. Wooden stakes, construction fencing, and twine was installed around planting areas to deter geese from eating the young plants:
This long-term management approach enhances pollution control in the watershed while ensuring future maintenance and sediment removal can be carried out efficiently. Princeton Hydro continues to work with watershed stakeholders to improve Lake Luxembourg’s water quality, including partnering with BCCD to reassess and update stabilization practices in areas affected by the changing climate and invasive species.
Now, thanks to the ArcGIS StoryMap, the entire restoration process can be explored in an interactive and engaging way!
Restoring a watershed is a complex, multi-year, multi-pronged effort. While project reports and technical documents provide valuable data, they don’t always capture the full scope of the work in an accessible way. That’s where the Lake Luxembourg Conservation Pool Restoration Project StoryMap comes in. This interactive digital experience transforms years of planning, permitting, construction, and ecological restoration into a visually rich, user-friendly platform.
The journey begins with “A Watershed Story: Understanding the Core Creek Watershed,” which introduces users to the region’s significance and challenges. Engaging visuals, clickable maps, and educational diagrams help explain watershed dynamics, land use changes, and the importance of water quality management.
Next, “Past Restoration Projects in the Core Creek Watershed” highlights nine municipal and private projects designed to reduce sediment and nutrient loads, featuring an interactive map of efforts like the Lake Luxembourg Southeast Shoreline Stabilization and Pocket Wetland Creation.
The StoryMap then shifts focus to the Conservation Pool Restoration Project, exploring key project components with interactive site maps and detailed insights, including:
A highlight of the StoryMap is the “Construction at a Glance” section, featuring a compelling YouTube video that captures the restoration effort from start to finish. Click below to watch the video now:
The final section, “Future of the Core Creek Watershed,” looks ahead at upcoming restoration efforts, the ongoing impact of climate change, and strategies for long-term ecosystem resilience. Topics include climate projections for Bucks County, extreme weather impacts, and collaborative conservation efforts.
By blending maps, visuals, and interactive storytelling, this StoryMap serves as both an educational tool and a digital archive of the Lake Luxembourg Conservation Pool Restoration Project. Explore the StoryMap now and see for yourself how this vital environmental restoration initiative is shaping the future of the watershed.
Welcome to our latest installment of the “A Day in the Life” blog series. Today, we delve into the fascinating world of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analysis through the eyes of Tara Srinivasan. Tara, an environmental staff scientist for the Restoration & Resilience team and a GIS analyst, combines her passion for environmental research with the power of geospatial data to support sustainable projects that enhance ecosystems and communities alike.
GIS is a powerful technology used to study, analyze and visualize geospatial data. In Tara’s role at Princeton Hydro, GIS serves as both a creative and analytical tool, enabling her to generate and explore detailed maps of environmental conditions at project sites, such as vegetation, soils, topography, and water bodies. This process aids in identifying restoration needs, addressing challenges, and developing innovative solutions.
Let’s embark on a journey through a typical day in Tara’s role and uncover how her expertise helps shape Princeton Hydro’s environmental restoration projects.
Tara usually starts her day in the office, preparing to analyze data for a particular project. Using GIS software like ArcGIS, she examines historical and current imagery of the site, overlays habitat features, and maps property boundaries. These analyses help Tara and the project team understand the site’s existing conditions, such as watershed boundaries and the presence of threatened or endangered species.
“GIS allows us to study locations remotely, uncover patterns and features that might not be obvious on the ground, and understand how a place interacts with its surrounding environment,” Tara explains. “By incorporating extensive environmental data from local, state, and national resources - collected by both public and private organizations - I can gain a comprehensive view of a project site before we even set foot in the field.”
From calculating the impacts of a proposed restoration project to mapping flood conditions under various climate scenarios, Tara’s work ensures that Princeton Hydro’s environmental solutions are informed by robust spatial data and cutting-edge technology.
One project Tara is especially proud of is Princeton Hydro’s contribution to the Trenton Vulnerability Assessment, part of the Resilient NJ initiative administered by the NJDEP Bureau of Climate Resilience Planning. “We modeled flooding and urban heat islands based on current data and future projections of climate change, and created a mapping tool that overlaid hazard areas with Trenton’s critical facilities, community assets, cultural and ecological resources, and vulnerable populations,” she shares. Tara had the opportunity to present this data to Trenton residents, who shared their questions and ideas for solutions that the City incorporated into its climate planning efforts. “It was a great way to engage with our local Trenton community, get in-person feedback on our maps, and see the potential that GIS and environmental data have in informing social conversations,” Tara adds.
Today, Tara is focused on defining the boundaries of a watershed surrounding a small lake. In this video, she walks us through her step-by-step process for watershed delineation:
Collaboration is a key part of Tara’s role. On a typical day, she meets with Princeton Hydro’s regulatory team to discuss GIS findings that inform project permitting and compliance. These partnerships enhance her work, ensuring that data analyses align with project goals and regulatory standards.
Tara also communicates her findings to clients and stakeholders who may not have technical GIS backgrounds. She uses intuitive maps, symbols, and colors—like blue for water and green for forests—to help stakeholders understand complex concepts at a glance. “Maps are a powerful thing,” Tara says. “They can bring people up to speed quickly and convey information in a way that words alone cannot.”
When maps become more intricate, Tara incorporates supplementary visuals, such as tables and graphs, to provide additional clarity. Her ability to bridge technical expertise with accessible communication is crucial for guiding clients through project decisions.
Although much of her work is office-based, Tara occasionally heads out into the field to collect data or monitor project sites. Equipped with GPS tools and field notebooks, she assesses topography, vegetation, and other site-specific details that feed back into her GIS analyses.
“Fieldwork provides a fresh perspective,” Tara notes. “It’s a great opportunity to see how projects are implemented and to observe how the environment evolves over time.”
Whether delineating watersheds or monitoring post-construction conditions, these outings connect Tara’s technical work to the tangible landscapes she aims to restore.
Tara thrives on finding innovative solutions to challenges in her work, such as optimizing software processes and addressing gaps in available data. Her meticulous organization of databases, attention to detail, and commitment to accuracy ensure that her outputs are both reliable and impactful. When data is limited, Tara ensures transparency by clearly communicating any uncertainties, fostering trust and confidence in her analyses.
Tara also approaches her work with a strong ethical lens, carefully considering the implications of GIS analyses on communities and ecosystems. “When you look at a map of a stream, lake, wetland, or forest in an urban area, it’s important to notice the houses, schools, businesses, parks, and other features that surround them,” Tara explains. “Our projects impact both the environment and people. GIS helps us examine a large area and assess our impact so we can minimize any temporary or permanent effects, both legally and ethically.” She notes that GIS can even identify already disturbed areas for construction access, helping preserve healthier habitats.
Tara’s love for maps dates back to her childhood, when she was captivated by the intricate, hand-drawn maps in fantasy novels. Her fascination grew through exploring Google Earth, imagining future travels, and observing how geography shapes civilizations. This passion now drives her professional journey, where she uses GIS to merge her analytical skills with creativity. “I’ve always been a visual learner, so I find something grounding about orienting yourself on a map,” Tara shares.
When she’s not working, Tara enjoys wildlife photography hikes, baking experiments, and writing music for her ukulele—a testament to her creativity both inside and outside the office.
For Tara, GIS is more than a tool; it’s a gateway to understanding and addressing environmental challenges. Her work at Princeton Hydro highlights the versatility of GIS in projects ranging from wetland restoration to climate change resilience. Reflecting on her role, Tara says, “What I love most about GIS is its ability to bring environmental stories to life, helping people connect with the places they care about in a meaningful way.”
Through her dedication and expertise, Tara embodies the spirit of innovation and environmental stewardship that defines Princeton Hydro’s mission.
Princeton Hydro’s multidisciplinary team combines unparalleled expertise with innovative geospatial technology to deliver integrated ecological and engineering solutions. From comprehensive assessments and sustainable design to implementation and community engagement, we are committed to addressing complex environmental challenges. Our team’s proven capabilities in natural resource management, water resources engineering, and geotechnical design—enhanced by in-house GIS expertise—enable us to provide tailored solutions that achieve measurable results. Whether conducting regional-scale analyses, developing coastal resiliency plans, or advancing ecological restoration efforts, we are proud to contribute to a sustainable future throughout the Northeast and beyond.
The South Cape May Meadows Preserve, owned and managed by The Nature Conservancy (TNC), is a jewel among New Jersey's protected landscapes. Spanning over 200 acres adjacent to Cape May State Park, the preserve is celebrated for its diverse habitats, including beaches, dunes, freshwater wetlands, and fields. As a crucial stopover along the Atlantic Flyway, it offers refuge to rare and endangered shorebirds as well as native and migratory birds, making it a globally renowned paradise for birders. It also supports a wide variety of terrestrial species year-round.
The Preserve also has a variety of features aimed at enhancing visitor experience, promoting sustainability, and supporting its diverse wildlife. These features include a welcome shed with a green roof, a rain garden, purple martin houses, a raised wildlife viewing platform, an osprey platform with a streaming camera, benches, interpretive signs, and an 80-foot bird blind.
With its rich biodiversity, scenic beauty and unique features, the South Cape May Meadows Preserve is a site of high public interest and use, attracting approximately 90,000 visitors each year. To accommodate the high level of public interest and improve accessibility, TNC contracted Princeton Hydro to upgrade the existing path network to make it more physically accessible and to create new pathways that open up previously unreachable areas of the Preserve.
Given that much of the site is composed of freshwater wetlands, creating accessible pathways without disturbing these sensitive areas presented a unique challenge that required innovative solutions. To address this, the centerpiece of the project was the construction of an elevated boardwalk trail in the western area of the preserve. Slated for completion in September 2024, the new boardwalk will add 2,675 linear feet of elevated walking paths throughout the preserve, along with a 480-square-foot elevated viewing platform. The boardwalk will wind through previously inaccessible wetland areas and is designed to comply with ADA standards, ensuring that visitors of all abilities can explore and enjoy the preserve's unique maritime landscape.
Led by TNC, the Princeton Hydro team was responsible for designing, permitting, and overseeing construction for the project, with Renova serving as the primary construction partner. The images below are renderings and a mapped layout of the project site created by Landscape Architect Cory Speroff, PLA, ASLA, CBLP of Princeton Hydro, the lead project designer and project manager:
To minimize environmental impact during construction, the boardwalk is being installed using a top-down construction method. This approach required finding a product that could meet all design requirements while supporting the necessary equipment for construction from above. The project team selected GreenWalk™, a proprietary structure system manufactured by IDEAL Foundation Systems. GreenWalk™ is a highly engineered, modular, zero-maintenance boardwalk system that meets all of the project criteria while ensuring minimal disturbance to the wetland.
This video provides a behind-the-scenes look at the boardwalk installation process and the intricate work involved in bringing this accessible pathway to life. Watch now to see how we're making nature more accessible for everyone:
In addition to the boardwalk, the Princeton Hydro team designed and permitted several site improvements to enhance accessibility and visitor experience:
Existing trail surface types were assessed for sturdiness, and cost-effective measures were implemented to enhance accessibility. This included leveling the existing gravel and sandy portions of the Main and East trails and replacing them with a firmer, more stable surface.
Equipped with safety railing, handrails, seated observation areas, and educational signs in both braille and English print, the boardwalk is designed to provide support for people with accessibility considerations.
The existing parking lot was upgraded to include formal ADA spaces. One-third of the original stone parking lot was converted to concrete to improve accessibility.
These efforts ensure that the South Cape May Meadows Preserve remains an inclusive and ecologically sensitive destination, allowing all visitors to fully appreciate the natural beauty and biodiversity of this unique maritime landscape.
Speroff emphasized that the boardwalk is more than just a pathway through nature; it symbolizes a collective commitment to protecting and celebrating the environment: “It stands as a reminder that we can create spaces that are both beautiful and functional, without compromising the health of our planet. By choosing sustainable materials and practices, we have set a standard for future projects in our community and beyond. Moreover, this boardwalk represents our pledge to inclusivity, going above and beyond the minimum standards for ADA compliance. We created a space where everyone, regardless of physical abilities, can enjoy the beauty of our natural surroundings—a place where families can come together, individuals can find solitude, and nature can be experienced by all.”
On Sunday, August 4, TNC hosted a ribbon-cutting ceremony at the South Cape May Meadows Preserve to unveil the new boardwalk trail and site enhancements. The event highlighted the significant strides made in increasing the preserve’s accessibility and offered attendees a preview of the new features, including four metal plaques with tactile elements and braille, showcasing nature themes like the life cycle of a butterfly and frog, turtle shells, and dragonflies.
Speeches were given by Barbara Brummer, State Director of The Nature Conservancy in New Jersey; Paulo Rodriguez Heyman, President of Renova; Mark Gallagher, Vice President of Princeton Hydro; and both the father and grandmother of Julian Tao Knipper. The Knipper family generously donated to the project in memory of Julian, who dearly loved Cape May and tragically passed away at the age of three. The project also honored Pat and Clay Sutton, esteemed educators, authors, naturalists, photographers, lecturers, nature tour leaders, and long-time champions for the protection of Cape May’s rich biodiversity. The new trail was officially dedicated to Julian, Pat and Clay.
Speroff expressed deep appreciation for the donors, stating, “The belief in this project and the willingness to invest in this vision made it possible to create a space that is accessible to all and harmonious with our natural surroundings. These contributions are not just financial; they are investments in the future of the Cape May community and our planet.”
It is essential to also acknowledge the invaluable contributions of those who made this project possible, creating a space where people of all abilities can enjoy nature, reflect, and find peace. Special thanks go to The Nature Conservancy, particularly Barbara Brummer, Eric Olsen, Damon Noe, Elliot Nagele, and the TNC project staff. The Renova Team's hard work and dedication were instrumental in bringing the one-of-a-kind boardwalk to life. Additionally, the design team, including IDEAL Foundation Systems, Bedford, L2A, and JBCI, played a crucial role in the project’s success. And, members of the Princeton Hydro team, especially Cory Speroff, PLA, ASLA, CBLP; Geoffrey M. Goll, P.E.; Ryan Eno, EIT; Ivy Babson; and Casey Pantaleo, P.E.
The Nature Conservancy and Princeton Hydro have a storied history of working on impactful projects together, from removing obsolete dams and opening up miles of river for fish passage to eradicating invasive species right here on this property. A few years ago, we designed the removal of Columbia Lake Dam, which reconnected 20 miles of stream, with American Shad returning to their native spawning grounds upstream just months after it was removed. And now, as this South Cape May Meadows Preserve project nears completion, we celebrate a project that offers everyone the chance to experience its natural beauty and biodiversity. This collaboration between Princeton Hydro and TNC underscores the importance of creating inclusive spaces that honor and protect our natural world.
Within the next few weeks, stay tuned for more updates and photos as we near completion on this exciting project, ensuring that the South Cape May Meadows Preserve remains a cherished destination for all who visit.
The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) launched its fourth annual Youth Inclusion Initiative. The program hopes to enrich young participants, who may not have the opportunity to explore open spaces in their community, with hands-on environmental field experience under the tutelage of NJDEP professionals and mentors.
This year’s participants consisted of youths from several different community-based organizations. These partners include Neighborhood Improvement Association (Trenton), Rutgers-Camden, The Work Group (Camden), Ranch Hope (Salem), Boys and Girls Club of Garfield, Groundwork Elizabeth, Ironbound Community Corporation (Newark), and United Community Corporation (Newark).
Over six weeks, eight community organizations guided participants as they engaged with professionals to explore careers in water and air monitoring, natural resource management, wildlife conservation, and other related fields. Additionally, a new component of the program introduces "community project days," where participants actively contribute to environmental projects within their neighborhoods. These projects enable participants to make a positive impact on their communities, fostering a sense of civic pride and environmental stewardship. Activities may include park cleanups, installing educational exhibits, and establishing community gardens.
The program has been expanded to include a full day of rehearsal, with a focus on public speaking abilities and mock interviews, regarded as integral components of professional development. Throughout the summer, participants will engage in resume and cover letter writing sessions and attend presentations led by guest speakers.
In addition to fostering personal and professional growth, participants devoted a substantial amount of their time to honing technical skills through hands-on activities. These activities included simulating environmental impact investigations, collecting macroinvertebrates from a stream to gauge water quality, interacting with fish at a state trout hatchery, and designing a park in collaboration with Green Acres staff. To further enrich their understanding, the program also incorporates a visit to the regional headquarters of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
As part of this initiative for the third year in a row, the NJDEP's Division of Land Resource Protection Mitigation Unit invited Princeton Hydro and Mercer County Park Commission to host three sessions at John A. Roebling Park. Under the guidance of Princeton Hydro mentors Mark Gallagher, Dana Patterson Grear, and Mike McGraw, the team educated young participants about invasive species and the importance of restoring native landscapes. The initiative exposed attendees to the varied roles of environmental scientists, water resource engineers, geologists, restoration ecologists, wildlife biologist, pesticide applicators, regulatory compliance specialists, and communications professionals, thereby enhancing their understanding of these professions and sparking a fascination for the natural world.
The program began at Tulpehaking Nature Center like in previous years. After representatives from Mercer County Park Commission and Friends of the Abbott Marshlands introduced the site's history, Princeton Hydro discussed career opportunities in conservation and gave a brief overview of ongoing restoration efforts in the park to eliminate the invasive Common Reed (Phragmites australis), and NJDEP representative, Jessica Klein, gave a presentation about her work in wetland mitigation.
Before venturing into the Abbott Marshlands, the northernmost freshwater tidal wetlands along the Delaware River, the Princeton Hydro team conducted a health and safety briefing. They highlighted potential risks and exposures to ensure everyone's awareness. This briefing is a crucial part of prioritizing the safety of all participants in our work.
Shortly after setting out on the road to the site, the students received an additional lesson. Mark directed their attention to a nearby tree where poison ivy - a native plant - had stealthily climbed up the trunk. To their surprise, the young participants had mistaken the trailing vines for branches of the tree. This observation highlighted the remarkable ability of poison ivy to adapt to its surroundings, finding innovative ways to persist and thrive in its environment.
As the second group continued their journey down the path, they encountered a Fowler’s toad. Initially, its slippery texture startled them, but they quickly realized the frog's harmless nature. Through gentle pats on its head, they gained a newfound appreciation for these fascinating creatures, transforming their initial fear into a sense of wonder and respect.
Venturing through the marshland, the young explorers gained insights into wetland delineation. They witnessed the fascinating process of using a hand auger and a Munsell Soil Color Book to identify and understand the unique characteristics of wetland soils. In a delightful exploration of local flora, participants delved into the art of species identification using a specialized field guide. They learned to distinguish invasive plant species from their native counterparts, such as sensitive fern, which they were able to see during a short nature walk on a trail back to the nature center.
In a seemingly unremarkable area of the riverbank, the third group stumbled upon a startling discovery. Amidst the lush vegetation, a highly toxic plant known as poison hemlock flourished. The students were taken aback by its presence in an otherwise ordinary location. They had never encountered such a hazardous plant in their previous studies. The poison hemlock, with its delicate white flowers and feathery leaves, belied its deadly nature. The students were captivated by its beauty, but the instructors cautioned them against touching.
The encounter with poison hemlock and poison ivy served as a valuable lesson for the students. They realized that even in seemingly ordinary places, hidden dangers could lurk. They developed a newfound respect for the power of nature and the importance of exercising caution when exploring unfamiliar environments.
Ending the day, participants from the first group had the privilege of attending a lesson conducted by Wildlife Biologist Mike McGraw. With the assistance of the Nature Center's resident corn snake, Mike introduced the students to the fascinating world of reptiles. Overcoming their initial apprehension towards these slithery creatures, the students discovered that there was much more to snakes than they had previously imagined. Mike dispelled common misconceptions and fears, explaining that snakes are not inherently dangerous creatures but rather play a vital role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems.
The NJDEP Youth Inclusion Initiative began on July 8 and culminated on August 16 with a graduation and NJDEP Career Day where students had the opportunity to meet and discuss career options with various organizations who tabled at the event, including Princeton Hydro.
To learn more about the NJDEP education program, click here. If you’re interested in learning more about Princeton Hydro’s ecological restoration services, click here.
We are thrilled to announce the newest addition to our fleet: The Marsh Master® 2MX-KC-FH! This multi-functional, eco-friendly, and fully amphibious machine is specifically designed to work in wetland environments with minimal disruption to the delicate ecosystem.
One of the Marsh Master®'s primary roles is combating invasive and nuisance plant species, including the notorious non-native Phragmites australis, also known as Common Reed. Utilizing its innovative leveling and cutting mechanisms, this powerhouse of a machine efficiently knocks down and chops up sprayed or winter-weakened vegetation. Equipped with two powerful rotary blades, it effortlessly cuts through dense underbrush and tall marsh grasses, effectively controlling invasive weeds and problematic plant growth.
"We are committed to offering more non-chemical alternatives for aquatic invasive species control. The Marsh Master® 2MX-KC-FH is the second marsh buggy in our fleet," said Geoffrey M. Goll, President of Princeton Hydro. "This model is larger and more powerful, allowing us to cover more ground in a shorter period of time. Adding this machine to our fleet is an important investment in achieving our firm's environmental stewardship goals."
What sets the Marsh Master® apart is its versatility and low environmental impact. With its lightweight construction and advanced weight distribution system, it exerts low ground pressure and boasts high floating capacity. This allows the Marsh Master® to operate seamlessly on water, in deep or shallow depths, and on dry land without disturbing sensitive environments like nature preserves, wetlands, and canal banks. Its highly maneuverable design ensures easy passage through narrow channels and around hazards, making it the ideal choice for a wide range of applications.
But the Marsh Master® is not just a one-trick pony. With a wide array of tools and accessories, it can perform a variety of functions, from weed cutting and harvesting to debris removal to excavation to soil sampling.
During a recent project in Middlesex County, we put the Marsh Master® to the test to clear an area overrun with Phragmites australis. These invasive weeds not only create dense thickets unsuitable for native fauna but also outcompete local vegetation, leading to a decrease in plant diversity. Thanks to the Marsh Master®'s efficient cutting and rolling capabilities, we were able to expose the marsh plain and get it ready for planting of native vegetation in the Spring. This is just one example of how the Marsh Master is making a tangible difference in restoring delicate ecosystems.
Through a combination of prevention, early detection, eradication, restoration, research and outreach, we can protect our native landscapes and reduce the spread of invasive species. Learn more about our invasive species removal and restoration services.
A wetland is a unique ecosystem that is permanently or seasonally saturated by water, including swamps, marshes, bogs, vernal pools, and similar areas. They provide water quality improvement, flood protection, shoreline erosion control, food for humans and animals, and critical habitat for thousands of species of aquatic and terrestrial plants, aquatic organisms, and wildlife.
Princeton Hydro is regionally recognized for its capabilities in the restoration of freshwater and saltwater wetland ecosystems. Our ecologists also regularly conduct wetland delineations. A wetland delineation, a requirement of most permitting efforts, is the field work conducted to determine the boundary between the upper limit of a wetland and the lower limit of an upland thus identifying the approximate extent and location of wetlands on a requested site.
For this edition of our “A Day in the Life” blog series, we join Environmental Scientist Ivy Babson and Regulatory Compliance & Wildlife Surveys Project Manager Emily Bjorhus, PWS out in the field for a wetland delineation.
Most commonly, wetlands are delineated based on the Routine Onsite Determination Method set forth in the Federal Manual Identifying and Delineating Jurisdictional Wetlands (FICWD 1989) with supplemental information provided by the applicable United States Army Corps of Engineers’ (USACE) regional supplement manual.
USACE’s “three-parameter” approach defines an area as a wetland if it exhibits, under normal circumstances, all the following characteristics:
Ivy and Emily begin by coordinating with the client to ensure they’ve been granted site access approval.
They then perform a comprehensive desktop analysis of the project site, identifying existing features like wetlands, open waters (streams, lakes), and potential hydric soils. This involves utilizing resources like USFWS's National Wetland Inventory Mapper, the U.S. Geological Survey's SSURGO Soils Survey, and, for New Jersey-based delineations, NJDEP's GeoWeb. The desktop review also allows Ivy and Emily to assemble the proper safety gear and create a Model Health & Safety Plan (HASP). A HASP must always be prepared before the field work begins.
It's always important to make a plan for the project. If we are delineating a large property, it might take several days to traverse, and each day, the weather might be different. So planning ahead, but also being prepared for unexpected changes, will make the day go that much smoother. And, as part of the HASP, we must identify important points of contact and know where the closest hospital is in case of a serious emergency. So, reviewing this information and planning ahead prior to heading into the field is a very important step in the process.
While wetland delineations can be conducted any time of the year, they are best conducted during the “growing season” when soil temperatures are above the biologic zero and vegetation is easily identifiable by leaves, inflorescence, or other unique identifying characteristics that would otherwise be difficult to identify during the winter months.
Ivy and Emily begin by locating known (mapped) wetland or waterbody features and writing a list of all plants observed on-site. They maintain the plant list throughout the day.
If, during the desktop review, they find a mapped wetland or stream, they walk there first to determine if wetlands are actually present. Even if a wetland is mapped on a database, it may not actually exist for various reasons. On the flip side, even if a site is not mapped as containing wetlands, the site could very well contain them. As such, the wetland delineation determines exactly what is on-site and supplements the desktop review.
As mentioned above, a wetland delineation considers three determining factors: 1) vegetation, 2) soils, and 3) hydrology. While on site, Ivy and Emily must identify hydrophytic vegetation, take soil borings, and look for wetland hydrology to identify whether a wetland is present or not.
Wetlands are dominated by hydrophytes which are plants that can grow in water or on a substrate that is at least periodically deficient in oxygen because of excessive water content and depleted soil oxygen levels.
The USACE and NJDEP definition of hydrophytes is based on the USFWS classification system. In general, any plant species that is found growing in wetlands more than 50% of the time is considered a hydrophyte. These plants include those classified by the USFWS as “facultative," “facultative wetland," or “obligate."
As a wetland delineator, it is important to possess strong plant identification skills and an eye for recognizing various ecological plant communities, which are groups of plants that share a common environment and environmental requirements. They are often defined by dominant plant species.
Once Ivy and Emily identify the hydrophytic plant community, they determine what type of ecological community they are in (e.g., freshwater forested wetland, estuarine scrub-shrub wetland, or freshwater tidal emergent marsh). Today, they are in a freshwater forested wetland, which means Ivy and Emily must now assess each stratum of the forested wetland by writing down the species and associated percent species cover.
To accurately describe the vegetation at each sampling point, we collect data on each horizontal strata or layer. Vegetative strata for which dominants are determined include (1) tree (> 5.0 inches diameter at breast height (DBH) and 20 feet or taller); (2) sapling (0.4 to <5.0 inches DBH and <20 feet tall); (3) shrub (usually 3 to 20 feet tall including multi-stemmed, bushy shrubs); (4) woody vine; and (5) herb (herbaceous plants including graminoids, forbs, ferns, fern allies, herbaceous vines, and tree seedlings). They repeat this process for each representative wetland.
Next, Ivy and Emily look for the upland plant community that is directly upslope of the wetland and make note of the proximity to the wetland, repeating the same vegetation documentation process.
Ivy and Emily must determine whether the soils within the hydrophytic plant community are hydric. Hydric soils are defined as soils that are saturated, flooded, or ponded long enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions in the upper part. Hydric soil indicators are features in the soil that predominantly form by biogeochemical processes in a saturated and anaerobic environment and result in the accumulation of loss of iron, manganese, sulfur, or carbon compounds.
Emily uses a soil auger to collect a sample of the first 6 - 12 inches of soil where the most significant parts of a hydric soil would be occurring.
Once Ivy and Emily identify that the soil is indeed hydric, Ivy uses her Munsell soil color book to determine the value of the soil and each hydric soil indicator.
They also document additional characteristics of each soil layer: Is it loam, silty loam, sand, sandy loam, silt, muck, clay, clayey loam, etc.? What is the percentage of rocks, plant roots, or other organic matter in each layer? What is the percentage of redoximorphic features of each layer and are they faint or prominent?
Each layer of the soil profile, which is typically documented to a depth of at least 18 inches, is sectioned out and thoroughly described.
The identification of positive indicators of wetland hydrology includes direct observation of indicator groups, such as the observation of surface water or saturated soils, evidence of recent inundation, evidence of current or recent soil saturation, and evidence from other site conditions or data. Each group contains several indicators, which are classified into categories known as “primary” or “secondary” indicators.
To positively identify the area as being a wetland, at least one primary wetland indicator (from any group) or at least two secondary wetland indicators (from any group) must be present.
Additionally, for an area to be designated as a wetland, the area must have the presence of water for a week or more during the growing season. Areas with wetland hydrology characteristics are those where the presence of water has an overriding influence on characteristics of vegetation and soils due to anaerobic and reducing conditions, respectively.
Today, Emily and Ivy observe a depression (secondary) along with a few inches of standing water (primary), water-stained leaves (primary), frogs hopping around (primary), and moss trim lines on the tree trunks (secondary). All signs point to a forested wetland; however, there is more to consider.
Ivy and Emily’s soil boring assessment showed that the soils within the top 12 inches of the soil surface were saturated (primary) and bright orange streaks were visible along the plant roots, which they documented as oxidized rhizospheres along living roots (primary). Because they identified more than one primary and two secondary wetland indicators, they can confidently delineate the wetland.
Now that Ivy and Emily established that a wetland is present, they must find the boundary of the upland. They are now looking for the absence of hydrophytic vegetation, hydric soils, and positive indicators of wetland hydrology as well as the dominance of upland ecological plant communities. The same analysis and documentation process they completed for the wetland area is also required for the upland area.
Once they locate the boundary, they flag the wetland line, labeling the flagging with the wetland nomenclature and either hanging it or pinning it into the ground.
While the description sounds relatively simple, finding the boundary between a wetland and upland can be tricky and time consuming. For example, there may be some hydrophytic vegetation growing within an upland and there may be one secondary positive indicator of wetland hydrology, but hydric soils are missing. To positively classify an area as a wetland, a slam dunk on all three parameters is required.
Ivy and Emily must also delineate waterbodies concurrent with wetlands. Waterbodies may include, but are not limited to, streams, rivers, lakes, and ponds. To delineate a waterbody, they hang labeled flagging along the waterbody’s top of bank or its ordinary high water mark. Throughout this process, they take pictures to document the existing waterbody conditions.
Once the wetland delineation is complete, Ivy and Emily draw out a field sketch that depicts the approximate extent and location of the wetland and waterbody boundaries with their respective nomenclature.
Depending on the project scope, the field sketch is either submitted to a Professional Licensed Surveyor who will then visit the site to survey each wetland and waterbody flag, or Ivy and Emily will return to the site to survey each flag with a survey-grade GPS. Once the survey is complete, Ivy and Emily will conduct a final review of the plans to ensure accuracy.
If requested, they will also prepare a wetland delineation report, which outlines the delineation method, findings, results, and thorough description of each wetland and its soils, hydrology, and vegetation.
“Wetland delineations aren’t for the faint of heart,” said Ivy. “At the end of the day, you might emerge from a dense stand of Phragmites garnering strange looks from passersby with muck smeared on your face, sticks and leaves poking out of your hair, a belly full of mosquitos that you might have accidentally swallowed, and fingernails stuffed with dirt. However, there isn’t any other type of field that I would rather be in. As a wetland delineator, I can access environments that most people would steer clear of and, as a result, I get to see things that I wouldn’t get to see anywhere else. I get to improve my plant identification skills and expand my knowledge of how wetlands function as an ecosystem.”
Emily Bjorhus is a Project Manager that specializes in environmental regulatory compliance, ecological services and wildlife surveys. She leads federal, state and local environmental permitting processes, NEPA compliance and documentation, Endangered Species Act Section 7 consultations, and Clean Water Act Section 404(b)1 analyses. Mrs. Bjorhus is a certified Professional Wetland Scientist.
As an Environmental Scientist, Ivy Babson regularly conducts wetland delineations and monitoring, flora/fauna surveys, water quality sampling, fishery surveys, permitting, and regulatory compliance for a series of projects. She earned her Wetland Delineation Certification from Rutgers University. Ivy graduated from the University of Vermont in 2019 with a B.S. in Environmental Science with a concentration in Ecological Design, and minor in Geospatial Technologies.
It’s River’s Month in Pennsylvania! To celebrate, the nonprofit Schuylkill River Greenways, in partnership with Berks Nature, Bartram’s Garden, The Schuylkill Center for Environmental Education, Stroud Water Research Center, and Princeton Hydro launched a new interactive ArcGIS StoryMap web page that reveals local perceptions of the Schuylkill River and documents the ecological status of the main stem through a year-long water quality and trash monitoring project: bit.ly/schuylkillriver. The ultimate goal of this new publicly-available resource is to connect residents and communities with the Schuylkill River and to encourage engagement with this special resource.
“For decades we have heard misgivings from residents throughout the watershed about the water quality of the Schuylkill River, and unfortunately the terrible reputation that the river had from years of polluting continues to linger. But the truth is that today the river is actually quite healthy and clean,” said Tim Fenchel, Deputy Director of Schuylkill River Greenways. “In this project we set out to work with our partners and community members to finally set the record straight with solid data about the health of the river.”
“This project brought together the conservation community and community scientists to understand the water quality and social perceptions of the Schuylkill River,” said Michael Hartshorne, Director of Aquatics at Princeton Hydro. "The results showed that the river, while having challenges as many waterbodies do, is a vibrant corridor that offers many recreational and environmental opportunities for those that live in the region.”
To understand local perceptions of the Schuylkill River’s residents, we first conducted a community opinion survey. Over 300 community members from Berks, Chester, Montgomery, and Philadelphia Counties participated. Overall, we found that a majority of people do care about the river (56%) and bike or walk along it (60%). However, many are not confident whether the river is clean or safe to use for recreational activity, clean enough to swim in, or safe to eat fish from. When asked about the cause of river contamination, an overwhelming majority (85%) cited "Trash and Litter" as the problem. This insight was used to drive the priorities for water quality monitoring and inspired the launch of a new Community Science trash monitoring program.
To determine the ecological status of the river, we collected water quality data for one year. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and conductivity were continuously measured at four locations. Bacteria sampling for Enterococci coli (E. coli) was also conducted at each station over the course of the study.
“Protecting safe recreational access to rivers and streams is one of the most important contributions we as environmental stewards can make to local communities. This project has made great strides in supporting this cause on the Schuylkill River,” said David Bressler, Project Facilitator at Stroud Water Research Center.
To complement the water quality sampling, the team recruited “Community Scientists” to monitor and measure trash along the river by conducting 5-minute visual assessments. It aimed to document critical areas of trash accumulation or dumping points in order to guide management efforts to better deal with this pollution. Over 100 responses were logged by volunteers. Overall, the results were positive; between 73% and 90% of sites on the main stem of the Schuylkill River were rated as optimal. The participants deemed the study reach to be clean and safe for both human and aquatic life, however, there are certainly locations along the Schuylkill River that could be cleaned up.
The data collected tells the tale of a vibrant river corridor with numerous opportunities for kayaking, fishing, bird watching, hiking, and biking. The dry weather data showed water quality conditions to be ideal during the time periods most people would utilize the river. E. coli concentrations were low, and transparency is high as shown by turbidity levels. Still, the river is constrained within an environment that spans the more agriculturally rich upstream reaches down to urbanized Philadelphia. Agricultural erosion, stormwater, and suburban pollutants are a challenge upstream, while stormwater runoff, litter, and sewer overflows are a primary concern during rainfall events in the more urbanized portions of the river. During rainfall, we measured elevated E. coli, turbidity, and trash which causes poor water quality conditions. However, this should not deter those who love and enjoy the river from using it, understanding that the safest conditions are likely following periods of dry weather.
“Our coordinated monitoring effort has been a special opportunity to capture snapshots of the river from top to bottom at specific points in time. The data we collected drives home that the Schuylkill is by many measures a healthy river bouncing back from intense industrial pollution. Different issues affect different locations along its 135 miles, but we are all connected upstream and downstream!,” said Chloe Wang, River Programs Coordinator at Bartram's Garden. “In addition to our learnings about water quality, having water samples analyzed at both a professional lab and using DIY methods at our own sites helped us to understand the accuracy of the low-cost tools we can use in community science and education programs.”
Additionally, the project partners were able to put the collected data to action by submitting it to the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, one of the regulatory agencies responsible for implementing the Clean Water Act for the Schuylkill. “There is so much more to learn about the river, but I hope this work helps people make informed decisions about when to get out on the water, and draws attention to opportunities to continue improving river health,” expressed Wang.
The water quality and trash assessment sampling protocol and interactive ArcGIS Story Map was designed by Princeton Hydro, with input from all the project partners. Detailed results and data from the perception and options survey, water quality monitoring, and trash assessment monitoring can be found on the StoryMap.
“Land and water are intrinsically connected – you can’t have healthy landscapes without healthy watersheds. Supporting this relationship is core to Berks Nature’s mission and conservation work, and through our 74-year tenure as Berks County’s land trust, we’ve seen the Schuylkill River flow cleaner and cleaner,” said Michael Griffith, Education & Watershed Specialist at Berks Nature. “We were thrilled to participate in this project not only as an opportunity to deepen our understanding of this regionally significant waterway, but also to shift public perceptions of the Schuylkill River as a community asset.”
“As we had hoped, we found that the river is indeed in great shape and we are now trying to spread the good news that all kinds of recreation on the river are safe and encouraged – including kayaking, boating, and fishing,” said Fenchel. “We have an incredible recreational and environmental asset in this river and we want everyone to know about it.”
This project was truly a team effort, with collaboration and engagement from all project partners. It was funded by the William Penn Foundation who has long been a supporter of this and similar projects throughout the Schuylkill and Delaware River Watersheds.
ABOUT SCHUYLKILL RIVER GREENWAYS: The mission of the Schuylkill River Greenways National Heritage Area is to connect residents, visitors and communities to the Schuylkill River and the Schuylkill River Trail by serving as a catalyst for civic engagement and economic development in order to foster stewardship of the watershed and its heritage.
ABOUT BARTRAM'S GARDEN: Bartram’s Garden is a 45-acre National Historic Landmark, operated by the John Bartram Association in cooperation with Philadelphia Parks and Recreation. It is a destination and an outdoor classroom, living laboratory, and membership organization for ever-expanding audiences―over 95,000 each year and counting.
ABOUT STROUD WATER RESEARCH CENTER: Stroud Water Research Center seeks to advance knowledge and stewardship of freshwater systems through global research, education, and watershed restoration. Since 1967, Stroud Water Research Center has been leading the effort to produce innovative solutions for preserving and restoring fresh water. The organization believes in an independent voice — and in adventure, inspiration, perseverance, and integrity.
ABOUT BERKS NATURE: As a nonprofit conservation organization, Berks Nature has been serving the Berks County community since 1974. Land preservation, water protection, trail management, community gardens, education programs, State of the Environment, Eco-Camp and valued partnerships are at the center of Berks Nature’s work every day.
ABOUT SCHUYLKILL CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION: Founded in 1965, the Schuylkill Center is one of the first urban environmental education centers in the country, with 340 acres of fields, forests, ponds, and streams in northwest Philadelphia. They work through four core program areas: environmental education, environmental art, land stewardship, and wildlife rehabilitation.
ABOUT PRINCETON HYDRO: Princeton Hydro is committed to improving our ecosystems, quality of life, and communities for the better. The firm was formed in 1998 with the specific mission of providing integrated ecological and engineering consulting services. Offering expertise in natural resource management, water resources engineering, geotechnical design & investigation, and regulatory compliance, their staff provide a full suite of environmental services throughout the Northeast for the public and private sectors.
Princeton Hydro is dedicated to protecting our natural resources and changing our ecosystems, quality of life and communities for the better. Our team members are passionate about continuing to learn new technologies, staying ahead of regulatory changes, and expanding their knowledge.
Today, we are proud to put the spotlight on seven team members who recently achieved new professional certifications.
We are thrilled to announce that six team members earned their Professional Engineer (PE) license in four states:
The PE license is the engineering profession’s highest standard of competence, a significant symbol of achievement and assurance of quality. To become licensed, engineers must complete a four-year college degree, work under a Professional Engineer for at least four years, pass two intensive competency exams, and earn a license from their state's licensure board. Then, to retain their licenses, PEs must continually maintain and improve their skills throughout their careers.
Andrew Simko, who works in our Bowie, Maryland office, has extensive experience in floodplain and stormwater management, and is proficient in hydrologic and hydraulics computer modeling and GIS. Before arriving to Princeton Hydro, Andrew worked as a water resources engineer developing FEMA flood insurance rate maps and helping to design stormwater management projects.
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Jake Dittes is passionate about restoring the habitat and natural functions of aquatic systems. As a Water Resources Engineer, Jake works on hydrologic and hydraulic modeling, project design, drafting and construction management on ecological restoration projects. He is based in our New England field office.
Jake Schwartz is a Staff Engineer with a B.S. in Civil Engineering with experience in stormwater design, site layout, construction inspection, environmental regulation, as well as water chemistry and hydraulic principles. Jake uses his knowledge and experience to design sustainable site plans for a variety of projects.
Water Resource Engineer Robert Costello uses his knowledge and experience to provide the best possible outcomes for our clients in every one of his projects. Robert received his degree from the University of Delaware, with a major in Environmental Engineering and a Minor in Civil Engineering. Robert has experience in subsurface geotechnical investigations, hydrologic and hydraulic modeling of water conveyance systems, stormwater BMP design, as well as the complete design, modeling, and supervision of Green Infrastructure Systems.
Ryan Wasik is a Water Resource Engineer with a B.S. in Civil Engineering and a minor in Environmental Engineering from Widener University in in Chester, PA. He has professional experience in roadway design, ADA ramp design, site grading and layout, utility design, erosion and sediment control measures, and stormwater design/inspections.
Staff Engineer Stephen Duda is a civil engineer with expertise in grading and stormwater design, drafting, permitting, soil testing and construction inspection. Prior to Princeton Hydro, he worked for a small land development firm in South Jersey, where he worked on multiple aspects of land development projects, construction management and municipal engineering. He holds an Associate degree in General Engineering and Engineering Technologies/CAD, as well as a B.S. in Civil Engineering from Rowan University.
Jake Dittes also earned the New Jersey Watershed Institute Green Infrastructure (WIGI) certification. WIGI is an adapted version of the Level 1 training to landscape professionals in New Jersey who design, install, and maintain stormwater best management practices (BMPs) and conservation landscapes.
The achievement of the WIGI certification demonstrates an advanced level of professionalism and knowledge of sustainable landscaping practices for healthier watersheds. Certification is voluntary and candidates must pass a comprehensive exam that assesses an individual’s command of sustainable practices in the design, installation, and maintenance of landscapes. WIGI-certified professionals have in-depth knowledge of sustainable landscape best practices and a focus on maintenance of stormwater best management practices.
Jake recently led a webinar for The Watershed Institute about stream bank stabilization and restoration. Check it out here:
Christiana Pollack, GISP, CFM, Senior Project Manager, Ecologist and Certified Floodplain Manager, is now a Certified Ecological Restoration Practitioner (CERP) through the Society for Ecological Restoration (SER).
SER’s CERP program encourages a high professional standard for those who are designing, implementing, overseeing, and monitoring restoration projects. Only senior level practitioners who have achieved the knowledge requirements and have greater than five years of full-time experience with restoration can be certified.
Christiana has 15+ years of expertise in hydrologic modeling and ecological restoration, with a focus on freshwater and tidal habitats, living shorelines using natural and nature-based features, spatial analysis, and environmental mapping. She performs flood mitigation and wetland hydrology modeling in riverine systems, and, as a project manager, she oversees numerous ecological restoration design and geospatial projects, including vulnerability assessments and hazard mitigation planning mapping. Additionally, Christiana manages several wetland restoration projects that provide ecosystem services to mitigate flood risks, improve water quality, and strengthen storm resiliency.
CERP is designed to ensure that certified practitioners are up to date on the new and important developments in the field of ecological restoration – both from the scientific and the practical perspectives. The certification is valid for 5 years after approval, and recertification requires that CERPs earn a minimum of 50 continuing education credits within the five-year period since they were last certified.
As of October 1, the Maryland State Programmatic General Permit (MDSPGP), which is used to authorize all types of work in all waters, including wetlands, has been reissued. In this blog, Princeton Hydro’s Senior Environmental Scientist Duncan Simpson, PWS, provides a breakdown of the newly revised terms and conditions of the permit.
The MDSPGP was developed with the Maryland Department of Environment (MDE), which has regulatory authority over all waters throughout the state of Maryland. The MDSPGP helps to ensure a streamlined authorization process for certain work in waterbodies and waterways, and is designed to improve the regulatory process for applicants, reduce unnecessary duplicative project evaluations, and promote more effective and efficient use of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) resources while providing equivalent environmental protection for aquatic resources.
Projects approved under the MDSPGP-5 permit that commenced prior to September 30, 2021 have been given 12 months to complete the work under the terms and conditions of the old permit. Projects that started after September 30, 2021 must meet the terms and conditions of MDSPGP-6 and in some cases receive written re-authorization.
The revised permit allows for activities that have minimal adverse environmental effects, and like MDSPGP-5, splits the review of activities into two categories: Category A and Category B. If proposed activities meet the provided Category A conditions and requirements, no USACE review is required.
The most significant change is the eligibility for Category B activities. The eligibility is no longer determined based on total temporary and permanent impacts. Instead, the primary threshold measurement for determining whether a project qualifies for authorization under the MDSPGP-6 is the total acreage of “loss of Waters of the United States.” The loss threshold is generally one-half-acre of total tidal and non-tidal waters, including streams, wetlands, and open waters. And, the loss of streams may not exceed 1,000 linear feet.
Another important revision changes how the USACE assesses permanent wetlands conversion. Under the MDSPGP-5, the permanent conversion of wetland type (e.g., forested to emergent) is considered a temporary impact and counted towards the Category B thresholds. Under MDSPGP-6, however, the conversion is considered a temporary impact but DOES NOT count towards the Category B thresholds, though the USACE may require compensatory mitigation for the loss of function.
Additionally, under the MDSPGP-6, the USACE now allows dredged material to be placed in a beneficial reuse site, under activity A(10) New Minor Dredging in Tidal Waters Category B. The material must be tested and shown to be clean in compliance with Evaluation of Dredged Material Proposed for Discharge in Waters of the United States-Testing Manual: Inland Testing Manual. The applicant must identify the intent to place the dredged material in Water of the U.S. at the proposed placement site and provide exact quantities of those dredged materials. And, the discharge of dredged or fill material must be authorized under activity f(2) Living Shorelines/Beach Nourishment Category B.
Activity f(2) has been renamed from "Tidal Marsh Creation/Beach Nourishment” to “Living Shorelines/Beach Nourishment.” Under f(2) Living Shorelines/Beach Nourishment, the Category A review now allows for vegetated wetlands impacts up to one-square-foot per linear foot of activity along the shoreline. The Category B review of this activity allows for impact to Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (SAV) but the applicant must show that the impacts were minimized to the maximum extent practicable.
Category B also now allows up to one-half-acre of tidal wetland loss, but does not allow for any overall net loss of wetlands. In other words, a living shoreline or beach nourishment project can permanently impact up to one-half-acre of tidal wetlands if an equal amount of non-tidal wetlands are created by the activity.
Perhaps the most interesting change is that a new activity has been added to the MDSPGP-6, e(11), Aquatic Habitat Restoration, Enhancement, and Establishment Activities Associated with Compensatory Mitigation Requirements for Aquatic Resource Impacts Authorized under the MDSPGP-6.
This new activity allows for mitigation projects to be authorized under a more streamlined process than the Nationwide Permit 27. The projects must still meet the State of Maryland and federal compensatory mitigation requirements. Category A allows activities required to meet the compensatory mitigation requirements to offset permanent impacts from an approved Category A activity. The Category B similarly allows compensatory mitigation activities for offsetting the losses from an approved Category B project.
The MDSPGP-6 also has new general conditions, and a few are worthy of discussion: Temporary fill, structures, and mats used for site access lasting longer than 12 months now require Category B review. Any proposed work in Critical Habitats (i.e., sections of the Potomac River, Nanticoke River, and Marshyhope Creek) or National Estuarine Research Reserves require Category B review.
The permit update also includes new conditions that support aquatic organism passage. Pipes and culverts must now be countersunk below the natural stream invert, while still allowing for ordinary high water to pass through them, which . In cases of bedrock or pipes being placed over existing underground utilities that would prevent countersinking, documentation is required. Also, extensions to existing pipes and culverts are exempt from this requirement. Finally, if countersinking is not practicable, then Category B review is required.
Speaking of fish passage, the conditions for anadromous fish time of year restrictions are now consolidated into a single general condition. To protect migratory pathways and spawning activities, for any project that is located within tidal and non-tidal coastal plain streams or piedmont streams in Harford and Cecil Counties, in-stream work is not allowed to be conducted between February 15 and June 15.
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If you have a project authorized under MDSPGP-5 that needs reauthorization, or if you have questions about the MDSPGP-6, how your projects might be affected by it, or other Maryland permitting questions, please contact us. If you’re interested in learning more about the wide variety of engineering and environmental services Princeton Hydro offers, go here: princetonhydro.com/services.
For over a decade, Duncan has served as an Environmental Scientist/Planner in the Mid-Atlantic Region. His experience includes a wide range of natural resource studies, documentation, and permitting at both the project and program level. He has special expertise in wetlands; Waters of the US delineations; and permitting for stormwater management facilities, stream restoration, and TMDL program projects. Duncan is a certified Professional Wetland Scientist, a member of the Society of Wetland Scientists, and earned his Maryland Biological Stream Survey (MBSS) Fish Crew Leader certification. He is the only person to have earned this prestigious certification in 2020. He also successfully completed the MBSS Physical Habitat Assessment.
Volunteers recently came together in Asbury Park, New Jersey to install floating wetland islands (FWIs) in Wesley Lake and Sunset Lake. The initiative, led by the Deal Lake Commission and Princeton Hydro, brought together dozens of volunteers to install a total of 12 FWIs, six in each lake.
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Photos by Donald Brockel
FWIs are a low-cost, effective green infrastructure solution used to mitigate phosphorus and nitrogen stormwater pollution. FWIs are designed to mimic natural wetlands in a sustainable, efficient, and powerful way. They improve water quality by assimilating and removing excess nutrients that could fuel harmful algae blooms; provide valuable ecological habitat for a variety of beneficial species; help mitigate wave and wind erosion impacts; provide an aesthetic element; and add significant biodiversity enhancement within open freshwater environments.
Volunteers install plants in one of the six floating wetland islands launched in Wesley Lake:
The Deal Lake Commission acquired the 12 FWIs through a Clean Water Act Section 319(h) grant awarded by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. During the volunteer event, participants helped plant vegetation in each of the FWIs, and launch and secure each island into the lakes.
We collected so many great photos during the event. Here are some highlights:
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NBC New York’s Brian Thompson stopped by to lend a hand and captured footage of the floating wetland island launch. Click here to watch!
To learn more about Floating Wetland Islands, check out the recent Native Plants, Healthy Planet Podcast, which featured Dr. Jack Szczepanski, CBLP, Princeton Hydro Senior Aquatic Ecologist.
Here at Princeton Hydro, our team members are committed to learning new technologies, staying ahead of regulatory changes, expanding their knowledge, and earning professional certifications in order to better service our clients and the public.
Today, we are proud to put the spotlight on three team members who recently achieved new professional certifications from the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (MDNR).
Environmental Scientist Duncan Simpson, PWS, earned his Maryland Biological Stream Survey (MBSS) Fish Crew Leader certification. He is the only person to have earned this prestigious certification in 2020. He also successfully completed the MBSS Physical Habitat Assessment.
Staff Scientists Ivy Babson and Jesse Smith passed the written MBSS Benthic Macroinvertebrate Sampling Certification test, and successfully completed the related field audit.
The MBSS program was started by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources in 1993 in order to improve consistency among all individuals in Maryland using MBSS habitat assessment protocols so that habitat data are comparable. The MBSS was Maryland's first probability-based or random design stream sampling program intended to provide unbiased estimates of stream conditions with known precision at various spatial scales ranging from large 6-digit river basins and medium-sized 8-digit watersheds to the entire state. This program is a cost-effective and efficient way to characterize Maryland's 10,000+ miles of freshwater streams.
Duncan attended the Fish Crew Leader and Physical Habitat Assessment certification trainings, which were held virtually due to COVID-19. Following the trainings, he successfully passed the required written exams and field audits.
For the habitat assessment field audit, Duncan had to complete an assessment and arrive at the same conclusions as the MBSS experts. He assessed a stream reach for several instream and upland habitat characteristics including audits of bank erosion; bank formation and substrate; stream character; woody debris; max depth; channelization; and riparian vegetation.
The fish crew leader audit required Duncan to lead a team of individuals on a mock fish sampling event during which he was responsible for overseeing that the crew using the MBSS Round Four Sampling Protocol. In order to pass the audit, Duncan had to illustrate his intimate familiarity with every aspect of MBSS sampling and have at least three years of experience with MBSS sampling or with another comparable ecological field sampling effort.
“I first learned about the MBSS certification in 2010 and have been hoping to take the training and earn the certification ever since. I truly admire and respect the scientific rigor of MBSS, so to be recognized with this prestigious certification is a great milestone in my career and something that I’m very proud of.” - Duncan Simpson
For Staff Scientists Ivy and Jesse, the MBSS Benthic Macroinvertebrate field audit required that they collect kicks/jabs in twenty locations within the stream reach, located within the Elbow Branch in Susquehanna State Park. These twenty kicks/jabs were divided up into different microhabitat types depending on which were most dominant in the reach. The MBSS auditor simultaneously collected the same number of each microhabitat type.
The twenty kicks performed by each sampler were compiled into one sample that was preserved and sent to the Maryland State Labs for analysis. In order to pass the audit, Jesse and Ivy’s Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity (a metric based on the diversity and tolerance of the organisms collected) had to be within one unit of the auditor's. Additionally, their successful audit hinged on having the correct supplies and on decontaminating their gear to prevent the spread of invasive species.
"The training experience with MBSS allowed me to gain a deep appreciation of the role that benthic macroinvertebrates hold in our freshwater ecosystems. I’ve been able to develop a unique skillset to help my, and ultimately others’, understanding of benthic macroinvertebrate species richness and what they indicate in terms of water quality that contribute to the health of these special ecosystems." -Ivy Babson
"I've had an interest in aquatic macroinvertebrates since college, and this training experience with the MBSS helped me further appreciate the process that goes into studying them and the ecosystems in which they live. This certification will allow me further opportunities to work with these organisms in the future, and I look forward to more work in this area." - Jesse Smith
In total, the Maryland Department of Natural Resources offers five certification opportunities in MBSS protocols. The certifications include benthic macroinvertebrate sampling, benthic macroinvertebrate laboratory processing and subsampling, fish crew leader, fish taxonomy, and physical habitat assessment. In some cases, prerequisite certifications and trainings are required in order to apply and complete the DNR’s MBSS certifications. For example, in order to achieve the benthic macroinvertebrate taxonomy program, a previous Society for Freshwater Science certification is required.
Attendance at MBSS spring and summer trainings is a partial requirement for most of the certifications. Participants must pass written tests and field audits, as well as additional tests and quality assurance procedures. Passing a laboratory audit and a written test is also required for the benthic macroinvertebrate laboratory processing and subsampling certification.
Congratulations to Duncan, Ivy, & Jesse!
Click here for more information about the MBSS certification program. If you’re interested in learning more about the wide variety of engineering and environmental services Princeton Hydro offers, go here: princetonhydro.com/services.
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