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Located on a tributary of Pohatcong Creek in Washington Township, Warren County, the earthen dam was constructed circa the 1930s and was reconstructed in the 1990s involving spillway repairs. Upon the completion of Princeton Hydro’s careful evaluation of alternative assessments contained in the inspection report, the Warren Hill School District made the decision to seek dam removal. The unsatisfactory condition rating contained in the inspection report, as well as the need for WHRSD to us an adjacent structure for academic activities in Fall 2020, contributed to the decision. Princeton Hydro was then contracted to facilitate the dam decommissioning and throughout the project development, performed the site survey for the identification of hazardous materials; wetland delineation; site investigation; and sediment sampling, analysis, and probing. Princeton Hydro preformed a stream assessment of the channels upstream of the impoundment, and the downstream mill race. Sediment probes were completed throughout the impoundment to determine the depth of unconsolidated material (sediment) and provide a general understanding of the substrate encountered at refusal depth. The proposed channel within the impoundment reflected existing upstream reaches, the anticipated natural channel type, and the assumed pre-dam channel: a boulder dominated cascade, approximately 12 feet wide, up to two-foot max depth, and 10% slope, with occasional/irregular boulder steps. As part of the engineering design, Princeton Hydro also conducted planning, permitting, and construction management and oversight. The completed design involved sediment excavation and onsite storage, as well as stable channel creation. Through an accelerated schedule Princeton Hydro worked to complete the permitting and dam removal before the start of the 2019 school year. [post_title] => Warren Hills Dam Decommissioning [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => closed [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => warren-hills-dam-decommissioning [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2026-04-07 18:08:34 [post_modified_gmt] => 2026-04-07 18:08:34 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?post_type=project&p=19549 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => project [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [1] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 18593 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2025-10-11 13:50:05 [post_date_gmt] => 2025-10-11 13:50:05 [post_content] => Princeton Hydro has partnered with Wildlands Conservancy for over a decade on multiple dam removals in the Lehigh River Valley. Our firm designed and permitted the removal of eight consecutive barriers on Jordan Creek, including three consecutive low-head dams. We also designed and permitted two low-head dams on Little Lehigh Creek. Collectively, these dam removal projects reconnected miles of river, enhanced aquatic habitat, and improved adjacent parkland and recreational fishing in the economically-stressed, urban communities of Allentown, PA. Building upon the successes of the barrier removals on Jordan and Little Lehigh Creeks, Princeton Hydro partnered with the Wildlands Conservancy again in 2018 to remove a combination of four privately and publicly owned dams on Bushkill Creek in Easton, PA. The dam removal projects served as a model for landowners and municipalities regarding the need for future dam removals throughout the Delaware and Lehigh Valley Watersheds. Having been restored to its natural, free-flowing state in Fall 2024, the barrier removals were part a larger, watershed-wide effort to improve aquatic connectivity, fisheries, and benthic macro-invertebrate and wildlife habitats. The projects restored fish passage, reduced nonpoint source pollution, improved water quality, and restored capacity for groundwater recharge, as well as stabilized and restored the stream’s channels and banks. As part of the barrier removal projects, Princeton Hydro:
Princeton Hydro was contracted by the Warren Hills School Regional School District (WHRSD) to provide a completed dam inspection, dam breach scenario, hydrologic and hydraulic (H&S) modeling, inundation analysis, and hazard classification for the Warren Hills Dam. Located on a tributary of Pohatcong Creek in Washington Township, Warren County, the earthen dam was constructed circa the 1930s and was reconstructed in the 1990s involving spillway repairs.
Upon the completion of Princeton Hydro’s careful evaluation of alternative assessments contained in the inspection report, the Warren Hill School District made the decision to seek dam removal. The unsatisfactory condition rating contained in the inspection report, as well as the need for WHRSD to us an adjacent structure for academic activities in Fall 2020, contributed to the decision.
Princeton Hydro was then contracted to facilitate the dam decommissioning and throughout the project development, performed the site survey for the identification of hazardous materials; wetland delineation; site investigation; and sediment sampling, analysis, and probing. Princeton Hydro preformed a stream assessment of the channels upstream of the impoundment, and the downstream mill race. Sediment probes were completed throughout the impoundment to determine the depth of unconsolidated material (sediment) and provide a general understanding of the substrate encountered at refusal depth. The proposed channel within the impoundment reflected existing upstream reaches, the anticipated natural channel type, and the assumed pre-dam channel: a boulder dominated cascade, approximately 12 feet wide, up to two-foot max depth, and 10% slope, with occasional/irregular boulder steps. As part of the engineering design, Princeton Hydro also conducted planning, permitting, and construction management and oversight.
The completed design involved sediment excavation and onsite storage, as well as stable channel creation. Through an accelerated schedule Princeton Hydro worked to complete the permitting and dam removal before the start of the 2019 school year.
Princeton Hydro has partnered with Wildlands Conservancy for over a decade on multiple dam removals in the Lehigh River Valley. Our firm designed and permitted the removal of eight consecutive barriers on Jordan Creek, including three consecutive low-head dams. We also designed and permitted two low-head dams on Little Lehigh Creek. Collectively, these dam removal projects reconnected miles of river, enhanced aquatic habitat, and improved adjacent parkland and recreational fishing in the economically-stressed, urban communities of Allentown, PA.
Building upon the successes of the barrier removals on Jordan and Little Lehigh Creeks, Princeton Hydro partnered with the Wildlands Conservancy again in 2018 to remove a combination of four privately and publicly owned dams on Bushkill Creek in Easton, PA. The dam removal projects served as a model for landowners and municipalities regarding the need for future dam removals throughout the Delaware and Lehigh Valley Watersheds.
Having been restored to its natural, free-flowing state in Fall 2024, the barrier removals were part a larger, watershed-wide effort to improve aquatic connectivity, fisheries, and benthic macro-invertebrate and wildlife habitats. The projects restored fish passage, reduced nonpoint source pollution, improved water quality, and restored capacity for groundwater recharge, as well as stabilized and restored the stream’s channels and banks.
As part of the barrier removal projects, Princeton Hydro:
The Ousatonic Fish and Game Protective Association, Inc., in partnership with the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection’s Inland Fisheries Division, sought to remove the Papermill Pond Dam on the East Aspetuck River to restore fish habitat formerly exceptional in quality for trout, facilitate fish passage through the site, and improve accessibility and functionality for people to engage in outdoor activities at the site in order to foster deeper stewardship ethic for the watershed.
The Papermill Pond Dam, located in New Milford, is an embankment dam situated on the East Aspetuck River. It is located 2.9 miles upstream of the confluence with the Housatonic River and is the first barrier on the East Aspetuck River. The spillway is concrete capped with masonry core. It has an approximate structural height of 11 feet and length of 75 feet.
The following alternatives were analyzed: 1) no action; 2) fishway bypass channel around dam; 3) technical fishway at dam; 4) dam lowering with fishway at dam; 5) river bypass and off-line pond; and, 6) full removal. Conceptual designs were developed for each alternative. Each alternative was analyzed and rated numerically relative to twelve categories: river morphology, aquatic resources (fisheries, macroinvertebrates, water quality), recreation, historic resources, flooding, relative liability, relative short-term costs, relative long-term costs, availability of funds, and anticipated permitability. Dam removal ranked as the most feasible alternative, but dam repair stood out as the best option for maintaining the existing ease of recreational access. That alternative necessitated dam repair, ongoing maintenance and inspection, both short-term and long-term sediment dredging, and construction of a fish bypass channel. The Association considered the alternatives and decided to pursue full dam removal.
Based on negotiations with CTDEEP that considered impacts to downstream habitats and other applicable regulations, the resulting recommendation was to remove a portion of the impounded sediment prior to passive release of the remaining impounded sediment, regardless of potential contamination. This minimized transitory sediment deposition in downstream habitats, thereby reducing the short-term impacts of the project. Thus, sediment proximal to the dam is proposed to be excavated and permanently deposited in upland areas onsite.
The dam was successfully removed in 2019 under supervision of CTDEEP Fisheries Division and Princeton Hydro.
The Martin Dam was constructed on an active farm in 1961 as part of USDA’s sustainable farms pond construction initiative. Martin Dam’s robust 4,000 cubic yards of placed dam material resulted in the impoundment of only 3.5 acres of surface water. Several years ago, during the removal of a beaver dam that was obstructing the dam outlet, the riser structure was inadvertently destroyed, and a large part of the earthen dam collapsed. Due to the damage, the dam was put under an enforcement action from the Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE) Dam Safety Program. Site investigations showed an outlet culvert in total disrepair and severe erosion of the dam and downstream areas.
Fearing the risk to property and life from a catastrophic dam failure, GreenTrust Alliance, in partnership with Princeton Hydro, were enlisted to design, develop, and enact an emergency dam breach. The earthen dam was approximately 20 feet in height and 490 feet in length, with an impoundment of approximately 3.48 acres. The contributing drainage area was approximately 0.25 square miles (160 acres) of low density residential land use and the primary inflowing channel, Overshot Branch, was intermittent or ephemeral. The assessment and design involved probing within the impoundment, which revealed water depths averaging 4.7 feet, with a maximum of 7.5 feet, and impounded sediment depths averaging 1.0 foot, with a maximum of 3.0 feet.
Princeton Hydro prepared a 35% design plan for the earthen dam removal, and this plan was subsequently approved by MDE Dam Safety with an emergency permit, forgoing the typical months-long design and review process. The dam breach was implemented in late 2018.
After the dam breach, Princeton Hydro completed a hydrologic and hydraulic assessment. Pre- and post-breach conditions were modeled to determine the potential increase in flood elevations to downstream properties. In addition, a dam failure was also modeled to assess the potential risks should the dam have failed. In comparing the pre-and post-breach scenarios, 100-year flood elevations increased between 0.01 and 0.29 feet for approximately 1 mile downstream of the pond. The floodplain valley for this stream was relatively narrow which means any increases in discharge translated to larger increases on peak flood elevations compared to the total width of the floodplain. However, the narrow floodplain also acted a barrier, ensuring that flooding was mostly contained to the area around the stream itself. No additional structures were inundated as a result of the breach.
Princeton Hydro, along with GreenVest and Green Trust Alliance, developed a design that enhanced in-stream habitat of the downstream reach, and allowed for passive wetland conversion and restoration of the former impoundment.
Princeton Hydro was on the team to study the Bronx River Double Dam for New York City Parks (the dam owner). The project goal was to present an economically, environmentally, and socially sustainable long-term fish-passage solution for the Bronx River Double Dam.
The culmination of the project was a fish passage Alternatives Analysis for the dam site, where the cost and benefits of various long-term solutions for the project site were assessed, including dam removal and an engineered fishway. To inform the Alternatives Analysis, Princeton Hydro first studied the feasibility of the removal of the Bronx River Double Dam.
To inform the dam removal feasibility study and a conceptual dam removal design, Princeton Hydro supplemented data from a previous technical fishway design with data collected from additional field investigations. Princeton Hydro led the field collection effort, including sediment sampling, sediment probing, and a bathymetric survey to shed light on the impounded sediment concerns. Field investigations also included an investigation on the infrastructure, an updated topographic survey, and a seismic refraction survey to understand the potential for underlying bedrock to inform a conceptual design for dam removal.
Based on the data reviewed, Princeton Hydro concluded that dam removal is feasible and that its removal would 1) Restore the Bronx River to its historical flowpath, 2) Likely restore transparent fish passage at the site, and 3) Not impact infrastructure.
In comparing the dam removal alternative to the engineering fishway, the dam removal would provide a greater ecological benefit, while also reducing long term liabilities related to dam failure and costs associated with dam maintenance and inspection. Despite uncertainty associated with the dam removal alternative at this stage in the concept design, it is expected the upfront construction cost of the dam removal would be higher than the engineering fishway alternative.
The feasibility study and alternatives analysis set the stage for the US Army Corps of Engineers to further study fish passage at the Bronx River Double Dam.
Connecticut Fund for the Environment (FE) and Save the Sound (STS), in partnership with USFWS and CTDEEP Inland Fisheries Division, secured federal funding to remove the Hyde Pond Dam, restoring Whitford Brook, the primary in-flowing stream to the Mystic River estuary, to a natural free-flowing condition. This created unobstructed fish passage from Mystic River up through the project site, and removed a threat to public safety. The existing dam was an earthen embankment with a concrete capped masonry spillway 4.8 feet high that created a 12-acre impoundment. A fishway installed at the dam by CT DEEP to support a regionally-important river herring run and sea-run brook trout fishery was known to be ineffective due to its outlet location, beaver interference, and frequent low flows due to leakage through the dam. The dam removal restored fish passage to 4.1 miles of stream and provide access for alewife, blueback herring, American eel, American shad, and sea-run brook trout.
Princeton Hydro confirmed through impoundment probing and bathymetric survey that the impoundment contained significant quantities of impounded sediments that had become densely vegetated as scrub-shrub vegetation. Sediment management and wetland impacts became driving factors in the project design and regulatory process. Princeton Hydro coordinated with CT DEEP Planning and Standards Division to develop and approve a sediment sampling plan that included multiple samples throughout the site as well as downstream and upstream.
Results indicated some elevated contaminant levels in some areas. Princeton Hydro developed a sediment management plan and construction sequence, informed by the sediment analysis that balanced active sediment management and passive river restoration. The design entailed excavation of a portion of the sediment prone to mobilization that was then replaced, stabilized, and vegetated on-site.
Princeton Hydro coordinated closely with CFE/STS to negotiate with US Army Corps of Engineers and CT DEEP regulatory divisions to minimize impacts to wetland resources as much as practicable, protect downstream water quality, restore river and riparian functions to the site, and stay within grant cost limits. RiverLogic Solutions provided construction services, and Princeton Hydro provided construction supervision to remove the dam within budget and on schedule in 2015. Since removal, the site has undergone a gradual transition in vegetation but remains a vibrant stream-floodplain wetland complex.
The Collins Company Lower Dam, constructed in 1910 as a hydroelectric dam, is located on the Farmington River, approximately 1 mile downstream (south) of the Collinsville Dam and State Route 179, in Avon, Connecticut, south of the Collinsville Town border and across the Farmington River from the Town of Burlington. In 2011, a pre-feasibility study was completed on the Collinsville Dam and the Collins Company Lower Dam to determine whether these defunct hydroelectric dams could be repowered. The study found that repowering only one of the dams was economically feasible.
In 2019, Canton Hydro, LLC began the retrofit of the Collinsville Dam for hydroelectric generation in conjunction with the construction of a fishway in order to allow passage of anadromous fish (i.e., American Shad, Alewife, Blueback Herring, and Sea Lamprey) to the upstream reaches of the Farmington River. Removal of the Collins Company Lower Dam will allow passage to the base of the newly retrofitted Collinsville Dam.
The goals of this project are to eliminate a barrier to migratory fish; eliminate an obsolete dam; remove a public safety risk; re-create a free flowing, ecologically productive, and natural river channel; and create stable and safe public access. Also as noted above, this dam removal is imperative to enable fish passage at the fishway under construction at the Collinsville Dam, approximately one mile upstream.
As part of the dam removal design process, Princeton Hydro developed a Sediment Management Plan, which involved assessing impounded sediment quality and quantity by conducting bathymetric mapping to sense elevation of top and bottom of unconsolidated sediment, and sampling and analyzing sediment for a broad range of contaminants. In addition to using the information gathered through the assessment, a professional survey and geomorphic concepts were used to determine the volume of impounded sediment and the anticipated river profile following dam removal.
Princeton Hydro completed the bathymetric surveys, hydrologic and hydraulic analysis, geotechnical engineering, construction phasing determination, demolition and blasting plans, preparation of 30%, 60%, 90% and 100% designs, and regulatory review applications.
Princeton Hydro is currently working through the engineering designs and permit applications.
The Hackettstown Reservoir Dam is a Class I – High Hazard Dam located on the Mine Brook, a tributary to the Musconetcong River. Princeton Hydro has been working on this dam since 2006, when it was owned by the Hackettstown Municipal Utilities Authority. This 42-foot high dam, that impounded an 8-acre lake is a cast-in-place concrete gravity dam constructed in the early 1930s to supply potable water to the residents of the Town of Hackettstown. It was constructed as an initiative of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). The dam and property within which the impoundment is located, was purchased by Ironbound Mt. Olive Holdings, LLC about 8 years ago, who is the current owner.
Princeton Hydro completed a stability analysis, a dam breach and spillway design storm analysis, and inundation mapping, and have been performing inspections on a bi-annual basis, when requested. As a result of the hydrologic and hydraulic analysis, the dam was reclassified from a Class III, Low Hazard to a Class I, High Hazard Dam. As the dam does not meet the Dam Safety standards for overturning (stability) and it cannot safety pass the spillway design storm, NJDEP Dam Safety order the dam to be upgraded or decommissioned.
In 2022, an application for an interim lowering was prepared and submitted to NJDEP Dam Safety. As part of the application, Princeton Hydro completed calculations to assess if the impoundment was completely emptied and the valves remained fully open would it still create a potential hazard in the event of a storm event. While it was concluded that during the SDS the dam may still overtop, the duration of overtopping was significantly reduced, and the impoundment would empty again in a matter of a few days. Dam Safety agreed with this approach, and Princeton Hydro designed the lowering and monitoring plans, oversaw the installation of backup valves in the event the original valves failed to close, if found necessary, and provided updates to Dam Safety on the project.
The dam currently remains completely dewatered while plans are prepared for its ultimate decommissioning, expected to be completed in 2024.
The Clementon Lake Dam sits at the confluence of the Big Timber Creek and Trout Run. Clementon Lake, the associated impoundment, has historically been a recreational lake and today serves as a water source and main attraction for Clementon Park & Splashworld.
Previously, Clementon Amusement Park had investigated the possibility of replacing the dam’s spillway and had preliminary designs developed. These designs were submitted to the State but the owners found that the upgrade would be prohibitively expensive. Clementon Amusement Park then selected Princeton Hydro to develop a more cost-effective design for the spillway redesign and reconstruction.
Based on detailed calculations and hydraulic and structural design, Princeton Hydro engineers recommended redesigning the cross-section of the dam using a reinforced concrete “T-type” cantilever wall, as opposed to the previously recommended semi-circular spillway design. Princeton Hydro’s design also eliminated the need for costly 24-ton timber piles. To protect the downstream stability at the base of the dam, Princeton Hydro also designed a stilling basin. By proposing this unique design, Princeton Hydro was able to significantly reduce the material and construction costs while maintaining the safety of the dam.
Princeton Hydro field engineers provided construction inspection services, field sampling, reinforcing bar inspection, and soil and concrete testing services throughout the construction process.
Princeton Hydro was contracted by the Musconetcong Watershed Association to investigate, design, permit and oversee the decommissioning of the Hughesvill Dam, along with the associated river restoration within the Musconetcong River. This was the fifth dam on the Musconetcong River designed for removal by Princeton Hydro.
The Hughesville Dam was constructed circa 1880 and was a timber crib and rock fill dam. The dam was 12 feet in total height from the top of the spillway to the bottom of the downstream apron with abutments about 20 feet in height. As part of the dam removal, Princeton Hydro completed a feasibility study in 2012 and initiated designs in 2014 to decommission the spillway and restore the impoundment. To assess potential sediment impacts, vibracoring was conducted and sediment analysis and quantification of the volume of impounded material was completed. Princeton Hydro worked with the NJDEP to assess the quality of sediment and determine its ultimate disposal.
As part of the design, the 21,000 cubic yards was proposed to be hydraulically dredged to adjacent existing on-site lagoons at this now defunct paper mill plant. The pre-existing and proposed hydraulics were assessed to understand impacts to an upstream bridge and downstream flood water surfaces following removal. Geomorphic assessments and utilization of nature-based restoration techniques were utilized to design a new river channel within the former impoundment.
Following the completion of design, applications were prepared for submission to NJDEP’s Land Use Regulation Program and Dam Safety Section, as well as the Hunterdon County Soil Conservation District (Warren County ceded jurisdiction to Hunterdon County). Princeton Hydro also applied for right-of-way permits to reinforce the foundation of an upstream county bridge as well as construct project access from a county road. Following the receipt of permits, Princeton Hydro assisted in the procurement of a contractor and provided construction administration services.
The project was completed in December 2016 and in the Spring of 2017, schools of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) were observed above the dam, after 200+ years of absence.
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