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Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) received a grant for this project from the National Fish and Wildlife Federation. Grantees were charged with providing increased resilience to natural infrastructure that will in turn increase the resiliency of coastal communities in the face of future storms like Hurricane Sandy. Due to the need to maintain navigation channels and assist in the adaptation of tidal marshes to sea level rise and subsidence, the project was completed to investigate and assess the use of dredged material disposal placement, and the effectiveness of this method in maintaining marshes at an elevation that supports native marsh vegetation to reinforce the subsoils and protect the local community. One of the metrics analyzed was the impact, if any, of the placement of dredged material on the community composition, abundance, and distribution of avian species within the two dredged material placement sites, one proximal to the Atlantic Ocean in Avalon, New Jersey and the other proximal to Delaware Bay Fortescue, New Jersey. [gallery link="none" size="large" columns="2" ids="18032,18028"] Princeton Hydro, in conjunction with the Fish and Wildlife Service, Wetlands Institute, and The Nature Conservancy, developed a monitoring plan that utilized the BACI (before, after, control, impact) study design and the protocols from the “Standardized North American Marsh Bird Monitoring Protocols” developed by Courtney Conway in 2012 for both the Fortescue and Avalon sites. Surveys were implemented over a period of four years, 2014-2017, occurring during the spring, summer, and fall periods to capture the avian community composition changes both seasonally and year over year at both sites with seven survey areas at Fortescue and nine at Avalon. Post thin layer placement surveys indicated that (1) avian species richness increased at Avalon, but was negligible at Fortescue; (2) species guild assemblage experienced a shift, with an increase in shorebirds coinciding with a decrease in waders and passerines at Avalon, while there was an increase in gulls and waders and a decrease in passerines at Fortescue; (3) loafing by shorebirds and gulls increased at Avalon, while Fortescue had negligible changes in loafing. Over time, loafing activities at both sites decreased with an increase in foraging observed and the communities of both sites shifted from gull/shorebird dominated to passerine/wader dominated as the marsh vegetation developed. [post_title] => Avian Monitoring of Coastal Salt Marshes [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => closed [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => avian-monitoring-of-coastal-salt-marshes [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2025-08-05 16:03:34 [post_modified_gmt] => 2025-08-05 16:03:34 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?post_type=project&p=18033 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => project [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [1] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 17622 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2025-06-03 11:47:38 [post_date_gmt] => 2025-06-03 11:47:38 [post_content] => Princeton Hydro was part of a two-firm team tasked with the completion of Phase II detail scour analyses for the New Jersey Turnpike Authority (NJTA), a major state-wide transportation authority. Princeton Hydro was specifically tasked with the completion of scour analyses for 13 individual major highway bridges. These bridges were distributed throughout the state and included structures in both the coastal plain and piedmont physiographic provinces. The road crossings at the focus of the study range from single lane exit ramps to five-lane single direction major highways. The average daily traffic load of combined 13 road crossings which were studied is 1.3 million vehicles per day. The detailed Phase II studies were conducted on structures which were previously identified during separate Phase I scour investigations and Biennial Bridge Inspection Reports. Inspections and investigations ultimately either confirmed the existing Federal Highway Authority Structure Inventory and Appraisal of the Nation’s Bridges (SI&A) codes including Items 61 (Channel and Channel Protection), Item 71 (Waterway Adequacy) and Item 113 (Scour Critical Bridges). Princeton Hydro provided a wide range of services as it related to the scour assessments. These services included field inspection service planning and logistics as well and watercraft access to bridge structures. In-field engineering inspections of bridge structures with a focus on scour were also completed for the 13 structures. These inspections included the collection of photographs of the bridge and surrounding channel conditions as well as the collection of representative soil samples. The soil samples were then delivered to our in-house soil laboratory, which is accredited under the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Accreditation Program (AAP), for analysis with the results of the soil analyses being applied in the scour analysis hydraulic calculations. Our engineering services included a detailed review of previous documentation for each bridge including original as-built drawing, previous inspection reports, and other National Bridge Inspection Standards (NBIS) reporting. The Phase II detailed scour analysis also included a hydrologic analysis for each road crossing with consequent hydraulic modeling of the bridge structure and stream channel being performed in HEC-RAS. Results from HEC-RAS were then used to conduct additional scour analysis in the Federal Highway Administration Hydraulic Toolbox. [post_title] => New Jersey Turnpike Authority Phase II Detail Scour Analysis [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => closed [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => new-jersey-turnpike-authority-phase-ii-detail-scour-analysis [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2025-06-03 11:47:38 [post_modified_gmt] => 2025-06-03 11:47:38 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?post_type=project&p=17622 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => project [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [2] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 17402 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2025-04-01 20:17:08 [post_date_gmt] => 2025-04-01 20:17:08 [post_content] => In 2012, Hurricane Sandy left numerous NJ communities with storm damage to homes and infrastructure including Naval Weapons Station (NWS) Earle, which incurred approximately $50M in installation damages that not only impacted mission readiness, but also impacted neighboring communities, where the majority of the installations’ military and civilian employee population resides. It is expected that NWS Earle and its surrounding communities may experience increased frequent flooding from tidal waters and storm surge, adversely affecting ecosystems and presenting challenges to installation resilience and readiness. In response to these past occurrences and the threat of future related coastal hazards, Monmouth County, in cooperation with NWS Earle and the 13 municipalities that surround it, published a Joint Land Use Study in 2017, which defined several goals related to adapting to sea level rise and improving resiliency from future storm events. In 2019, the cooperative published the Raritan/Sandy Hook Bay Coastal Resilience Planning Study (Bayshore Study) which identified potential coastal resilience projects within the region that could improve sustainability and resiliency from current and future coastal hazards and sea level rise. In 2021, Monmouth County commissioned Princeton Hydro to advance the goals of the Bayshore Study through the Bayshore Coastal Resilience Design Study. The goal of this study is to develop conceptual coastal resilience designs for two of the Bayshore Study projects located on coastal wetlands along Whale Creek in Aberdeen Township and Flat Creek in Union Beach Borough. We conducted site assessments that included desktop investigation, bio-benchmarks, and hydrologic monitoring; completed hydrodynamic modeling to assess the impacts of storms and sea level rise; and developed conceptual restoration designs for both sites. Restoration strategies included removal of invasive species, planting of native species, enhancement of hydrology, and fostering marsh migration. Conceptual designs were presented to a Technical Advisory Committee to solicit feedback for further project development. This project provided an opportunity to work closely with Monmouth County on an effort to address the threat of future coastal hazards through marsh restoration. The project resulted in the development of conceptual designs for restoration of the tidal marsh ecosystems at Whale Creek and Flat Creek as well as a detailed study report to support those designs. [post_title] => Monmouth County Bayshore Coastal Resilience Design Study [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => closed [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => monmouth-county-bayshore-coastal-resilience-design-study [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2025-04-01 20:18:16 [post_modified_gmt] => 2025-04-01 20:18:16 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?post_type=project&p=17402 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => project [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [3] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 16980 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2025-01-30 15:01:20 [post_date_gmt] => 2025-01-30 15:01:20 [post_content] => Liberty State Park is located on the west bank of Upper New York Bay and is one of the most visited state parks in the nation with over 5.1 million visitors in 2018. Princeton Hydro was contracted to design a resilient coastal ecosystem within 235 acres of this highly urbanized setting that provides both ecological and social benefits. This includes the restoration of over 80 acres of tidal and non-tidal wetlands and creation of several thousands of feet of intertidal shoreline and shallow water habitat hydrologically connected to the Upper New York Bay. Historically, the site contained intertidal mudflats and shallow water habitat, which were filled and developed as a railroad yard. Once constructed, this project will expand public access, improve water quality, restore native plant communities, and improve coastal resiliency for urban communities that are vulnerable to storm events. The site design includes a trail network for the park interior that will provide access to the newly established habitat zones and views of the Statue of Liberty and New York City skyline. This trail network will enhance pedestrian connectivity between the existing portion of Liberty State Park, Liberty Science Center, Jersey City, and local public transit hubs. To inform the design development, our team conducted design charrettes with various stakeholders and a myriad of monitoring tasks focused on site characterization including a wetland delineation; bio-benchmarking surveys of the tidal marsh vegetation communities; topographic, bathymetric, and utility surveys; and geotechnical sampling such as SPT borings and test pits. Field data and observations were incorporated into various analyses to support the engineering design including a 2D Hydrologic and Hydraulic model and wave analysis, and a detailed Sea Level Rise Analysis to inform the design of various project elements to accommodate sea level rise projections through 2070. The tidal channel geometry, culvert width, and tidal marsh were designed to address increased flows and water surface elevations. Groundwater levels and flow direction were also characterized through the installation of monitoring wells and continuous measurements of the groundwater level using piezometers. To support the design process, the team developed interim construction cost estimates for various design milestones and coordinated and advanced the local, state, and federal permit process and applications. As part of NJDEP’s public outreach campaign, our team participated in an open house interacting directly with members of the public. We produced a 4-minute video simulating the expected visitor experience using detailed engineering design renderings. When completed, this will be one of the largest ecosystem habitat restoration projects in New Jersey. Click below to watch the video now: [embed]https://youtu.be/XbzQ08o7b5Y[/embed] [post_title] => Liberty State Park Ecosystem Restoration [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => closed [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => liberty-state-park-ecosystem-restoration [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2025-01-30 16:01:12 [post_modified_gmt] => 2025-01-30 16:01:12 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?post_type=project&p=16980 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => project [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [4] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 15996 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2024-12-02 15:28:32 [post_date_gmt] => 2024-12-02 15:28:32 [post_content] => The Spring Creek (North) Ecosystem Restoration Project is located in the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, New York. In the early 1900’s, the salt marsh community of Spring Creek was part of the extensive coastal wetland community of Jamaica Bay, known for the abundance and diversity of its shellfish as well as its ecological importance as a nursery and feeding ground for countless species of birds and fish. The intertidal salt marsh and uplands have since been degraded by historic placement of dredged spoils and municipal waste, the construction of a sanitary sewer trunk line, ditching of the marsh, and urbanization of the watershed. When completed, the project will restore approximately 43.2 acres of degraded habitat to 0.7 acres of low marsh, 12.9 acres of transitional and high marsh, 5.2 acres of scrub shrub wetland and 24.4 acres of maritime upland in an overall project footprint of 67 acres. Primary construction activities will include excavating and re-contouring uplands to intertidal elevations, thin layer placement of sand on the marsh platform to restore areas of degraded tidal wetland, removing invasive plant species, and replanting with native plant species. The overall project purpose is to improve the environmental quality (water, diversity, and wildlife habitat) of Spring Creek and its associated salt marshes as part of the overall Jamaica Bay Ecosystem. [gallery link="none" ids="15997,15998,16000"] Princeton Hydro was contracted by the US Army Corps of Engineers, New York District to lead the design and engineering. To inform the design development, a variety of site-specific data was collected including topographic, bathymetric, utility and tree surveys. Wetland delineation and vegetation characterization were performed, along with a bio-benchmark survey to establish marsh habitat boundaries; hydrodynamic data; and geotechnical borings. The data collected was analyzed and incorporated into the design, including a sea level change analysis; slope stability analysis; development of a hydrologic model and an unsteady 1-D hydraulic model; stormwater design; and wetland restoration design. A concept design was developed in coordination with the US Army Corps of Engineers and New York City Parks, and the design was advanced via the preparation of 30%, 60%, 90%, and 100% design plans and technical specifications. Additionally, the required local, state, and federal permits were obtained, and a detailed construction cost estimate was developed. [post_title] => Spring Creek North Ecosystem Restoration Project [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => closed [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => spring-creek-north-ecosystem-restoration-project [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2024-12-02 15:29:53 [post_modified_gmt] => 2024-12-02 15:29:53 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?post_type=project&p=15996 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => project [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [5] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 15954 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2024-11-08 19:07:55 [post_date_gmt] => 2024-11-08 19:07:55 [post_content] => The New Jersey Back Bay (NJBB) Coastal Storm Risk Management (CSRM) feasibility study is focused on the approximately 100 miles of interconnected tidal water bodies and coastal lakes located landward of the New Jersey Ocean coastline from the Manasquan Inlet to the Cape May Inlet. These areas were subject to recent flooding, storm surge, and damages as a result of Hurricane Sandy and other storm events. As part of this study, the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Philadelphia District developed a preliminary alignment for a storm surge barrier located in Great Egg Harbor Inlet in Atlantic and Cape May Counties. This preliminary barrier would serve as the representative design for all planned storm surge barriers as part of the project. Through an existing contract with USACE Philadelphia District, Princeton Hydro was tasked with performing a water-based subsurface exploration along the preliminary barrier alignment. This exploration consisted of nine (9) Cone Penetration Tests (CPTs) with continuous pore pressure measurements to a maximum depth of 150 ft below the mudline or until refusal was encountered. To perform the testing, Princeton Hydro required subcontracted services provided by Northstar Marine Services, Inc., ConeTec, and Boring Brothers, Inc. CPT soundings were performed from Northstar Marine Services’ 70 ft Lift Boat, the Vision. A rubber track mounted, low- clearance drill rig was provided by Boring Brothers, Inc. to socket casings into the mudline by way of the moon pool of the barge. Once casings were set, ConeTec utilized their Direct Push Overwater Ramset to continuously advance the CPT soundings to the termination depth. During the entire operation, Princeton Hydro provided continuous oversight as well as regular Health and Safety Inspections. The information collected during the investigation was provided to USACE for use in the design of the storm surge barrier. [gallery columns="2" link="none" size="medium" ids="15956,15955"] [post_title] => NJ Back Bays Coastal Storm Risk Management Feasibility Study & Subsurface Exploration [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => closed [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => nj-back-bays-coastal-storm-risk-management-feasibility-study-subsurface-exploration [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2024-11-08 19:08:12 [post_modified_gmt] => 2024-11-08 19:08:12 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?post_type=project&p=15954 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => project [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [6] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 15857 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2024-10-17 19:00:08 [post_date_gmt] => 2024-10-17 19:00:08 [post_content] => Princeton Hydro and BRS, Inc. were contracted by the Cities of Trenton and Salem to perform climate change-related hazard vulnerability assessments to inform municipal resilience action plans. The work was completed as part of the Resilient NJ Program, an assistance program run by the NJDEP Bureau of Climate Resilience Planning. The program supports local and regional climate resilience planning by bringing together planners, engineers, designers, and other experts to address flood- and climate-related hazards. The Cities of Trenton and Salem, like many across the region, already experience climate related hazards such as extreme heat and flooding which disrupts traffic patterns, impacts infrastructure, damages property, and puts lives at risk. These climate-related hazards are expected to worsen over the next century and beyond due to climate change. In order to prepare for and adapt to climate-related hazards, our team worked to map extreme heat and flooding hazards across these cities under both current climate conditions and future projections. We then assessed the geographic distribution of these hazards to identify at-risk populations and city resources, such as critical infrastructure, community assets, cultural and historic resources, and land developments. These assessments will be used to develop resilience action plans, which will guide future climate hazard policies, planning, and projects in Trenton and Salem. [caption id="attachment_15855" align="aligncenter" width="1596"] Salem[/caption] [caption id="attachment_15856" align="aligncenter" width="1585"] Trenton[/caption] A key component of our climate hazard vulnerability assessments was to not only provide information needed for planning and decision-making, but to also provide information to the general public. Princeton Hydro and BRS facilitated several public information sessions. The Princeton Hydro-BRS Team provided a primer on climate hazards and presented the vulnerability assessment findings along with a Q&A session. This process invited public feedback and maximized public participation. [post_title] => Resilient NJ - Trenton and Salem [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => closed [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => resilient-nj-trenton-and-salem [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2024-10-17 19:00:08 [post_modified_gmt] => 2024-10-17 19:00:08 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?post_type=project&p=15857 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => project [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [7] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 13156 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2023-07-18 19:48:35 [post_date_gmt] => 2023-07-18 19:48:35 [post_content] => As one of only a few areas of open space left in Point Pleasant, the 13-acre Slade Dale Sanctuary is an important part of the local ecosystem, and is home to a number of unique animals and plants. This waterfront preserve along the North Branch Beaver Dam Creek is predominantly tidal marsh, which provides habitat for various birds, including osprey, as well as passive recreation opportunities for the community. Unfortunately, the Slade Dale Sanctuary is disappearing. Since 1930, the shoreline of Slade Dale Sanctuary has retreated approximately 300 feet, equal to the length of a football field, and the channels into the marsh have increased in number and size, according to aerial imagery that Princeton Hydro assessed on behalf of American Littoral Society. In order to stabilize the shoreline, restore the marsh, and enhance the ecological function and integrity of the preserve, American Littoral Society contracted Princeton Hydro to develop a conceptual and engineering design using living shoreline features to enhance ecological value and reduce erosion. To develop a final design, Princeton Hydro mapped historic wetland extents, performed a bathymetric survey, as well as an ecological and engineering assessment of the waterfront. The final concept utilized a novel, low-cost technique that had never been done in New Jersey - upcycling donated Christmas trees into a living shoreline. The design used a combination of breakwater fence and tree vane structures to attenuate wave action, foster sediment accretion, and reduce erosion along the shoreline. The tree vane structures are located behind the 1977 Tidelands Line to comply with state regulations. Both types of structures mimic naturally occurring debris structures in tidal systems and enhance habitat opportunity and shelter for aquatic life. To implement this design the trees were transported by volunteers from their staged locations on the marsh to the breakwater sections that were previously installed in the water. The trees were stuffed between the pilings, securely tied down, and staked directly into the creek bottom. [gallery link="none" ids="3600,3598,3606"] [post_title] => Living Shoreline at Slade Dale Sanctuary [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => closed [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => living-shoreline-at-slade-dale-sanctuary [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2023-07-18 19:50:42 [post_modified_gmt] => 2023-07-18 19:50:42 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?post_type=project&p=13156 [menu_order] => 5 [post_type] => project [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [8] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 11862 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2022-11-16 15:11:43 [post_date_gmt] => 2022-11-16 15:11:43 [post_content] => As part of New Jersey Audubon Society’s Coastal Impoundment Vulnerability and Resilience Project, Princeton Hydro was contracted to inspect and analyze coastal impoundments along the East Coast. Coastal impoundments allow for the active management of water levels, therefore creating a unique habitat that can influence a diversity of bird populations. The ability to maximize the ecological value of these relatively small impoundment areas to the benefit of numerous species is remarkable. Ranging from coastal areas of Massachusets to Virginia, Princeton Hydro conducted visual engineering inpsections and vulnerability assessments for fourteen impoundment clusters: -Parker River National Wildlife Refuge, MA -Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge, NY -Supawna Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, NJ -Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge, NJ -Kingsland Impoundment, NJ -Heislerville Wildlife Management Area, NJ -John Heinz National Wildlife Refuge, PA -Thousand Acre Marsh, DE -Prime Hook, DE -Deal Island Wildlife Management Area, MD -Fairmount Wildlife Management Area, MD -Hog Island Wildlife Management Area, VA -Princess Anne, VA -Doe Creek Wildlife Management Area, VA The engineering team specifically looked for evidence of erosion, overtopping and other conditions that might compromise the stability of the embankments. First, the waterward area was observed to determine the relative protection that may or may not be provided by any existing marsh area or artificial structures. Second, the area inland from the impoundments was observed to determine if the impoundment was potentially providing any storm surge or energy dissipation services for inland structures which might include homes, businesses, roadways, utilities or other structures. Supplementing the desktop GIS analysis, the in-field inspection data provided detailed information on the structural integrity and vulnerability of the embankments, which provided valuable insight for management of the impoundments. [gallery columns="2" link="none" ids="11864,11863"] The findings of the inspections and GIS site evaluations were presented to impoundment operators from across the Mid-Atlantic region. The presentation provided the operators with knowledge which will help them improve the operations of coastal impoundments and increase the resiliency of the structures they manage. [post_title] => Coastal Impoundment Vulnerability and Resilience Project [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => closed [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => coastal-impoundment-vulnerability-and-resilience-project [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2024-01-19 01:35:12 [post_modified_gmt] => 2024-01-19 01:35:12 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?post_type=project&p=11862 [menu_order] => 28 [post_type] => project [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [9] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 11517 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2022-09-20 14:18:06 [post_date_gmt] => 2022-09-20 14:18:06 [post_content] => Under an Indefinite Delivery Contract with the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), New York District, Princeton Hydro completed a hazardous, toxic, and radioactive waste (HTRW) and geotechnical investigation as part of a larger feasibility study to assess potential flood damage reduction and ecological restoration efforts for Wreck Pond. Wreck Pond is a man-made coastal impoundment that was historically a coastal tidal inlet . Following Hurricane Sandy, there was interest in supplementing local efforts to reduce flooding impacts and restore the lake to a healthier condition. The investigation included the progression of 10 water-borne borings within the main pond of the Wreck Pond system, including one in a tributary pond. The borings were progressed through accumulated sediment and into the underlying parent material. The borings were logged by Princeton Hydro geotechnical staff and samples were collected for later analysis in Princeton Hydro’s AASHTO-accredited and USACE-certified laboratory. Samples were also forwarded to a subcontracted analytical laboratory for analysis of potential nonpoint source pollutants that could impact local ecological resources and final disposal, if dredging of sediment was completed. In the geotechnical laboratory, the samples were subjected to geotechnical indexing tests, including grain size, organic content, moisture content, and plasticity/liquid limits. For soil strength parameters, the in-field Standard Penetration Test (SPT) as well as laboratory unconfined compression tests were performed on a clay sample to provide parameters for slope stability modeling. [gallery link="none" ids="11520,11519,11518"] [post_title] => Geotechnical Investigation for Wreck Pond Coastal Restoration Feasibility Study [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => closed [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => geotechnical-investigation-for-wreck-pond-coastal-restoration-feasibility-study [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2024-10-03 12:25:58 [post_modified_gmt] => 2024-10-03 12:25:58 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?post_type=project&p=11517 [menu_order] => 44 [post_type] => project [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) ) [post_count] => 10 [current_post] => -1 [before_loop] => 1 [in_the_loop] => [post] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 18033 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2025-08-05 16:02:32 [post_date_gmt] => 2025-08-05 16:02:32 [post_content] => The N.J. Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) received a grant for this project from the National Fish and Wildlife Federation. Grantees were charged with providing increased resilience to natural infrastructure that will in turn increase the resiliency of coastal communities in the face of future storms like Hurricane Sandy. Due to the need to maintain navigation channels and assist in the adaptation of tidal marshes to sea level rise and subsidence, the project was completed to investigate and assess the use of dredged material disposal placement, and the effectiveness of this method in maintaining marshes at an elevation that supports native marsh vegetation to reinforce the subsoils and protect the local community. One of the metrics analyzed was the impact, if any, of the placement of dredged material on the community composition, abundance, and distribution of avian species within the two dredged material placement sites, one proximal to the Atlantic Ocean in Avalon, New Jersey and the other proximal to Delaware Bay Fortescue, New Jersey. [gallery link="none" size="large" columns="2" ids="18032,18028"] Princeton Hydro, in conjunction with the Fish and Wildlife Service, Wetlands Institute, and The Nature Conservancy, developed a monitoring plan that utilized the BACI (before, after, control, impact) study design and the protocols from the “Standardized North American Marsh Bird Monitoring Protocols” developed by Courtney Conway in 2012 for both the Fortescue and Avalon sites. Surveys were implemented over a period of four years, 2014-2017, occurring during the spring, summer, and fall periods to capture the avian community composition changes both seasonally and year over year at both sites with seven survey areas at Fortescue and nine at Avalon. Post thin layer placement surveys indicated that (1) avian species richness increased at Avalon, but was negligible at Fortescue; (2) species guild assemblage experienced a shift, with an increase in shorebirds coinciding with a decrease in waders and passerines at Avalon, while there was an increase in gulls and waders and a decrease in passerines at Fortescue; (3) loafing by shorebirds and gulls increased at Avalon, while Fortescue had negligible changes in loafing. Over time, loafing activities at both sites decreased with an increase in foraging observed and the communities of both sites shifted from gull/shorebird dominated to passerine/wader dominated as the marsh vegetation developed. [post_title] => Avian Monitoring of Coastal Salt Marshes [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => closed [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => avian-monitoring-of-coastal-salt-marshes [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2025-08-05 16:03:34 [post_modified_gmt] => 2025-08-05 16:03:34 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?post_type=project&p=18033 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => project [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [comment_count] => 0 [current_comment] => -1 [found_posts] => 19 [max_num_pages] => 2 [max_num_comment_pages] => 0 [is_single] => [is_preview] => [is_page] => [is_archive] => 1 [is_date] => [is_year] => [is_month] => [is_day] => [is_time] => [is_author] => [is_category] => [is_tag] => [is_tax] => 1 [is_search] => [is_feed] => [is_comment_feed] => [is_trackback] => [is_home] => [is_privacy_policy] => [is_404] => [is_embed] => [is_paged] => [is_admin] => [is_attachment] => [is_singular] => [is_robots] => [is_favicon] => [is_posts_page] => [is_post_type_archive] => [query_vars_hash:WP_Query:private] => fb96641b7e01b82012f906ae17174a71 [query_vars_changed:WP_Query:private] => 1 [thumbnails_cached] => [allow_query_attachment_by_filename:protected] => [stopwords:WP_Query:private] => [compat_fields:WP_Query:private] => Array ( [0] => query_vars_hash [1] => query_vars_changed ) [compat_methods:WP_Query:private] => Array ( [0] => init_query_flags [1] => parse_tax_query ) [query_cache_key:WP_Query:private] => wp_query:47ccd1e20067950c39b4efed709fbbfb:0.11342200 17617661990.11250700 1761766199 )
The N.J. Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) received a grant for this project from the National Fish and Wildlife Federation. Grantees were charged with providing increased resilience to natural infrastructure that will in turn increase the resiliency of coastal communities in the face of future storms like Hurricane Sandy. Due to the need to maintain navigation channels and assist in the adaptation of tidal marshes to sea level rise and subsidence, the project was completed to investigate and assess the use of dredged material disposal placement, and the effectiveness of this method in maintaining marshes at an elevation that supports native marsh vegetation to reinforce the subsoils and protect the local community.
One of the metrics analyzed was the impact, if any, of the placement of dredged material on the community composition, abundance, and distribution of avian species within the two dredged material placement sites, one proximal to the Atlantic Ocean in Avalon, New Jersey and the other proximal to Delaware Bay Fortescue, New Jersey.
Princeton Hydro, in conjunction with the Fish and Wildlife Service, Wetlands Institute, and The Nature Conservancy, developed a monitoring plan that utilized the BACI (before, after, control, impact) study design and the protocols from the “Standardized North American Marsh Bird Monitoring Protocols” developed by Courtney Conway in 2012 for both the Fortescue and Avalon sites.
Surveys were implemented over a period of four years, 2014-2017, occurring during the spring, summer, and fall periods to capture the avian community composition changes both seasonally and year over year at both sites with seven survey areas at Fortescue and nine at Avalon. Post thin layer placement surveys indicated that (1) avian species richness increased at Avalon, but was negligible at Fortescue; (2) species guild assemblage experienced a shift, with an increase in shorebirds coinciding with a decrease in waders and passerines at Avalon, while there was an increase in gulls and waders and a decrease in passerines at Fortescue; (3) loafing by shorebirds and gulls increased at Avalon, while Fortescue had negligible changes in loafing. Over time, loafing activities at both sites decreased with an increase in foraging observed and the communities of both sites shifted from gull/shorebird dominated to passerine/wader dominated as the marsh vegetation developed.
Princeton Hydro was part of a two-firm team tasked with the completion of Phase II detail scour analyses for the New Jersey Turnpike Authority (NJTA), a major state-wide transportation authority. Princeton Hydro was specifically tasked with the completion of scour analyses for 13 individual major highway bridges. These bridges were distributed throughout the state and included structures in both the coastal plain and piedmont physiographic provinces. The road crossings at the focus of the study range from single lane exit ramps to five-lane single direction major highways. The average daily traffic load of combined 13 road crossings which were studied is 1.3 million vehicles per day.
The detailed Phase II studies were conducted on structures which were previously identified during separate Phase I scour investigations and Biennial Bridge Inspection Reports. Inspections and investigations ultimately either confirmed the existing Federal Highway Authority Structure Inventory and Appraisal of the Nation’s Bridges (SI&A) codes including Items 61 (Channel and Channel Protection), Item 71 (Waterway Adequacy) and Item 113 (Scour Critical Bridges).
Princeton Hydro provided a wide range of services as it related to the scour assessments. These services included field inspection service planning and logistics as well and watercraft access to bridge structures. In-field engineering inspections of bridge structures with a focus on scour were also completed for the 13 structures. These inspections included the collection of photographs of the bridge and surrounding channel conditions as well as the collection of representative soil samples.
The soil samples were then delivered to our in-house soil laboratory, which is accredited under the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Accreditation Program (AAP), for analysis with the results of the soil analyses being applied in the scour analysis hydraulic calculations.
Our engineering services included a detailed review of previous documentation for each bridge including original as-built drawing, previous inspection reports, and other National Bridge Inspection Standards (NBIS) reporting. The Phase II detailed scour analysis also included a hydrologic analysis for each road crossing with consequent hydraulic modeling of the bridge structure and stream channel being performed in HEC-RAS. Results from HEC-RAS were then used to conduct additional scour analysis in the Federal Highway Administration Hydraulic Toolbox.
In 2012, Hurricane Sandy left numerous NJ communities with storm damage to homes and infrastructure including Naval Weapons Station (NWS) Earle, which incurred approximately $50M in installation damages that not only impacted mission readiness, but also impacted neighboring communities, where the majority of the installations’ military and civilian employee population resides. It is expected that NWS Earle and its surrounding communities may experience increased frequent flooding from tidal waters and storm surge, adversely affecting ecosystems and presenting challenges to installation resilience and readiness. In response to these past occurrences and the threat of future related coastal hazards, Monmouth County, in cooperation with NWS Earle and the 13 municipalities that surround it, published a Joint Land Use Study in 2017, which defined several goals related to adapting to sea level rise and improving resiliency from future storm events. In 2019, the cooperative published the Raritan/Sandy Hook Bay Coastal Resilience Planning Study (Bayshore Study) which identified potential coastal resilience projects within the region that could improve sustainability and resiliency from current and future coastal hazards and sea level rise.
In 2021, Monmouth County commissioned Princeton Hydro to advance the goals of the Bayshore Study through the Bayshore Coastal Resilience Design Study. The goal of this study is to develop conceptual coastal resilience designs for two of the Bayshore Study projects located on coastal wetlands along Whale Creek in Aberdeen Township and Flat Creek in Union Beach Borough. We conducted site assessments that included desktop investigation, bio-benchmarks, and hydrologic monitoring; completed hydrodynamic modeling to assess the impacts of storms and sea level rise; and developed conceptual restoration designs for both sites. Restoration strategies included removal of invasive species, planting of native species, enhancement of hydrology, and fostering marsh migration. Conceptual designs were presented to a Technical Advisory Committee to solicit feedback for further project development.
This project provided an opportunity to work closely with Monmouth County on an effort to address the threat of future coastal hazards through marsh restoration. The project resulted in the development of conceptual designs for restoration of the tidal marsh ecosystems at Whale Creek and Flat Creek as well as a detailed study report to support those designs.
Liberty State Park is located on the west bank of Upper New York Bay and is one of the most visited state parks in the nation with over 5.1 million visitors in 2018. Princeton Hydro was contracted to design a resilient coastal ecosystem within 235 acres of this highly urbanized setting that provides both ecological and social benefits. This includes the restoration of over 80 acres of tidal and non-tidal wetlands and creation of several thousands of feet of intertidal shoreline and shallow water habitat hydrologically connected to the Upper New York Bay.
Historically, the site contained intertidal mudflats and shallow water habitat, which were filled and developed as a railroad yard. Once constructed, this project will expand public access, improve water quality, restore native plant communities, and improve coastal resiliency for urban communities that are vulnerable to storm events. The site design includes a trail network for the park interior that will provide access to the newly established habitat zones and views of the Statue of Liberty and New York City skyline. This trail network will enhance pedestrian connectivity between the existing portion of Liberty State Park, Liberty Science Center, Jersey City, and local public transit hubs.
To inform the design development, our team conducted design charrettes with various stakeholders and a myriad of monitoring tasks focused on site characterization including a wetland delineation; bio-benchmarking surveys of the tidal marsh vegetation communities; topographic, bathymetric, and utility surveys; and geotechnical sampling such as SPT borings and test pits. Field data and observations were incorporated into various analyses to support the engineering design including a 2D Hydrologic and Hydraulic model and wave analysis, and a detailed Sea Level Rise Analysis to inform the design of various project elements to accommodate sea level rise projections through 2070. The tidal channel geometry, culvert width, and tidal marsh were designed to address increased flows and water surface elevations. Groundwater levels and flow direction were also characterized through the installation of monitoring wells and continuous measurements of the groundwater level using piezometers.
To support the design process, the team developed interim construction cost estimates for various design milestones and coordinated and advanced the local, state, and federal permit process and applications. As part of NJDEP’s public outreach campaign, our team participated in an open house interacting directly with members of the public. We produced a 4-minute video simulating the expected visitor experience using detailed engineering design renderings. When completed, this will be one of the largest ecosystem habitat restoration projects in New Jersey. Click below to watch the video now:
The Spring Creek (North) Ecosystem Restoration Project is located in the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, New York. In the early 1900’s, the salt marsh community of Spring Creek was part of the extensive coastal wetland community of Jamaica Bay, known for the abundance and diversity of its shellfish as well as its ecological importance as a nursery and feeding ground for countless species of birds and fish. The intertidal salt marsh and uplands have since been degraded by historic placement of dredged spoils and municipal waste, the construction of a sanitary sewer trunk line, ditching of the marsh, and urbanization of the watershed.
When completed, the project will restore approximately 43.2 acres of degraded habitat to 0.7 acres of low marsh, 12.9 acres of transitional and high marsh, 5.2 acres of scrub shrub wetland and 24.4 acres of maritime upland in an overall project footprint of 67 acres. Primary construction activities will include excavating and re-contouring uplands to intertidal elevations, thin layer placement of sand on the marsh platform to restore areas of degraded tidal wetland, removing invasive plant species, and replanting with native plant species. The overall project purpose is to improve the environmental quality (water, diversity, and wildlife habitat) of Spring Creek and its associated salt marshes as part of the overall Jamaica Bay Ecosystem.
Princeton Hydro was contracted by the US Army Corps of Engineers, New York District to lead the design and engineering. To inform the design development, a variety of site-specific data was collected including topographic, bathymetric, utility and tree surveys. Wetland delineation and vegetation characterization were performed, along with a bio-benchmark survey to establish marsh habitat boundaries; hydrodynamic data; and geotechnical borings. The data collected was analyzed and incorporated into the design, including a sea level change analysis; slope stability analysis; development of a hydrologic model and an unsteady 1-D hydraulic model; stormwater design; and wetland restoration design.
A concept design was developed in coordination with the US Army Corps of Engineers and New York City Parks, and the design was advanced via the preparation of 30%, 60%, 90%, and 100% design plans and technical specifications. Additionally, the required local, state, and federal permits were obtained, and a detailed construction cost estimate was developed.
The New Jersey Back Bay (NJBB) Coastal Storm Risk Management (CSRM) feasibility study is focused on the approximately 100 miles of interconnected tidal water bodies and coastal lakes located landward of the New Jersey Ocean coastline from the Manasquan Inlet to the Cape May Inlet. These areas were subject to recent flooding, storm surge, and damages as a result of Hurricane Sandy and other storm events. As part of this study, the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Philadelphia District developed a preliminary alignment for a storm surge barrier located in Great Egg Harbor Inlet in Atlantic and Cape May Counties. This preliminary barrier would serve as the representative design for all planned storm surge barriers as part of the project.
Through an existing contract with USACE Philadelphia District, Princeton Hydro was tasked with performing a water-based subsurface exploration along the preliminary barrier alignment. This exploration consisted of nine (9) Cone Penetration Tests (CPTs) with continuous pore pressure measurements to a maximum depth of 150 ft below the mudline or until refusal was encountered. To perform the testing, Princeton Hydro required subcontracted services provided by Northstar Marine Services, Inc., ConeTec, and Boring Brothers, Inc.
CPT soundings were performed from Northstar Marine Services’ 70 ft Lift Boat, the Vision. A rubber track mounted, low- clearance drill rig was provided by Boring Brothers, Inc. to socket casings into the mudline by way of the moon pool of the barge. Once casings were set, ConeTec utilized their Direct Push Overwater Ramset to continuously advance the CPT soundings to the termination depth. During the entire operation, Princeton Hydro provided continuous oversight as well as regular Health and Safety Inspections. The information collected during the investigation was provided to USACE for use in the design of the storm surge barrier.
Princeton Hydro and BRS, Inc. were contracted by the Cities of Trenton and Salem to perform climate change-related hazard vulnerability assessments to inform municipal resilience action plans.
The work was completed as part of the Resilient NJ Program, an assistance program run by the NJDEP Bureau of Climate Resilience Planning. The program supports local and regional climate resilience planning by bringing together planners, engineers, designers, and other experts to address flood- and climate-related hazards. The Cities of Trenton and Salem, like many across the region, already experience climate related hazards such as extreme heat and flooding which disrupts traffic patterns, impacts infrastructure, damages property, and puts lives at risk. These climate-related hazards are expected to worsen over the next century and beyond due to climate change.
In order to prepare for and adapt to climate-related hazards, our team worked to map extreme heat and flooding hazards across these cities under both current climate conditions and future projections. We then assessed the geographic distribution of these hazards to identify at-risk populations and city resources, such as critical infrastructure, community assets, cultural and historic resources, and land developments. These assessments will be used to develop resilience action plans, which will guide future climate hazard policies, planning, and projects in Trenton and Salem.
A key component of our climate hazard vulnerability assessments was to not only provide information needed for planning and decision-making, but to also provide information to the general public. Princeton Hydro and BRS facilitated several public information sessions. The Princeton Hydro-BRS Team provided a primer on climate hazards and presented the vulnerability assessment findings along with a Q&A session. This process invited public feedback and maximized public participation.
As one of only a few areas of open space left in Point Pleasant, the 13-acre Slade Dale Sanctuary is an important part of the local ecosystem, and is home to a number of unique animals and plants. This waterfront preserve along the North Branch Beaver Dam Creek is predominantly tidal marsh, which provides habitat for various birds, including osprey, as well as passive recreation opportunities for the community.
Unfortunately, the Slade Dale Sanctuary is disappearing. Since 1930, the shoreline of Slade Dale Sanctuary has retreated approximately 300 feet, equal to the length of a football field, and the channels into the marsh have increased in number and size, according to aerial imagery that Princeton Hydro assessed on behalf of American Littoral Society.
In order to stabilize the shoreline, restore the marsh, and enhance the ecological function and integrity of the preserve, American Littoral Society contracted Princeton Hydro to develop a conceptual and engineering design using living shoreline features to enhance ecological value and reduce erosion. To develop a final design, Princeton Hydro mapped historic wetland extents, performed a bathymetric survey, as well as an ecological and engineering assessment of the waterfront.
The final concept utilized a novel, low-cost technique that had never been done in New Jersey - upcycling donated Christmas trees into a living shoreline. The design used a combination of breakwater fence and tree vane structures to attenuate wave action, foster sediment accretion, and reduce erosion along the shoreline. The tree vane structures are located behind the 1977 Tidelands Line to comply with state regulations. Both types of structures mimic naturally occurring debris structures in tidal systems and enhance habitat opportunity and shelter for aquatic life.
To implement this design the trees were transported by volunteers from their staged locations on the marsh to the breakwater sections that were previously installed in the water. The trees were stuffed between the pilings, securely tied down, and staked directly into the creek bottom.
As part of New Jersey Audubon Society’s Coastal Impoundment Vulnerability and Resilience Project, Princeton Hydro was contracted to inspect and analyze coastal impoundments along the East Coast.
Coastal impoundments allow for the active management of water levels, therefore creating a unique habitat that can influence a diversity of bird populations. The ability to maximize the ecological value of these relatively small impoundment areas to the benefit of numerous species is remarkable.
Ranging from coastal areas of Massachusets to Virginia, Princeton Hydro conducted visual engineering inpsections and vulnerability assessments for fourteen impoundment clusters:
The engineering team specifically looked for evidence of erosion, overtopping and other conditions that might compromise the stability of the embankments. First, the waterward area was observed to determine the relative protection that may or may not be provided by any existing marsh area or artificial structures. Second, the area inland from the impoundments was observed to determine if the impoundment was potentially providing any storm surge or energy dissipation services for inland structures which might include homes, businesses, roadways, utilities or other structures. Supplementing the desktop GIS analysis, the in-field inspection data provided detailed information on the structural integrity and vulnerability of the embankments, which provided valuable insight for management of the impoundments.
The findings of the inspections and GIS site evaluations were presented to impoundment operators from across the Mid-Atlantic region. The presentation provided the operators with knowledge which will help them improve the operations of coastal impoundments and increase the resiliency of the structures they manage.
Under an Indefinite Delivery Contract with the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), New York District, Princeton Hydro completed a hazardous, toxic, and radioactive waste (HTRW) and geotechnical investigation as part of a larger feasibility study to assess potential flood damage reduction and ecological restoration efforts for Wreck Pond.
Wreck Pond is a man-made coastal impoundment that was historically a coastal tidal inlet . Following Hurricane Sandy, there was interest in supplementing local efforts to reduce flooding impacts and restore the lake to a healthier condition.
The investigation included the progression of 10 water-borne borings within the main pond of the Wreck Pond system, including one in a tributary pond. The borings were progressed through accumulated sediment and into the underlying parent material. The borings were logged by Princeton Hydro geotechnical staff and samples were collected for later analysis in Princeton Hydro’s AASHTO-accredited and USACE-certified laboratory.
Samples were also forwarded to a subcontracted analytical laboratory for analysis of potential nonpoint source pollutants that could impact local ecological resources and final disposal, if dredging of sediment was completed. In the geotechnical laboratory, the samples were subjected to geotechnical indexing tests, including grain size, organic content, moisture content, and plasticity/liquid limits. For soil strength parameters, the in-field Standard Penetration Test (SPT) as well as laboratory unconfined compression tests were performed on a clay sample to provide parameters for slope stability modeling.
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