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Lambertville faces stormwater management issues primarily due to its geographic and infrastructural characteristics. Situated along the Delaware River, the city is prone to flooding, which is exacerbated by aging and inadequate stormwater infrastructure. Dense urban development results in a high percentage of impervious surfaces, such as roads and buildings, that prevent proper absorption of rainwater, leading to increased runoff and strain on existing drainage systems. [caption id="attachment_19301" align="aligncenter" width="770"] Sample of single-family residential parcels and median impervious surface area[/caption] Lambertville’s stormwater infrastructure includes more than 530 identified stormwater inlets, a series of aging culverts, and miles of stormwater conveyance piping—much of it in unknown condition—with many structures serving as components of cross‑jurisdictional systems, all paired with repeated devastation from flooding. The project team completed a Lambertville Stormwater Utility Feasibility Study, which included the following components: Programmatic and Organizational Review: Evaluation of existing stormwater infrastructure operation and maintenance practices, as well as current program organization and administration. Gaps and Funding Analysis and Future Program Needs: Review and presentation of recent and projected capital project needs and baseline costs provided by Lambertville, along with an assessment of current revenue sources. Land Cover Analysis, Digitization of Impervious Cover, and Equity of Current Costs: Digitization and evaluation of land cover data based on the potential use of an Equivalent Residential Unit (ERU) rate structure and the quantification of billing units. Assessment of the equity of current stormwater costs and the potential impact of a fee‑based stormwater utility on different landowner categories. [caption id="attachment_19297" align="aligncenter" width="888"] Sankey Diagram highlighting the shift from current tax revenue to a stormwater utility fee.[/caption] User Fee Rate Options and Summary: Evaluation of how revenue generation might shift from a general‑fund, tax‑based model to a fee‑based model, including a summary of available rate structures designed to balance equity, cost, and administrative ease. Policy Development and Legislation Review: Examination of the policy framework for delivering stormwater management services under a utility model, including policies related to extent of service, billing, and funding. Topics included mission and program priorities, level of service, organizational structure, and credit policy. Public Outreach & Stakeholder Engagement: Formation and facilitation of a Stormwater Focus Group composed of key stakeholders, as well as hosting a public meeting to gather feedback, ensure transparency, and support community participation. [gallery columns="2" link="none" ids="19300,19299"] Funding for the Lambertville Stormwater Utility Feasibility Study was provided through a grant from the New Jersey League of Conservation Voters Education Fund. [post_title] => City of Lambertville - Stormwater Utility Feasibility Study [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => closed [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => city-of-lambertville-stormwater-utility-feasibility-study [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2026-04-08 16:27:08 [post_modified_gmt] => 2026-04-08 16:27:08 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?post_type=project&p=19287 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => project [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [1] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 18841 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2025-12-09 20:27:39 [post_date_gmt] => 2025-12-09 20:27:39 [post_content] => Princeton Hydro was contracted to collaborate with the NY-NJ Harbor and Estuary Program (HEP) and the Town of Kearny to support the enhancement of Kearny Riverbank Park, including areas along the Passaic River shoreline. In addition to addressing the park’s needs, Princeton Hydro had to consider the remedial action work being performed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to contain the contaminated sediment within the lower 8.3 miles of the Passaic River and portions of the shoreline at Kearny Riverbank Park. Through collaborative stakeholder engagement meetings and community input, the site assessment and design provide the Town of Kearny with a multifaceted plan, focusing on shoreline restoration, improving stormwater management, reducing erosion, and improving public access and park amenities. A key component of the project was to conceptualize stormwater management strategies. Designed to increase infiltration, reduce urban runoff, and improve the water quality of the Passaic River, the stormwater management strategies will help alleviate current stormwater issues such as ponding and erosion. The proposed interventions will provide opportunities for increased park programming, education, and engagement, while improving the park’s climate resilience. [post_title] => Kearny Riverbank Park Site Assessment and Design Services [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => closed [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => kearny-riverbank-park-site-assessment-and-design-services [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2025-12-09 20:33:08 [post_modified_gmt] => 2025-12-09 20:33:08 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?post_type=project&p=18841 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => project [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [2] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 18795 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2025-11-05 17:12:57 [post_date_gmt] => 2025-11-05 17:12:57 [post_content] => Princeton Hydro and our project partner, the American Littoral Society, developed living shoreline designs for Nyack Beach State Park. The project goal was to create shorelines resilient to extreme storms and increase resilience to damages linked to climate change while enhancing ecological values and preserving public use of the site. The final selected shoreline designs were consistent with the Master Plan for the Nyack Beach State Park and promoted goals of the 2010-2014 Hudson River Estuary Action Agenda. With these goals and objectives in mind, the Princeton Hydro team worked closely with the Hudson River Estuary Program (HREP), Nyack Beach State Park staff, and the other project stakeholders to generate ecologically-enhanced, engineered shoreline treatments that resist erosion, enhance the recreational use of the site, and improve habitat for fish and wildlife species. The Princeton Hydro team consulted state and federal regulations governing waterfront projects and took into consideration guidance offered directly by New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) during the early stages of design development. A “tread lightly” approach was taken, promoting nature-based solutions. Satisfactory existing elements of the site, including post-Hurricane-Sandy repairs to the park and its shoreline, were enhanced rather than redone. [gallery link="none" columns="2" size="medium" ids="18794,18793"] A large portion of the selected design included access to the river and the park’s intertidal, nearshore areas. Thus, the project approach would need to be sensitive to park use by visitors. At the same time, as directed by the Nyack Beach State Park staff, our designs were designed to minimize the maintenance responsibilities of park staff. [post_title] => Sustainable Shoreline at Nyack Beach State Park [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => closed [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => sustainable-shoreline-at-nyack-beach-state-park [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2025-12-08 21:44:20 [post_modified_gmt] => 2025-12-08 21:44:20 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?post_type=project&p=18795 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => project [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [3] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 18610 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2025-11-05 14:49:39 [post_date_gmt] => 2025-11-05 14:49:39 [post_content] => The Anchor QEA–Princeton Hydro team was selected by Audubon New York (and its partners Save the Sound and New York State Parks) to design the restoration and enhancement of an approximately 400-acre tidal marsh on the north-central coast of Long Island. The marsh has experienced restricted tidal flow since an earthen berm was breached in 2012 during Superstorm Sandy. The restricted tidal flow led to marsh degradation, which converted portions of the former salt marsh to brackish and freshwater marsh. The lack of tidal flushing also enabled invasive Phragmites australis to establish and spread within the marsh system. Design goals included:
The City of Lambertville contracted Princeton Hydro and WSP to evaluate Lambertville’s need for, and ability to create, a fee‑based Stormwater Utility. Lambertville faces stormwater management issues primarily due to its geographic and infrastructural characteristics. Situated along the Delaware River, the city is prone to flooding, which is exacerbated by aging and inadequate stormwater infrastructure. Dense urban development results in a high percentage of impervious surfaces, such as roads and buildings, that prevent proper absorption of rainwater, leading to increased runoff and strain on existing drainage systems.
Lambertville’s stormwater infrastructure includes more than 530 identified stormwater inlets, a series of aging culverts, and miles of stormwater conveyance piping—much of it in unknown condition—with many structures serving as components of cross‑jurisdictional systems, all paired with repeated devastation from flooding.
The project team completed a Lambertville Stormwater Utility Feasibility Study, which included the following components:
Funding for the Lambertville Stormwater Utility Feasibility Study was provided through a grant from the New Jersey League of Conservation Voters Education Fund.
Princeton Hydro was contracted to collaborate with the NY-NJ Harbor and Estuary Program (HEP) and the Town of Kearny to support the enhancement of Kearny Riverbank Park, including areas along the Passaic River shoreline. In addition to addressing the park’s needs, Princeton Hydro had to consider the remedial action work being performed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to contain the contaminated sediment within the lower 8.3 miles of the Passaic River and portions of the shoreline at Kearny Riverbank Park.
Through collaborative stakeholder engagement meetings and community input, the site assessment and design provide the Town of Kearny with a multifaceted plan, focusing on shoreline restoration, improving stormwater management, reducing erosion, and improving public access and park amenities.
A key component of the project was to conceptualize stormwater management strategies. Designed to increase infiltration, reduce urban runoff, and improve the water quality of the Passaic River, the stormwater management strategies will help alleviate current stormwater issues such as ponding and erosion. The proposed interventions will provide opportunities for increased park programming, education, and engagement, while improving the park’s climate resilience.
Princeton Hydro and our project partner, the American Littoral Society, developed living shoreline designs for Nyack Beach State Park. The project goal was to create shorelines resilient to extreme storms and increase resilience to damages linked to climate change while enhancing ecological values and preserving public use of the site.
The final selected shoreline designs were consistent with the Master Plan for the Nyack Beach State Park and promoted goals of the 2010-2014 Hudson River Estuary Action Agenda. With these goals and objectives in mind, the Princeton Hydro team worked closely with the Hudson River Estuary Program (HREP), Nyack Beach State Park staff, and the other project stakeholders to generate ecologically-enhanced, engineered shoreline treatments that resist erosion, enhance the recreational use of the site, and improve habitat for fish and wildlife species.
The Princeton Hydro team consulted state and federal regulations governing waterfront projects and took into consideration guidance offered directly by New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) during the early stages of design development. A “tread lightly” approach was taken, promoting nature-based solutions. Satisfactory existing elements of the site, including post-Hurricane-Sandy repairs to the park and its shoreline, were enhanced rather than redone.
A large portion of the selected design included access to the river and the park’s intertidal, nearshore areas. Thus, the project approach would need to be sensitive to park use by visitors. At the same time, as directed by the Nyack Beach State Park staff, our designs were designed to minimize the maintenance responsibilities of park staff.
The Anchor QEA–Princeton Hydro team was selected by Audubon New York (and its partners Save the Sound and New York State Parks) to design the restoration and enhancement of an approximately 400-acre tidal marsh on the north-central coast of Long Island. The marsh has experienced restricted tidal flow since an earthen berm was breached in 2012 during Superstorm Sandy. The restricted tidal flow led to marsh degradation, which converted portions of the former salt marsh to brackish and freshwater marsh. The lack of tidal flushing also enabled invasive Phragmites australis to establish and spread within the marsh system.
The Anchor QEA–Princeton Hydro team developed 60% Designs, including design drawings, a cost estimate, a long-term management plan, and a QAPP. The project design includes dredging approximately 15,000 cubic yards of material from Sunken Meadow Creek and thin layer placement of dredged material onto adjacent marsh cells to develop low and high marsh footprints; treating approximately 20 acres of Phragmites australis and phased replanting the areas with native species; creating approximately 2,000 linear feet of channels in the marsh and improving approximately 8,500 linear feet of existing channels to enhance drainage and tidal flushing; creating tidal pools and installing anchored rootwads to promote habitat diversity; modifying existing culverts within the primary flow channel through the marsh; and planting within the high and low salt marsh footprints.
The Spring Creek (North) Ecosystem Restoration Project is located in the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, New York. In the early 1900’s, the salt marsh community of Spring Creek was part of the extensive coastal wetland community of Jamaica Bay, known for the abundance and diversity of its shellfish as well as its ecological importance as a nursery and feeding ground for countless species of birds and fish. The intertidal salt marsh and uplands have since been degraded by historic placement of dredged spoils and municipal waste, the construction of a sanitary sewer trunk line, ditching of the marsh, and urbanization of the watershed.
When completed, the project will restore approximately 43.2 acres of degraded habitat to 0.7 acres of low marsh, 12.9 acres of transitional and high marsh, 5.2 acres of scrub shrub wetland and 24.4 acres of maritime upland in an overall project footprint of 67 acres. Primary construction activities will include excavating and re-contouring uplands to intertidal elevations, thin layer placement of sand on the marsh platform to restore areas of degraded tidal wetland, removing invasive plant species, and replanting with native plant species. The overall project purpose is to improve the environmental quality (water, diversity, and wildlife habitat) of Spring Creek and its associated salt marshes as part of the overall Jamaica Bay Ecosystem.
Princeton Hydro was contracted by the US Army Corps of Engineers, New York District to lead the design and engineering. To inform the design development, a variety of site-specific data was collected including topographic, bathymetric, utility and tree surveys. Wetland delineation and vegetation characterization were performed, along with a bio-benchmark survey to establish marsh habitat boundaries; hydrodynamic data; and geotechnical borings. The data collected was analyzed and incorporated into the design, including a sea level change analysis; slope stability analysis; development of a hydrologic model and an unsteady 1-D hydraulic model; stormwater design; and wetland restoration design.
A concept design was developed in coordination with the US Army Corps of Engineers and New York City Parks, and the design was advanced via the preparation of 30%, 60%, 90%, and 100% design plans and technical specifications. Additionally, the required local, state, and federal permits were obtained, and a detailed construction cost estimate was developed.
Princeton Hydro and BRS, Inc. were contracted by the Cities of Trenton and Salem to perform climate change-related hazard vulnerability assessments to inform municipal resilience action plans.
The work was completed as part of the Resilient NJ Program, an assistance program run by the NJDEP Bureau of Climate Resilience Planning. The program supports local and regional climate resilience planning by bringing together planners, engineers, designers, and other experts to address flood- and climate-related hazards. The Cities of Trenton and Salem, like many across the region, already experience climate related hazards such as extreme heat and flooding which disrupts traffic patterns, impacts infrastructure, damages property, and puts lives at risk. These climate-related hazards are expected to worsen over the next century and beyond due to climate change.
In order to prepare for and adapt to climate-related hazards, our team worked to map extreme heat and flooding hazards across these cities under both current climate conditions and future projections. We then assessed the geographic distribution of these hazards to identify at-risk populations and city resources, such as critical infrastructure, community assets, cultural and historic resources, and land developments. These assessments will be used to develop resilience action plans, which will guide future climate hazard policies, planning, and projects in Trenton and Salem.
A key component of our climate hazard vulnerability assessments was to not only provide information needed for planning and decision-making, but to also provide information to the general public. Princeton Hydro and BRS facilitated several public information sessions. The Princeton Hydro-BRS Team provided a primer on climate hazards and presented the vulnerability assessment findings along with a Q&A session. This process invited public feedback and maximized public participation.
Princeton Hydro provided professional planning and engineering services to the City of Hoboken for post-Sandy disaster resilience planning. Hurricane Sandy’s storm tide had community-wide severe impacts to the City. As a result, the City was the first New Jersey municipality to begin a comprehensive evaluation and adaptation of its policies, including updates to the City’s zoning, stormwater, and flood damage prevention ordinances.
Princeton Hydro conducted planning & engineering in support of an amended stormwater management plan, hazard mitigation and emergency management planning, and a stakeholder engagement process. Deliverables included updates to the city’s zoning, stormwater and flood damage prevention ordinances, as well as a Stormwater Management Plan Amendment. The Amendment contained recommendations for a comprehensive stormwater management ordinance that prioritizes the use of green infrastructure practices for runoff volume retention. Princeton Hydro also produced Resilient Building Design Guidelines, which educated homeowners and developers on how to retrofit existing structures, comply with FEMA Substantial Damage/Substantial Improvement standards, and implement best practices when building new construction in flood-prone areas. The plan and recommendations contributed to Hoboken’s initiative, which is ahead of the mandates to be instituted by the North Hudson Sewerage Authority’s Long Term Control Plan to address combined sewer overflows.
Additionally, the City updated the Recreation and Open Space Inventory to be consistent with the City’s open space advancement and stormwater management implementation in parks. A Resilient Capital Improvement Plan was another outcome of their proactive effort and contains details on projects to prepare the City for future natural hazards. Hazard mitigation and emergency management planning resulted in mitigation project development, an Emergency Operations Plan update and a Continuity of Operations/Government plan. Resiliency measures and philosophies were integrated into the Master Plan elements.
The flagship product of this planning effort is the Resilient Building Design Guidelines, educating homeowners and developers with tangible examples on how to retrofit existing structures, comply with FEMA Substantial Damage/Substantial Improvement standards, and best practices when building new construction in floodprone areas. The Guidelines have instructions on how to reduce future flood losses by using flood resistant materials and flood considerate techniques, all in keeping with the character of Hoboken. The Guidelines are a first of their kind in New Jersey and, as the techniques are implemented, the floodprone areas will be safer and recover more quickly after an event. Click here to read and download the complete 52-page guidelines document.
The City received the New Jersey Association for Floodplain Management’s 2015 Outstanding Floodplain Management Award for these efforts.
Princeton Hydro was contracted by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYS DEC) to conduct a feasibility assessment of management options to address Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) in Honeoye Lake (1,808 acres in Ontario County) and Conesus Lake (3,420 acres in Livingston County). The focus of this assessment was on addressing each lakes’ internal phosphorus load, which is a major contributor to HABs in both lakes. The project conducted a review and analysis of all of the data that have been collected on the lakes in the past and then evaluated the potential feasibility and cost effectiveness of nutrient inactivation and aeration.
The data review and analysis concluded that both lakes are good candidates for nutrient inactivation. Both have a naturally high buffering capacity and have a substantial amount of their phosphorus load originating from the release of high amounts of phosphorus from anoxic (dissolved oxygen less than 1 mg/L) sediments. Based on existing data on each lake’s annual hydrologic and phosphorus loads as well as water quality conditions, dosage rates and estimated costs for product and application were provided. The report also identified the need to conduct an alum bench test investigation to quantitatively determine the appropriate and safe dosage rate as well as reviewed the necessary State, Federal and local permits.
Several aeration options were also investigated as part of this study, again to address the internal phosphorus load of each lake, by keeping the bottom water oxygenated, which prevents the release of phosphorus from the sediments. Since Honeoye Lake is polymictic, or periodically mixes over the growing season due to prevailing weather conditions, the assessment determined that a destratification system would be the most cost effective approach to minimize its internal phosphorus load. Princeton Hydro then worked with a subcontractor to put together a conceptual design for a destratification system. Given the complicated morphometry and thermal dynamics of Conesus Lake a number of aeration strategies were reviewed. It was final determined that a direct oxygen injection system (DOX system) would be the most cost effective approach for Conesus Lake.
Some additional guidance and recommendations were developed in the long-term strategy of addressing the internal phosphorus load in these two lakes. This included discussions on the modeling and design specifications for specific aeration systems, as well as planning issues for both strategies such as funding, shoreline access agreements, ownership of equipment, long-term inspection, operation and maintenance, permit requirements, public hearings and notices, regulatory review and approval, bid specifications, and contractor oversight / project management.
Finally, a two tiered strategy was recommended, where nutrient inactivation would be conducted for HAB control at both lakes first by nutrient inactivation, followed by the installation and operation of the aeration systems. This strategy would provide both short- and long-term relief from HABs. The State of New York is in the process of moving forward with these recommendations.
Princeton Hydro developed a Coastal Vulnerability Assessment and Risk Analysis protocol that examines current and future flooding conditions given projected sea level rise and coastal storm risk. The protocol evaluates these conditions on the assessed value of the community to provide compelling evidence that would speak directly to the concerns of local officials and residents.
The parcel-based mapping analysis predicts depths of inundation throughout a community under various future climate change scenarios, then models resulting structural damage and calculates both the property owners’ financial exposure and the towns’ related potential tax revenue losses. This vulnerability assessment and risk analysis protocol was applied to six communities in New Jersey participating in a local recovery planning effort led by BRS and New Jersey Future after Hurricane Sandy. NJDEP has since recommended the protocol for other communities within New Jersey who wish to understand their future risk associated with sea level rise and coastal storms.
Following development of the vulnerability assessment and risk analysis, in an independent project funded by an USEPA grant, Princeton Hydro developed a Shoreline Inventory and Shoreline Strategic Plan for two of the communities that participated in the local recovery planning effort, Little Egg Harbor and Tuckerton. The Shoreline Inventory and Strategic Plan built upon the risk analysis framework to inform strategies to stabilize and restore vital defenses against short-, medium-, and long-term risks to the 294-mile shoreline of Tuckerton and Little Egg Harbor.
This shoreline assessment used GIS data, as well as data collected through field visits to detail the existing shoreline types and conditions along the tidal waters within both municipalities. The assessment analyzed the vulnerability of the shoreline to coastal erosion, as well as rising seas and coastal storms. The Plan provided several general recommendations and strategies to help minimize future risk to natural and community resources within the study area.
Princeton Hydro was contracted by the Town of Greenwich, Connecticut to develop a coastal resilience plan in anticipation of changing conditions due to climate change. The Town possesses 27 miles of shoreline along the Long Island Sound, with 7 of 30 islands in its eight harbors being town-owned. Greenwich, like many coastal communities, already experiences coastal, pluvial, and fluvial flooding which disrupts traffic patterns, impacts infrastructure, and damages town and private assets. In order to protect these coastal areas, which provide a variety of environmental, economic, and community benefits, our team is working to develop a plan that makes sense and will not only protect but enhance Greenwich’s coastal areas.
The work for this project is broken up into two phases, Phase 1 includes a suite of analyses to identify specific areas that are at risk, assess the extent of exposure to flooding, provide concepts for enhancing resiliency, and prioritize specific recommendations for upgrading the municipality’s assets. These assessments are interdisciplinary and aim to provide a holistic overview of the built, physical, and natural systems within Greenwich Connecticut. A key component of our assessment and Plan is to not only provide information needed for planning and decision-making, but to also provide information to the general public. To meet this objective, Princeton Hydro will arrange and facilitate two public information sessions. Here, the Princeton Hydro communications team and experts will present our findings along with a Q&A session, provide a primer on climate change and its effects on sea level, and allow for public feedback to maximize public participation.
During Phase 2, our team plans to specifically analyze the effects of tidal migration on the town's four pond complexes. Our plan will provide specific recommendations on how to transition the ponds and shoreline areas to adapt to changing future conditions, with the ultimate goal of maintaining the town’s most important natural resource for public use. The Princeton Hydro team will employ field and modeling techniques to monitor water quality, assess pollutant loading & sediment dynamics, and conduct biological surveys. Like Phase 1, Phase 2 will also include a public information session to present our findings, discuss projected conditions of the ponds, and provide a number of management options to suit future conditions.
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