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Princeton Hydro was specifically tasked with the completion of scour analyses for 13 individual major highway bridges. These bridges were distributed throughout the state and included structures in both the coastal plain and piedmont physiographic provinces. The road crossings at the focus of the study range from single lane exit ramps to five-lane single direction major highways. The average daily traffic load of combined 13 road crossings which were studied is 1.3 million vehicles per day. The detailed Phase II studies were conducted on structures which were previously identified during separate Phase I scour investigations and Biennial Bridge Inspection Reports. Inspections and investigations ultimately either confirmed the existing Federal Highway Authority Structure Inventory and Appraisal of the Nation’s Bridges (SI&A) codes including Items 61 (Channel and Channel Protection), Item 71 (Waterway Adequacy) and Item 113 (Scour Critical Bridges). Princeton Hydro provided a wide range of services as it related to the scour assessments. These services included field inspection service planning and logistics as well and watercraft access to bridge structures. In-field engineering inspections of bridge structures with a focus on scour were also completed for the 13 structures. These inspections included the collection of photographs of the bridge and surrounding channel conditions as well as the collection of representative soil samples. The soil samples were then delivered to our in-house soil laboratory, which is accredited under the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Accreditation Program (AAP), for analysis with the results of the soil analyses being applied in the scour analysis hydraulic calculations. Our engineering services included a detailed review of previous documentation for each bridge including original as-built drawing, previous inspection reports, and other National Bridge Inspection Standards (NBIS) reporting. The Phase II detailed scour analysis also included a hydrologic analysis for each road crossing with consequent hydraulic modeling of the bridge structure and stream channel being performed in HEC-RAS. Results from HEC-RAS were then used to conduct additional scour analysis in the Federal Highway Administration Hydraulic Toolbox. [post_title] => New Jersey Turnpike Authority Phase II Detail Scour Analysis [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => closed [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => new-jersey-turnpike-authority-phase-ii-detail-scour-analysis [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2025-06-03 11:47:38 [post_modified_gmt] => 2025-06-03 11:47:38 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?post_type=project&p=17622 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => project [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [1] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 16980 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2025-01-30 15:01:20 [post_date_gmt] => 2025-01-30 15:01:20 [post_content] => Liberty State Park is located on the west bank of Upper New York Bay and is one of the most visited state parks in the nation with over 5.1 million visitors in 2018. Princeton Hydro was contracted to design a resilient coastal ecosystem within 235 acres of this highly urbanized setting that provides both ecological and social benefits. This includes the restoration of over 80 acres of tidal and non-tidal wetlands and creation of several thousands of feet of intertidal shoreline and shallow water habitat hydrologically connected to the Upper New York Bay. Historically, the site contained intertidal mudflats and shallow water habitat, which were filled and developed as a railroad yard. Once constructed, this project will expand public access, improve water quality, restore native plant communities, and improve coastal resiliency for urban communities that are vulnerable to storm events. The site design includes a trail network for the park interior that will provide access to the newly established habitat zones and views of the Statue of Liberty and New York City skyline. This trail network will enhance pedestrian connectivity between the existing portion of Liberty State Park, Liberty Science Center, Jersey City, and local public transit hubs. To inform the design development, our team conducted design charrettes with various stakeholders and a myriad of monitoring tasks focused on site characterization including a wetland delineation; bio-benchmarking surveys of the tidal marsh vegetation communities; topographic, bathymetric, and utility surveys; and geotechnical sampling such as SPT borings and test pits. Field data and observations were incorporated into various analyses to support the engineering design including a 2D Hydrologic and Hydraulic model and wave analysis, and a detailed Sea Level Rise Analysis to inform the design of various project elements to accommodate sea level rise projections through 2070. The tidal channel geometry, culvert width, and tidal marsh were designed to address increased flows and water surface elevations. Groundwater levels and flow direction were also characterized through the installation of monitoring wells and continuous measurements of the groundwater level using piezometers. To support the design process, the team developed interim construction cost estimates for various design milestones and coordinated and advanced the local, state, and federal permit process and applications. As part of NJDEP’s public outreach campaign, our team participated in an open house interacting directly with members of the public. We produced a 4-minute video simulating the expected visitor experience using detailed engineering design renderings. When completed, this will be one of the largest ecosystem habitat restoration projects in New Jersey. Click below to watch the video now: [embed]https://youtu.be/XbzQ08o7b5Y[/embed] [post_title] => Liberty State Park Ecosystem Restoration [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => closed [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => liberty-state-park-ecosystem-restoration [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2025-01-30 16:01:12 [post_modified_gmt] => 2025-01-30 16:01:12 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?post_type=project&p=16980 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => project [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [2] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 15996 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2024-12-02 15:28:32 [post_date_gmt] => 2024-12-02 15:28:32 [post_content] => The Spring Creek (North) Ecosystem Restoration Project is located in the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, New York. In the early 1900’s, the salt marsh community of Spring Creek was part of the extensive coastal wetland community of Jamaica Bay, known for the abundance and diversity of its shellfish as well as its ecological importance as a nursery and feeding ground for countless species of birds and fish. The intertidal salt marsh and uplands have since been degraded by historic placement of dredged spoils and municipal waste, the construction of a sanitary sewer trunk line, ditching of the marsh, and urbanization of the watershed. When completed, the project will restore approximately 43.2 acres of degraded habitat to 0.7 acres of low marsh, 12.9 acres of transitional and high marsh, 5.2 acres of scrub shrub wetland and 24.4 acres of maritime upland in an overall project footprint of 67 acres. Primary construction activities will include excavating and re-contouring uplands to intertidal elevations, thin layer placement of sand on the marsh platform to restore areas of degraded tidal wetland, removing invasive plant species, and replanting with native plant species. The overall project purpose is to improve the environmental quality (water, diversity, and wildlife habitat) of Spring Creek and its associated salt marshes as part of the overall Jamaica Bay Ecosystem. [gallery link="none" ids="15997,15998,16000"] Princeton Hydro was contracted by the US Army Corps of Engineers, New York District to lead the design and engineering. To inform the design development, a variety of site-specific data was collected including topographic, bathymetric, utility and tree surveys. Wetland delineation and vegetation characterization were performed, along with a bio-benchmark survey to establish marsh habitat boundaries; hydrodynamic data; and geotechnical borings. The data collected was analyzed and incorporated into the design, including a sea level change analysis; slope stability analysis; development of a hydrologic model and an unsteady 1-D hydraulic model; stormwater design; and wetland restoration design. A concept design was developed in coordination with the US Army Corps of Engineers and New York City Parks, and the design was advanced via the preparation of 30%, 60%, 90%, and 100% design plans and technical specifications. Additionally, the required local, state, and federal permits were obtained, and a detailed construction cost estimate was developed. [post_title] => Spring Creek North Ecosystem Restoration Project [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => closed [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => spring-creek-north-ecosystem-restoration-project [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2024-12-02 15:29:53 [post_modified_gmt] => 2024-12-02 15:29:53 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?post_type=project&p=15996 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => project [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [3] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 15402 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2024-06-17 13:09:17 [post_date_gmt] => 2024-06-17 13:09:17 [post_content] => The Long Pond Dam currently serves as a barrier to migratory fish along Whitford Brook, a tributary to the Mystic River. Whitford Brook has seen significant declines in fish populations, in part due to dams along the river corridor that prevent fish from accessing upstream spawning habitat. Diadromous fish, including Alewife, Blueback Herring, American Shad, American Eel, and Sea Lamprey rely on access to upstream spawning habitat to complete their life cycle. For Long Pond specifically, CT DEEP Fisheries estimated that fish passage restoration could provide an annual run of more than 250,000 alewives. In conjunction with other recent improvements along Whitford Brook, facilitating fish passage at this location would create a 6.6-mile stretch of connected river corridor from the confluence of Whitford Brook with the Mystic River upstream to the top of Lantern Hill Pond. A nature-like fishway was identified as the targeted means of providing fish passage by Save the Sound as the configuration of the outlet structure and embankment were well suited to that approach (relative to a technical fishway) and because dam removal was not considered a viable option due to the recreational and habitat (spawning) value of the impoundment. Princeton Hydro’s scope included: evaluation of existing data including past H&H studies and engineering evaluations/inspections of the dam; site investigations including geomorphic assessment and wetland delineation; topographic, utility, and boundary surveys; development of a concept design; H&H analysis; geotechnical investigations; fish passage design; development of an engineering package (plans, technical specifications, construction cost estimate) and applications for regulatory approvals; and finalization of design documents based on regulatory feedback. The primary challenge presented by this project was that the dam in its existing configuration was not in compliance with CT DEEP dam safety standards and that improvements/modifications to the dam to bring it into compliance were being handled by others. Further, site constraints dictated that installation of a nature-like fishway would require replacement of the dam’s outlet structure, which would increase the scope and complexity of the project beyond that originally envisioned. While Princeton Hydro’s design of the nature-like fishway is largely complete, construction can not move forward until finalized plans for bringing the dam into compliance are completed by others and integrated with the proposed fish passage design. Princeton Hydro continues to coordinate with Save the Sound and other project partners to assure that future site improvements will work seamlessly with the proposed fish passage improvements. [post_title] => Designing a Nature-like Fishway at Long Pond Dam [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => closed [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => design-of-nature-like-fishway-at-long-pond-dam [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2024-07-24 09:54:10 [post_modified_gmt] => 2024-07-24 09:54:10 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?post_type=project&p=15402 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => project [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [4] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 14586 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2024-02-06 20:58:15 [post_date_gmt] => 2024-02-06 20:58:15 [post_content] => Princeton Hydro was hired by the Town of Scituate and MA Division of Ecological Restoration to provide engineering feasibility, design, permitting, and construction oversight services for the dam removal in Scituate, MA. The project was a MA DER priority project due to its high potential for restoration of diadromous fish. The dam was a head of tide dam with rainbow smelt spawning habitat just below the dam. The site had significant historic value, including an old mill building once owned by the great, great, great grandfather of Abraham Lincoln. The site was also bifurcated by the historic “Boundary Line,” a border established in 1640 which denoted the boundary between the colonies of Massachusetts and New Plymouth. Significant Section 106 historic and archeological consultation was therefore incorporated into this dam removal project. The project also included significant outreach to the local community, primarily made up of abutting property owners concerned about the loss of the impoundment behind the dam. [gallery link="none" columns="2" ids="14588,14590"] The project was initiated due to the need to pave Mordechai Lincoln Road, but paving was not possible without first repairing the dam’s overflow pipe which extended under the historic mill building. A project partnership was then developed with numerous state agencies and environmental organizations, led by MA DER and the Town of Scituate, to find funding for the removal of the dam and the restoration of Bound Brook. The dam removal was complicated by the existence of an active water main directly upstream of the dam. As part of the design, our design team had to relocate the water main as well as slip line the decaying pipe under the historic mill building. Passive restoration methods were utilized, allowing Bound Brook to find its own diverse channel pattern within the dewatered impoundment. The design plans depicted multiple potential paths where the channel might form. At Princeton Hydro we practice a “less is more” design approach to restoration, placing our faith in the natural channel forming processes of a river whenever possible. [post_title] => Hunters Pond Dam Removal [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => closed [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => hunters-pond-dam-removal-2 [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2024-03-06 21:05:29 [post_modified_gmt] => 2024-03-06 21:05:29 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?post_type=project&p=14586 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => project [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [5] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 14431 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2024-01-17 15:02:39 [post_date_gmt] => 2024-01-17 15:02:39 [post_content] => Princeton Hydro was contracted by the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), New York District to perform a Dam Engineering Assessment for the Lower Cragston Dam at West Point. The multidisciplinary approach to this engineering assessment consists of: Geotechnical and Geophysical Investigation & Reporting; Bathymetric and Topographic Survey; Hydrologic & Hydraulic Analysis; Structural Analysis; Seepage and Stability Analysis; and Dam Break Analysis. In order to successfully and safely perform geotechnical soil borings and rock coring within the dam embankment, a Drilling Program Plan (DPP) was developed by Princeton Hydro. In order to develop a proper drilling scope and methodology, a thorough review of existing documentation was performed including historic engineering plans, dam inspection reports, and Emergency Action Plan. The DPP also required a comprehensive understanding of bedrock and surficial geologic formations in the area. A risk analysis was also performed and the DPP was ultimately approved by the USACE Dam Safety Officer and executed successfully in the field. Laboratory soil testing was performed at Princeton Hydro’s AASHTO-accredited and USACE-validated soil laboratory. Ultimately, the geotechnical investigation and subsequent soil analysis was used to inform a slope stability and seepage analysis. The geotechnical analyses, H&H study, structural inspection, bathymetry, and dam break analysis were used to provide USACE, and in turn, West Point, with recommendations for repair options, replacement options, and decommissioning options for the dam. [gallery link="none" size="medium" columns="2" ids="14432,14433"] [post_title] => USACE Lower Cragston Dam Engineering Assessment [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => closed [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => usace-lower-cragston-dam-engineering-assessment [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2024-01-31 16:34:59 [post_modified_gmt] => 2024-01-31 16:34:59 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?post_type=project&p=14431 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => project [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [6] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 14446 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2024-01-17 11:21:46 [post_date_gmt] => 2024-01-17 11:21:46 [post_content] => Princeton Hydro was contracted by Joseph B. Callaghan, Inc. to perform a geotechnical investigation and provide foundation recommendations for a cooling tower replacement at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey. The project consisted of replacing an existing wood cooling water tower with a two-cell modern cooling tower with accomodations for a third. The proposed layout has the new tower span over the existing sump, which will remain in place, to new foundations on either side. For this field investigation, Princeton Hydro was tasked with performing two geotechnical test borings in the area of the proposed cooling tower footprint. Prior to performance of the borings, a New Jersey Once-Call was placed to locate existing utilities on the site. Upon arrival to the site, borings were relocated from the original planned locations to avoid the numerous underground utilities mapped as underlying the site. Borings were completed by way of a Mobile Drill B-57 Truck rig owned and operated by Soil Borings, Inc. Split spoon sampling was completed continuously for the first 10 feet of drilling, followed by 5 foot intervals until refusal was encountered. Soil samples were logged and collected by a Princeton Hydro field engineer utilizing USCS classification and description techniques. All collected samples were placed into air/moisture tight sample jars and delivered to our AASHTO-accredited and USACE-validated facility for materials testing as necessary. Upon completion of the field investigation and laboratory testing, Princeton Hydro established subsurface strata and soil design parameters for use in shallow foundation design. The design of these foundations consisted of providing the structural engineer with a range of bearing capacities and settlements for different foundation sizes under varying loads. The results of these analyses were summarized in a geotechnical report, which also provided the design engineer with geotechnical recommendations for construction, based on the encountered conditions. [post_title] => Rutgers Cooling Tower Replacement Geotechnical Investigation [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => closed [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => rutgers-cooling-tower-replacement-geotechnical-investigation [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2024-10-03 12:23:56 [post_modified_gmt] => 2024-10-03 12:23:56 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?post_type=project&p=14446 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => project [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [7] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 13653 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2023-09-20 11:34:35 [post_date_gmt] => 2023-09-20 11:34:35 [post_content] => Princeton Hydro was hired by The Nature Conservancy to design and permit the replacement of the Mitchell Brook culvert in Whatley, MA. The culvert was designed according to the Massachusetts Stream Crossing Standards to promote aquatic organism passage. Road crossings over streams have gained recent attention in the Northeast for interrupting stream continuity, fragmenting habitat, and creating barriers to fish passage. The USGS, in partnership with other agencies, had been collecting fish passage data at two road crossings in a small rural watershed in western Massachusetts. The Nature Conservancy contracted Princeton Hydro to design and implement a culvert crossing retrofit that would allow for before-and-after comparison of fish passage rates on Mitchell Brook, a tributary to the West River. As one of the few stream crossing retrofits with extensive fish passage data collection, the project is intended to serve as a model for ongoing efforts. [gallery columns="2" link="none" ids="13655,13654"] Princeton Hydro completed a geomorphic assessment and hydrologic and hydraulic modeling, and applied the USFS Stream Simulation process to develop a design that satisfied the Massachusetts Stream Crossing Standards. As the crossing was a public road, the design also had to satisfy MassDOT road and bridge standards. Princeton Hydro gained the necessary permit approvals from Massachusetts Department of Transportation, the local Conservation Commission (administering state Wetland regulations), and the US Army Corps of Engineers. [post_title] => Mitchell Brook Aquatic Organism Passage Culvert Replacement [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => closed [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => mitchell-brook-aop-culvert-replacement [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2023-09-20 11:37:51 [post_modified_gmt] => 2023-09-20 11:37:51 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?post_type=project&p=13653 [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => project [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [8] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 13647 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2023-08-16 11:24:12 [post_date_gmt] => 2023-08-16 11:24:12 [post_content] => Under a multi-year renewal contract with the New Jersey Division of Property Management, Princeton Hydro provided sediment, quantification, sampling and analysis services for the Warren Mill Dam impoundment. The project was initiated to understand the amount of sediment behind the dam that would require management or release to create a stable fluvial river channel pending dam removal; understand the geotechnical qualities of the sediment, and; determine the contaminant (HTRW) concentrations within the sediment in relation to ecological screening and human health criteria. [gallery columns="2" link="none" ids="13651,13650"] The initial fieldwork encompassed a bathymetric/hydrographic survey utilizing a combination of a Knudsen dual frequency sounder and survey measurements, both tied to a real time kinematic (RTK) survey grade global positioning system (GPS). Following the completion of the field survey, the top of sediment topography was generated and used to develop initial volume estimates. Utilizing this data, a sediment sampling and analysis plan (SSAP) was developed with NJDEP, and NJDEP Land Use Permits and landowner permissions were acquired (right of entry). Once the SSAP was approved, the environmental/geotechnical borings were conducted. A total of 15 borings were completed from a bargemounted tripod SPT rig by Princeton Hydro and Unitech Drilling. All borings were progressed to refusal on bedrock, and the stratigraphy and lithology of the sediment and soils were logged, including standard penetration tests. Additionally, samples were collected for chemical analysis, including river water samples, to complete elutriate testing to assess the mobility of contaminants during the dam removal process. [gallery columns="2" link="none" ids="13652,13649"] Princeton Hydro collected split samples for both HTRW analysis performed by an independent analytical laboratory, and grain size analysis, moisture content, organic content, and Atterberg limits performed by Princeton Hydro’s in-house AASHTO-accredited and USACE-certified geotechnical laboratory. Field logs were finalized, and a report was prepared describing the field operations, observations, conclusions and recommendations. The report also included a hydrographic map of the impoundment, boring locations, boring logs, analytical results, an interpretive fence diagram of the sediment stratigraphy between borings, and volume calculations. [post_title] => Warren Mill Dam Sediment Investigation [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => closed [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => warren-mill-dam-sediment-investigation [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2024-10-03 12:24:54 [post_modified_gmt] => 2024-10-03 12:24:54 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?post_type=project&p=13647 [menu_order] => 1 [post_type] => project [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [9] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 13279 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2023-07-21 18:25:25 [post_date_gmt] => 2023-07-21 18:25:25 [post_content] => Princeton Hydro was contracted by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Philadelphia District to perform a geotechnical evaluation in support of the proposed site improvements at the Letterkenny Army Depot in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. The base focuses on the maintenance, modification, storage, and demilitarization of equipment for the United States Army. The base consists of numerous buildings/warehouses and parking/storage lots for military equipment spanning over 18,000 acres. The area in which the site work was conducted is approximately 10 acres in size and is the proposed area for a new consolidated Shipping and Receiving Warehouse for receipt of items and component materials being inducted into the depot for recapitalization or reset. For this field investigation project, Princeton Hydro was tasked with coordination and oversight of a Geophysical survey of the project area to identify, delineate, and characterize subsurface targets; performance of fourteen (14) geotechnical borings with associated rock coring to supplement USACE design of the site improvements; and performance of three (3) test pits to determine the depth to groundwater/seasonal high groundwater as well as the rippability of the bedrock on site. For the geophysical survey, Princeton Hydro subcontracted Hager-Richter Geoscience. This survey included ground penetrating radar (GPR), time domain electromagnetic induction metal detection (EM61), and precision utility location. During the geophysical survey, Princeton Hydro was on site to act as a point of contact with the client as well as the Site Safety and Health Officer as outlined in USACE EM 385-1-1. For the geotechnical borings and test pits, Princeton Hydro subcontracted CGC Geoservices. Borings were completed by way of a CME-55 truck mounted drill rig. In each boring advanced, sampling was performed continuously until the target depth was achieved. If bedrock was encountered before each target depth, rock coring was performed until a minimum of 10 feet of recovered core sample was observed to be competent rock. Test pits were completed by way of a John Deere 310L EP rubber tire backhoe. Test pits were advanced to bedrock, at which time the backhoe would attempt to progress until bucket refusal to determine the rippability of the rock. Princeton Hydro was on site during all geotechnical borings and test pits to prepare descriptive boing/test pit logs as well as act as the Site Safety and Health Officer as outlined in USACE EM 385-1-1. Upon completion of the field investigation, Princeton Hydro performed laboratory testing on select soil sampling representative of the stratigraphy observed at the site in our in-house AASHTO-accredited and USACE-validated materials testing laboratory. The results of the lab testing were utilized to establish subsurface strata to aid USACE with the design of the proposed site features. [post_title] => Letterkenney Army Depot Site Investigation [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => closed [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => letterkenney-army-depot-site-investigation [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2024-10-03 12:25:23 [post_modified_gmt] => 2024-10-03 12:25:23 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://princetonhydro.com/?post_type=project&p=13279 [menu_order] => 7 [post_type] => project [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) ) [post_count] => 10 [current_post] => -1 [before_loop] => 1 [in_the_loop] => [post] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 17622 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2025-06-03 11:47:38 [post_date_gmt] => 2025-06-03 11:47:38 [post_content] => Princeton Hydro was part of a two-firm team tasked with the completion of Phase II detail scour analyses for the New Jersey Turnpike Authority (NJTA), a major state-wide transportation authority. Princeton Hydro was specifically tasked with the completion of scour analyses for 13 individual major highway bridges. These bridges were distributed throughout the state and included structures in both the coastal plain and piedmont physiographic provinces. The road crossings at the focus of the study range from single lane exit ramps to five-lane single direction major highways. The average daily traffic load of combined 13 road crossings which were studied is 1.3 million vehicles per day. The detailed Phase II studies were conducted on structures which were previously identified during separate Phase I scour investigations and Biennial Bridge Inspection Reports. Inspections and investigations ultimately either confirmed the existing Federal Highway Authority Structure Inventory and Appraisal of the Nation’s Bridges (SI&A) codes including Items 61 (Channel and Channel Protection), Item 71 (Waterway Adequacy) and Item 113 (Scour Critical Bridges). Princeton Hydro provided a wide range of services as it related to the scour assessments. These services included field inspection service planning and logistics as well and watercraft access to bridge structures. In-field engineering inspections of bridge structures with a focus on scour were also completed for the 13 structures. These inspections included the collection of photographs of the bridge and surrounding channel conditions as well as the collection of representative soil samples. The soil samples were then delivered to our in-house soil laboratory, which is accredited under the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Accreditation Program (AAP), for analysis with the results of the soil analyses being applied in the scour analysis hydraulic calculations. Our engineering services included a detailed review of previous documentation for each bridge including original as-built drawing, previous inspection reports, and other National Bridge Inspection Standards (NBIS) reporting. The Phase II detailed scour analysis also included a hydrologic analysis for each road crossing with consequent hydraulic modeling of the bridge structure and stream channel being performed in HEC-RAS. Results from HEC-RAS were then used to conduct additional scour analysis in the Federal Highway Administration Hydraulic Toolbox. 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Princeton Hydro was part of a two-firm team tasked with the completion of Phase II detail scour analyses for the New Jersey Turnpike Authority (NJTA), a major state-wide transportation authority. Princeton Hydro was specifically tasked with the completion of scour analyses for 13 individual major highway bridges. These bridges were distributed throughout the state and included structures in both the coastal plain and piedmont physiographic provinces. The road crossings at the focus of the study range from single lane exit ramps to five-lane single direction major highways. The average daily traffic load of combined 13 road crossings which were studied is 1.3 million vehicles per day.
The detailed Phase II studies were conducted on structures which were previously identified during separate Phase I scour investigations and Biennial Bridge Inspection Reports. Inspections and investigations ultimately either confirmed the existing Federal Highway Authority Structure Inventory and Appraisal of the Nation’s Bridges (SI&A) codes including Items 61 (Channel and Channel Protection), Item 71 (Waterway Adequacy) and Item 113 (Scour Critical Bridges).
Princeton Hydro provided a wide range of services as it related to the scour assessments. These services included field inspection service planning and logistics as well and watercraft access to bridge structures. In-field engineering inspections of bridge structures with a focus on scour were also completed for the 13 structures. These inspections included the collection of photographs of the bridge and surrounding channel conditions as well as the collection of representative soil samples.
The soil samples were then delivered to our in-house soil laboratory, which is accredited under the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Accreditation Program (AAP), for analysis with the results of the soil analyses being applied in the scour analysis hydraulic calculations.
Our engineering services included a detailed review of previous documentation for each bridge including original as-built drawing, previous inspection reports, and other National Bridge Inspection Standards (NBIS) reporting. The Phase II detailed scour analysis also included a hydrologic analysis for each road crossing with consequent hydraulic modeling of the bridge structure and stream channel being performed in HEC-RAS. Results from HEC-RAS were then used to conduct additional scour analysis in the Federal Highway Administration Hydraulic Toolbox.
Liberty State Park is located on the west bank of Upper New York Bay and is one of the most visited state parks in the nation with over 5.1 million visitors in 2018. Princeton Hydro was contracted to design a resilient coastal ecosystem within 235 acres of this highly urbanized setting that provides both ecological and social benefits. This includes the restoration of over 80 acres of tidal and non-tidal wetlands and creation of several thousands of feet of intertidal shoreline and shallow water habitat hydrologically connected to the Upper New York Bay.
Historically, the site contained intertidal mudflats and shallow water habitat, which were filled and developed as a railroad yard. Once constructed, this project will expand public access, improve water quality, restore native plant communities, and improve coastal resiliency for urban communities that are vulnerable to storm events. The site design includes a trail network for the park interior that will provide access to the newly established habitat zones and views of the Statue of Liberty and New York City skyline. This trail network will enhance pedestrian connectivity between the existing portion of Liberty State Park, Liberty Science Center, Jersey City, and local public transit hubs.
To inform the design development, our team conducted design charrettes with various stakeholders and a myriad of monitoring tasks focused on site characterization including a wetland delineation; bio-benchmarking surveys of the tidal marsh vegetation communities; topographic, bathymetric, and utility surveys; and geotechnical sampling such as SPT borings and test pits. Field data and observations were incorporated into various analyses to support the engineering design including a 2D Hydrologic and Hydraulic model and wave analysis, and a detailed Sea Level Rise Analysis to inform the design of various project elements to accommodate sea level rise projections through 2070. The tidal channel geometry, culvert width, and tidal marsh were designed to address increased flows and water surface elevations. Groundwater levels and flow direction were also characterized through the installation of monitoring wells and continuous measurements of the groundwater level using piezometers.
To support the design process, the team developed interim construction cost estimates for various design milestones and coordinated and advanced the local, state, and federal permit process and applications. As part of NJDEP’s public outreach campaign, our team participated in an open house interacting directly with members of the public. We produced a 4-minute video simulating the expected visitor experience using detailed engineering design renderings. When completed, this will be one of the largest ecosystem habitat restoration projects in New Jersey. Click below to watch the video now:
The Spring Creek (North) Ecosystem Restoration Project is located in the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, New York. In the early 1900’s, the salt marsh community of Spring Creek was part of the extensive coastal wetland community of Jamaica Bay, known for the abundance and diversity of its shellfish as well as its ecological importance as a nursery and feeding ground for countless species of birds and fish. The intertidal salt marsh and uplands have since been degraded by historic placement of dredged spoils and municipal waste, the construction of a sanitary sewer trunk line, ditching of the marsh, and urbanization of the watershed.
When completed, the project will restore approximately 43.2 acres of degraded habitat to 0.7 acres of low marsh, 12.9 acres of transitional and high marsh, 5.2 acres of scrub shrub wetland and 24.4 acres of maritime upland in an overall project footprint of 67 acres. Primary construction activities will include excavating and re-contouring uplands to intertidal elevations, thin layer placement of sand on the marsh platform to restore areas of degraded tidal wetland, removing invasive plant species, and replanting with native plant species. The overall project purpose is to improve the environmental quality (water, diversity, and wildlife habitat) of Spring Creek and its associated salt marshes as part of the overall Jamaica Bay Ecosystem.
Princeton Hydro was contracted by the US Army Corps of Engineers, New York District to lead the design and engineering. To inform the design development, a variety of site-specific data was collected including topographic, bathymetric, utility and tree surveys. Wetland delineation and vegetation characterization were performed, along with a bio-benchmark survey to establish marsh habitat boundaries; hydrodynamic data; and geotechnical borings. The data collected was analyzed and incorporated into the design, including a sea level change analysis; slope stability analysis; development of a hydrologic model and an unsteady 1-D hydraulic model; stormwater design; and wetland restoration design.
A concept design was developed in coordination with the US Army Corps of Engineers and New York City Parks, and the design was advanced via the preparation of 30%, 60%, 90%, and 100% design plans and technical specifications. Additionally, the required local, state, and federal permits were obtained, and a detailed construction cost estimate was developed.
The Long Pond Dam currently serves as a barrier to migratory fish along Whitford Brook, a tributary to the Mystic River. Whitford Brook has seen significant declines in fish populations, in part due to dams along the river corridor that prevent fish from accessing upstream spawning habitat. Diadromous fish, including Alewife, Blueback Herring, American Shad, American Eel, and Sea Lamprey rely on access to upstream spawning habitat to complete their life cycle. For Long Pond specifically, CT DEEP Fisheries estimated that fish passage restoration could provide an annual run of more than 250,000 alewives. In conjunction with other recent improvements along Whitford Brook, facilitating fish passage at this location would create a 6.6-mile stretch of connected river corridor from the confluence of Whitford Brook with the Mystic River upstream to the top of Lantern Hill Pond.
A nature-like fishway was identified as the targeted means of providing fish passage by Save the Sound as the configuration of the outlet structure and embankment were well suited to that approach (relative to a technical fishway) and because dam removal was not considered a viable option due to the recreational and habitat (spawning) value of the impoundment.
Princeton Hydro’s scope included: evaluation of existing data including past H&H studies and engineering evaluations/inspections of the dam; site investigations including geomorphic assessment and wetland delineation; topographic, utility, and boundary surveys; development of a concept design; H&H analysis; geotechnical investigations; fish passage design; development of an engineering package (plans, technical specifications, construction cost estimate) and applications for regulatory approvals; and finalization of design documents based on regulatory feedback.
The primary challenge presented by this project was that the dam in its existing configuration was not in compliance with CT DEEP dam safety standards and that improvements/modifications to the dam to bring it into compliance were being handled by others. Further, site constraints dictated that installation of a nature-like fishway would require replacement of the dam’s outlet structure, which would increase the scope and complexity of the project beyond that originally envisioned.
While Princeton Hydro’s design of the nature-like fishway is largely complete, construction can not move forward until finalized plans for bringing the dam into compliance are completed by others and integrated with the proposed fish passage design. Princeton Hydro continues to coordinate with Save the Sound and other project partners to assure that future site improvements will work seamlessly with the proposed fish passage improvements.
Princeton Hydro was hired by the Town of Scituate and MA Division of Ecological Restoration to provide engineering feasibility, design, permitting, and construction oversight services for the dam removal in Scituate, MA. The project was a MA DER priority project due to its high potential for restoration of diadromous fish. The dam was a head of tide dam with rainbow smelt spawning habitat just below the dam. The site had significant historic value, including an old mill building once owned by the great, great, great grandfather of Abraham Lincoln. The site was also bifurcated by the historic “Boundary Line,” a border established in 1640 which denoted the boundary between the colonies of Massachusetts and New Plymouth. Significant Section 106 historic and archeological consultation was therefore incorporated into this dam removal project. The project also included significant outreach to the local community, primarily made up of abutting property owners concerned about the loss of the impoundment behind the dam.
The project was initiated due to the need to pave Mordechai Lincoln Road, but paving was not possible without first repairing the dam’s overflow pipe which extended under the historic mill building. A project partnership was then developed with numerous state agencies and environmental organizations, led by MA DER and the Town of Scituate, to find funding for the removal of the dam and the restoration of Bound Brook.
The dam removal was complicated by the existence of an active water main directly upstream of the dam. As part of the design, our design team had to relocate the water main as well as slip line the decaying pipe under the historic mill building. Passive restoration methods were utilized, allowing Bound Brook to find its own diverse channel pattern within the dewatered impoundment.
The design plans depicted multiple potential paths where the channel might form. At Princeton Hydro we practice a “less is more” design approach to restoration, placing our faith in the natural channel forming processes of a river whenever possible.
Princeton Hydro was contracted by the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), New York District to perform a Dam Engineering Assessment for the Lower Cragston Dam at West Point. The multidisciplinary approach to this engineering assessment consists of: Geotechnical and Geophysical Investigation & Reporting; Bathymetric and Topographic Survey; Hydrologic & Hydraulic Analysis; Structural Analysis; Seepage and Stability Analysis; and Dam Break Analysis.
In order to successfully and safely perform geotechnical soil borings and rock coring within the dam embankment, a Drilling Program Plan (DPP) was developed by Princeton Hydro. In order to develop a proper drilling scope and methodology, a thorough review of existing documentation was performed including historic engineering plans, dam inspection reports, and Emergency Action Plan. The DPP also required a comprehensive understanding of bedrock and surficial geologic formations in the area. A risk analysis was also performed and the DPP was ultimately approved by the USACE Dam Safety Officer and executed successfully in the field.
Laboratory soil testing was performed at Princeton Hydro’s AASHTO-accredited and USACE-validated soil laboratory. Ultimately, the geotechnical investigation and subsequent soil analysis was used to inform a slope stability and seepage analysis.
The geotechnical analyses, H&H study, structural inspection, bathymetry, and dam break analysis were used to provide USACE, and in turn, West Point, with recommendations for repair options, replacement options, and decommissioning options for the dam.
Princeton Hydro was contracted by Joseph B. Callaghan, Inc. to perform a geotechnical investigation and provide foundation recommendations for a cooling tower replacement at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey. The project consisted of replacing an existing wood cooling water tower with a two-cell modern cooling tower with accomodations for a third. The proposed layout has the new tower span over the existing sump, which will remain in place, to new foundations on either side.
For this field investigation, Princeton Hydro was tasked with performing two geotechnical test borings in the area of the proposed cooling tower footprint. Prior to performance of the borings, a New Jersey Once-Call was placed to locate existing utilities on the site. Upon arrival to the site, borings were relocated from the original planned locations to avoid the numerous underground utilities mapped as underlying the site.
Borings were completed by way of a Mobile Drill B-57 Truck rig owned and operated by Soil Borings, Inc. Split spoon sampling was completed continuously for the first 10 feet of drilling, followed by 5 foot intervals until refusal was encountered. Soil samples were logged and collected by a Princeton Hydro field engineer utilizing USCS classification and description techniques. All collected samples were placed into air/moisture tight sample jars and delivered to our AASHTO-accredited and USACE-validated facility for materials testing as necessary.
Upon completion of the field investigation and laboratory testing, Princeton Hydro established subsurface strata and soil design parameters for use in shallow foundation design. The design of these foundations consisted of providing the structural engineer with a range of bearing capacities and settlements for different foundation sizes under varying loads. The results of these analyses were summarized in a geotechnical report, which also provided the design engineer with geotechnical recommendations for construction, based on the encountered conditions.
Princeton Hydro was hired by The Nature Conservancy to design and permit the replacement of the Mitchell Brook culvert in Whatley, MA. The culvert was designed according to the Massachusetts Stream Crossing Standards to promote aquatic organism passage.
Road crossings over streams have gained recent attention in the Northeast for interrupting stream continuity, fragmenting habitat, and creating barriers to fish passage. The USGS, in partnership with other agencies, had been collecting fish passage data at two road crossings in a small rural watershed in western Massachusetts.
The Nature Conservancy contracted Princeton Hydro to design and implement a culvert crossing retrofit that would allow for before-and-after comparison of fish passage rates on Mitchell Brook, a tributary to the West River. As one of the few stream crossing retrofits with extensive fish passage data collection, the project is intended to serve as a model for ongoing efforts.
Princeton Hydro completed a geomorphic assessment and hydrologic and hydraulic modeling, and applied the USFS Stream Simulation process to develop a design that satisfied the Massachusetts Stream Crossing Standards. As the crossing was a public road, the design also had to satisfy MassDOT road and bridge standards. Princeton Hydro gained the necessary permit approvals from Massachusetts Department of Transportation, the local Conservation Commission (administering state Wetland regulations), and the US Army Corps of Engineers.
Under a multi-year renewal contract with the New Jersey Division of Property Management, Princeton Hydro provided sediment, quantification, sampling and analysis services for the Warren Mill Dam impoundment. The project was initiated to understand the amount of sediment behind the dam that would require management or release to create a stable fluvial river channel pending dam removal; understand the geotechnical qualities of the sediment, and; determine the contaminant (HTRW) concentrations within the sediment in relation to ecological screening and human health criteria.
The initial fieldwork encompassed a bathymetric/hydrographic survey utilizing a combination of a Knudsen dual frequency sounder and survey measurements, both tied to a real time kinematic (RTK) survey grade global positioning system (GPS). Following the completion of the field survey, the top of sediment topography was generated and used to develop initial volume estimates. Utilizing this data, a sediment sampling and analysis plan (SSAP) was developed with NJDEP, and NJDEP Land Use Permits and landowner permissions were acquired (right of entry). Once the SSAP was approved, the environmental/geotechnical borings were conducted.
A total of 15 borings were completed from a bargemounted tripod SPT rig by Princeton Hydro and Unitech Drilling. All borings were progressed to refusal on bedrock, and the stratigraphy and lithology of the sediment and soils were logged, including standard penetration tests. Additionally, samples were collected for chemical analysis, including river water samples, to complete elutriate testing to assess the mobility of contaminants during the dam removal process.
Princeton Hydro collected split samples for both HTRW analysis performed by an independent analytical laboratory, and grain size analysis, moisture content, organic content, and Atterberg limits performed by Princeton Hydro’s in-house AASHTO-accredited and USACE-certified geotechnical laboratory. Field logs were finalized, and a report was prepared describing the field operations, observations, conclusions and recommendations. The report also included a hydrographic map of the impoundment, boring locations, boring logs, analytical results, an interpretive fence diagram of the sediment stratigraphy between borings, and volume calculations.
Princeton Hydro was contracted by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Philadelphia District to perform a geotechnical evaluation in support of the proposed site improvements at the Letterkenny Army Depot in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. The base focuses on the maintenance, modification, storage, and demilitarization of equipment for the United States Army. The base consists of numerous buildings/warehouses and parking/storage lots for military equipment spanning over 18,000 acres.
The area in which the site work was conducted is approximately 10 acres in size and is the proposed area for a new consolidated Shipping and Receiving Warehouse for receipt of items and component materials being inducted into the depot for recapitalization or reset.
For this field investigation project, Princeton Hydro was tasked with coordination and oversight of a Geophysical survey of the project area to identify, delineate, and characterize subsurface targets; performance of fourteen (14) geotechnical borings with associated rock coring to supplement USACE design of the site improvements; and performance of three (3) test pits to determine the depth to groundwater/seasonal high groundwater as well as the rippability of the bedrock on site.
For the geophysical survey, Princeton Hydro subcontracted Hager-Richter Geoscience. This survey included ground penetrating radar (GPR), time domain electromagnetic induction metal detection (EM61), and precision utility location. During the geophysical survey, Princeton Hydro was on site to act as a point of contact with the client as well as the Site Safety and Health Officer as outlined in USACE EM 385-1-1.
For the geotechnical borings and test pits, Princeton Hydro subcontracted CGC Geoservices. Borings were completed by way of a CME-55 truck mounted drill rig. In each boring advanced, sampling was performed continuously until the target depth was achieved. If bedrock was encountered before each target depth, rock coring was performed until a minimum of 10 feet of recovered core sample was observed to be competent rock. Test pits were completed by way of a John Deere 310L EP rubber tire backhoe. Test pits were advanced to bedrock, at which time the backhoe would attempt to progress until bucket refusal to determine the rippability of the rock. Princeton Hydro was on site during all geotechnical borings and test pits to prepare descriptive boing/test pit logs as well as act as the Site Safety and Health Officer as outlined in USACE EM 385-1-1.
Upon completion of the field investigation, Princeton Hydro performed laboratory testing on select soil sampling representative of the stratigraphy observed at the site in our in-house AASHTO-accredited and USACE-validated materials testing laboratory. The results of the lab testing were utilized to establish subsurface strata to aid USACE with the design of the proposed site features.
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