We’re committed to improving our ecosystems, quality of life, and communities for the better.
Our passion and commitment to the integration of innovative science and engineering drive us to exceed on behalf of every client.
Duke Farms, a Center of the Doris Duke Foundation, is a 2,700-acre landscape in Hillsborough, NJ, dedicated to restoring ecosystems, demonstrating sustainable land management, and inspiring environmental leadership. Once the privately-owned estate of J.B. and Doris Duke, the property now welcomes more than 150,000 visitors annually who come to experience its diverse habitats, miles of public trails, and innovative conservation programs.
Situated within the Raritan River Watershed and bordered by a mosaic of rural and suburban development, Duke Farms functions as a living laboratory for nature-based solutions in complex, fragmented landscapes. Its forests, meadows, waterways, and working lands offer an unparalleled setting to advance climate-positive strategies, including restorative land management and decarbonization initiatives, while maintaining an unwavering commitment to protecting wildlife and enriching biodiversity.
For more than 20 years, Princeton Hydro has partnered with Duke Farms to restore, monitor, and manage its interconnected lakes and ponds. In 2001, we developed a comprehensive Lake Management Plan to address water quality challenges, promote ecological balance, and ensure these systems could support both wildlife and public use. Since then, we have provided ongoing updates to align management strategies with the ecological objectives of the Duke Farms Foundation. Over time, the Foundation has expanded public access for education and recreation, highlighting the distinctions between shallow, artificial impoundments and natural lakes while implementing innovative, nature-based techniques for algae and aquatic plant control. Today, Duke Farms’ 11 lakes and ponds, eight of which were included in the original plan, remain central to the property’s water resources and continue to play a vital role in overall ecological health, stewardship programming, and public recreation opportunities.
Great Falls Cove at Duke Farms. Photo by Princeton Hydro Aquatic Ecologist Katie Walston-Frederick.
The original Lake Management Plan integrated routine water quality monitoring, hydrologic and pollutant-load modeling, adaptive aquatic plant management, and targeted interventions to restore ecological balance. Key components included invasive species control, such as Common Carp removal to support native fish populations, and a comprehensive algae and aquatic plant program that included aeration and aquascaping. This multifaceted approach established the foundation for long-term recovery across the lake system.
As Duke Farms expanded public access and strengthened its educational mission, management strategies evolved to emphasize innovative, low-impact techniques for shallow, human-made impoundments. Recent advancements implemented by Princeton Hydro include:
The most recent plan update incorporates techniques that were unavailable when the original plan was developed:
These initiatives reinforce Duke Farms’ commitment to piloting forward-looking, sustainable ecosystem management practices that can guide stewardship of water resources across the region and beyond.
Hydrology Study: Reducing Pumping, Improving Water Quality
In 2012, Princeton Hydro conducted a detailed hydrologic analysis of Duke Farms’ interconnected lake system to evaluate water management strategies. Historically, water from the Raritan River was pumped into the lakes to maintain water levels. While reliable, this practice introduced elevated nutrients and sediments in the property’s lakes and ponds, degrading water quality and fueling nuisance algal blooms.
The study synthesized pump and discharge records, long-term climate and hydrologic data, and monthly water budgets, and included experimental pumping scenarios to assess alternatives. Results were transformative: under normal conditions, supplemental pumping could be reduced by more than 95%, and even during drought, by about 70%, without compromising lake levels. Based on these findings, Duke Farms adopted a low-volume, seasonal pumping strategy and transitioned to a higher-quality groundwater source, which significantly reduced nutrient loading, improved water clarity, and lowered energy consumption.
Ongoing monitoring remains a cornerstone of the Duke Farms–Princeton Hydro partnership. For each waterbody, the team conducts in-situ data collection, laboratory analyses, visual and observational evaluations, and detailed reporting. Data from continuous monitoring demonstrates sustained improvements in dissolved oxygen, water quality, and overall lake/pond health. This continuous feedback loop informs adaptive management decisions and allows Duke Farms to measure the ecological success of its restoration efforts.
We are proud to partner with Duke Farms in advancing the health and resilience of its water resources, a commitment that not only protects the lakes and ponds on the property but also delivers positive ecological benefits throughout the Raritan River watershed. Click here to learn more about our lake management work in the region. To explore Duke Farms, plan a visit to its beautiful property, sign up for educational programs, or discover ways to get involved in its conservation initiatives, visit Duke Farms’ website.
*All photos used in this blog were captured by Princeton Hydro Aquatic Ecologist Katie Walston-Frederick.
add comment
Δ
Your Full Name * Phone Number * Your Email * Organization Address Message *
By EmailBy Phone
Submit
Couldn’t find a match? Check back often as we post new positions throughout the year.
PRINCETON HYDRO
PRINCETON HYDRO